Hyacinth: home care in a pot, how to plant and grow, propagation methods

Hyacinth is akin to a tulip, hippeastrum, amaryllis - a bulbous plant, thanks to which you can get a bouquet in early spring without resorting to a purchase. After all, what is better than a gift, nurtured with your own hands and received the soul of a grower. Home care for hyacinths in pots is not tricky, but without special knowledge, the results may not work. What you need to pay attention to, in what sequence to plant and further care for the plant in order to get the coveted flower.

Popular varieties and types

Hyacinth is a flowering bulbous plant belonging to the Asparagus family. From ancient Greek hyacinth is a flower of rains. And this is not a myth. The homeland is considered to be the south of the Mediterranean, where its flowering occurs during the warm rainy season. Hyacinth can be of various sizes from 30 cm to 45 cm, usually it does not reach large heights. Grown mainly as a houseplant in small pots.

Having a few pots in your greenhouse, you can get beautiful peduncles-panicles by the desired date. But it is important to know the rules for forcing a hyacinth flower. Today, the cultivation of such unique plants is fashionable: tulips, hyacinths, roses, lilies, when kept indoors and under favorable conditions, will provide beautiful flowers all winter and early spring. In nature, there are three types of hyacinths, which are full of a variety of varieties. The main types are:

Oriental - perhaps the most popular and common hyacinth, which formed the basis of many varieties. Differs in a rare arrangement of flowers on a long thin peduncle. Various colors and a pleasant aroma will impress any grower.
Litvinova - representatives have wide leaves, low or high peduncles. The color palette is a little poorer than that of the oriental look and is mainly represented by greenish, purple or blue tones.
Transcaspian - blue flowers on long peduncles, of which two are formed from one bulb.

All varieties have their own classification, depending on the growth and color of flowers:

white color: Argentina Andersen (28 cm), Linnosans (26 cm), Carnegie (22 cm), Edelweiss (25 cm);
blue color: King of the Blues (20 cm), Delft Blue (20 cm), Maria and Miozotis;
pink color: Anna Marie (25 cm), Fondant (20 cm), Pink Pearl, China Pink and Marconi;
purple: Amethyst (25cm), Bismarck (30cm), Menelik;
yellow color: City of Harlem, Orange Bowen, Yellow Hammer.

Any of the presented varieties can be determined for forcing as a pet green pet.

Necessary conditions for the germination of hyacinths

Here it is worth talking about the concept of "forcing". What is it and under what conditions is it carried out? Distillation is the acceleration of the process of growth, flowering, maturation of a plant. Basically, the procedure is intended for decorative blooming indoor flowers or when grown in a greenhouse and hotbeds.

The plant is provided with special conditions that allow it to accelerate cell division, the process of photosynthesis, which makes it grow faster, fills the bulb with nutrients and throws out the peduncle.

In the room where containers with hyacinths are exposed, they provide high humidity, an abundance of light and heat. If there is not enough natural light, light fitolamps are added.

Important! For distillation, only the largest and he althiest bulbs are taken. In this case, the hyacinth will quickly mobilize its strength and accelerate growth.

How to choose and prepare bulbs for planting

To get a peduncle by a certain date, you need to buy high-quality root tubers. It is advisable to buy from trusted suppliers or in specialized stores. Planting material must meet the following requirements:

The product should not show mechanical damage and infectious stains. The color is even, solid.
Best measurements are 5 cm in diameter.
When touching the bulbs, they should be firm and have some weight, and not give the illusion of an empty ball.
Before planting, it is important to decide on a variety, as not all are intended for home cultivation.
The onion should be smooth with a neck.

Important! It is better to buy goods at the end of summer, such specimens are already at rest.

Choice of pot and soil

This is an important step in planting hyacinths. If the bulb is given freedom, then most likely it will be fruitful to grow, and most importantly, it will not work to wait for the planned flowering. An important nuance in the selection of planting capacity is tightness for the root system. You need to choose pots (these can be planting containers, small clay pots, plastic flower pots) to accommodate one or more bulbs. In store conditions, you can find pots planted with five or more bulbs.

For a single plant, the pot is selected shallow, but wide so that the diameter is 4-5 cm larger than the bulb. If you plant a pair, three copies, there should be a distance of about 2 cm between them.The hyacinth must grow on a good layer of drainage, otherwise it will rot the root system.

You can plant hyacinths in any soil intended for bulbous plants, after mixing it with sand, or in a soil mixture of peat, garden soil, humus and sand in equal parts.

Location

Where the containers with hyacinths will stand will determine their rapid development. They need plenty of light, but not direct scorching sunlight. Therefore, the best place in the apartment would be a window sill facing east or west.

Lighting and temperature conditions

Light is preferably diffused. If you install pots with bulbs on the south side of the house, then the windows should be shaded. In the northern location, the hyacinth will take a lot of effort to grow, but not bloom. The optimum distillation temperature for hyacinth is in the range of 15 to 22 degrees with a plus sign.Any deviation from the norm can kill the hyacinth.

You can not place containers near heating appliances, as too high a temperature negatively affects the plant. It simply won't bloom or bloom will be weak and short.

Humidity

Humidity for hyacinth is very significant, but the plant cannot be sprayed superficially, so an open container with water is placed next to the pot for evaporation. Some flower growers pour pebbles into the pan and periodically moisten it. The humidity level should correspond to 65%. If this level cannot be reached, special humidifiers are installed.

How to plant a plant

The planting containers are filled with soil to the very top, then the bulb is planted.

Date of planting

Planting time depends on the specific date by which you need to get flowering. In summer, the bulb is in a dormant period; planting is best timed to coincide with the autumn months. From planting to flowering will take 90-100 days, so it is important to calculate when to plant the bulb.

If planting is carried out in autumn, then the peduncle will appear in winter, at the beginning of spring.

With the help of a simple calculation, you can get a cut or a gift pot by March 8, February 23 and other holidays, you can please people born from January to May.

Digging depth of bulbs

The bulbs are laid out on the surface of the soil or sand. They cannot be buried completely, but only slightly pressed with your fingers so that the upper part rises 1.5 cm above the ground. If planted in the soil, then the surface after placing the bulbs can be crushed with sand, this will prevent the appearance of pathogenic microbes.

Further, the soil is slightly moistened, the pots are wrapped in opaque polyethylene and put away in a cool dark place. So the hyacinth should stand for about 2 months. Every time you need to monitor its condition. After a five-centimeter sprout appears, the pot is exposed to light and heat.

How to care for a plant during forcing

Many gardeners, for the sake of their experience in growing flowering bulbous crops, assure that caring for hyacinths will not bring much trouble. The main methods are: watering and feeding. Do it right and in a timely manner.

Irrigation

Here you need to apply the rules for watering corms. Irrigation should be moderate, but complete drying should not be allowed. It is important that water does not get on the shoulders of the bulb, in the axils of the leaves and on the bud, therefore it is watered from a small watering can with a narrow opening so that the water supply force is minimal.

The rest of the water from the pan must be poured out so that it does not soak back and does not damage the roots.

Fertilizer

After the bud has hatched, the plant is fed. The second time the minerals are applied after the complete death of the foliage.The purpose of top dressing is the development of a large and beautiful flower, and in the post-flowering period, providing the bulb with nutrients for the dormant period. You can even spray dormant bulbs with a solution of potash-phosphorus fertilizers.

Hyacinth is watered with any mineral complex for flowering ornamental plants. The complex must contain potassium and phosphorus. In addition, twice a month the plant is watered with growth stimulants.

Important! Fertilizer should be diluted according to the instructions attached to the package in compliance with all dosages. It is applied mainly in the evening after irrigation of the soil.

Nuances of care after flowering

After the hyacinth fades and its peduncle dries up, the plant also needs care, but it has a number of nuances:

Irrigation should be significantly reduced, one might say, stop altogether. It is important here that the above-ground part dry out.
When the green mass is completely withered, it is cut off.
The bulb is dug out of the soil, cleaned of the remnants of the substrate, cut off the roots. This procedure falls on June.
The bulb should be carefully inspected for signs of pests and infection.
The next step is disinfection.

After completing these steps, the hyacinth bulbs are removed for aging in a dark place while maintaining a temperature of 17 degrees. You can save planting material in the cellar, basement, refrigerator.

What diseases and pests are dangerous for a flower

In conditions of non-observance of growing conditions, hyacinth is exposed to diseases:

If the pot is located in a draft, strong sun, the leaves may turn yellow.
Low air humidity, excessive watering, poor quality soil, lack of drainage cause the whole plant to turn yellow.
If water falls on the buds during irrigation, they will crumble.
If you keep the bulb at a temperature above 17 degrees during the dormant period, then the peduncle will be underdeveloped, and the flowers will be clumsy.
If the hyacinth leans, is in a shaky state, then the roots rot due to waterlogging.

This can be avoided by doing the right thing. In addition to such situations, pests may occur, which are thrips, nematodes, aphids. It is enough to carry out the treatment with Fitoverma solution.

Reproduction rules

Hyacinth is propagated by cuttings and transplanting daughters. After digging hyacinth bulbs to rest, daughter appendages are visible on the mother liquor. They are carefully separated and planted again in the ground. Grow to full size, carrying out similar care. The young onion is sent to rest after the first flowering.

If for some reason babies do not form, a new generation of hyacinths can be reproduced by rooting the leaf plate. After the leaves grow, but always before the flowers bloom, they are cut off at the base. The cut is treated with "Kornevin", and then planted in the soil, covered with a film.

The first sprouts will appear after 1.5 months. They should be grown to a normal size, and only after digging for storage.

How long does a hyacinth live in a pot?

Lifetimes when forcing in room conditions are quite short. Each time, the bulb becomes obsolete, as artificial growth-accelerating conditions are created for it.

Usually purchased specimens become unusable after the first flowering, but flower growers do not allow the bulb to die by cutting off the dried flower and leaves, leaving it for growing to give the bulb to stock up on nutrients.

Another option for extending life is planting in open ground in the fall. In this case, the hyacinth will bloom again in the second year. Hyacinths live in nature for a long time, while acquiring root appendages. Hyacinths are flowering bulbous plants.

It's nice to see them in the store. Tiny pot, but the flower is twice as big. This effect is achieved by forcing the peduncle. The gift is ideal, but at home, the procedure requires certain knowledge and time, and sometimes it is not possible to achieve such results.