How to grow peanuts at home in the garden and in a pot: planting and care with video

Peanuts are a nutritious food with an incredible taste and aroma. Many people are still convinced that peanuts grow on trees or bushes. Spicy annual nuts are a prominent representative of the legume family. The culture received the original name "ground" nut, since the fruits ripen in the soil. Therefore, if a person wants to have his own peanut plantations, he must know how to grow peanuts.

Types and varieties of peanuts for cultivation

The peanut, which belongs to the legume family, has up to 100 plant species.Due to the characteristics of the culture, it is grown mainly in areas of South America. Only two types of peanuts are suitable for cultivation in the country - Pinto and cultivated. The number of plants is divided into 4 groups.

Spanish

Also called the Spanish nut. The main feature is the increased oil content, unlike other varieties. Spanish kernels are medium in size, covered with a pink-brown skin. It is an excellent raw material for the manufacture of candied, s alted nuts and butter.

Valencia

The group is represented by varieties with large fruits. The plant can reach a height of 1.2 m. There are not two nuts in one shell, as in other groups, but 3 at once. The seeds in the box are oblong and covered with bright red husks.

Runner

The palatability of the representatives of the Runner group is several times superior to the varieties of Spanish and Valencia.Fruits are more amenable to frying and give high yields. The peanut is very large and stands out for its elongation. Grown for making s alted beer nuts and peanut butter.

Virginia

Considered the highest quality product among other representatives. Before going on sale, Virginia goes through a rigorous selection process. The largest fruits are left and used for making confectionery.

Preparing peanuts for planting

Unroasted peanuts are selected for further cultivation, the fruits of which have reached technical maturity. A handful of nuts is poured over two glasses of cold water and left overnight. The place where the peanuts are soaked should be away from sunlight and well ventilated.

In the morning after soaking, the seeds are washed and dried. At night, the peanuts are again filled with water. The cycle of soaking and drying is repeated 3 times.

If a bulge appears at the top of the grain, it means that the product is ready to be planted in the soil.

Scheme and sowing depth

The sowing procedure is quite simple:

1. It is necessary to prepare a container for plants and fill the substrate.
2. One seed is placed in the center of the box and covered with earth. At the same time, the depth is not more than 2.5 cm.
3. To make the plant sprout faster and feel more comfortable, the container is covered with cling film or glass on top.

A self-made greenhouse must be periodically ventilated so that oxygen enters the soil and the earth can dry out a little. This is a kind of prevention of the appearance of the fungus. If the first leaves appear above the soil, the shelter is removed, and the seedling container itself is taken out to a permanent place. After that, care for growing peanuts begins.

Walnut sprouting methods

There are a lot of tricks that allow you to grow a product yourself. It can be a window sill, a balcony, a cottage or a piece of land near the house. They all require the right approach.

In a home growing pot

If it was decided to cultivate peanuts at home, you need to start with the selection of containers. It should be spacious and fairly stable. This avoids hanging shoots along the edges of the pot, which is unacceptable for the culture. The formation of fruits occurs after the appearance of flowers.

In a container for further planting in the ground

If the sowing of peanuts takes place in the country, use the square-nest method. The scheme is 60 x 60 or 70 x 70 cm. In one nest, from 5 to 6 peanut bushes develop at once. Sowing can be carried out with a wide-row method.

At the same time, there should be at least 70 cm of free space between rows, 20 cm between bushes. Peanuts are laid to a depth of 7-8 cm.

Representative of legumes can be planted by seedling method, and not only by direct sowing in the ground. The grown plant is planted in the soil and cared for. The container for sprouts should be small. These can be separate cups for each seed or a large container for several seedlings.

The most important thing in this method is the ability to transplant a sprout with an earthy clod. This becomes necessary, as there is a possibility of damage to the peanut root system. When performing the procedure, you must be careful and follow the steps.

In the greenhouse

Considered the easiest way to grow peanuts. It is better to plant a nut together with tomatoes, because they are not only good neighbors, but also contribute to the development and growth of each other.So that the culture does not need space and light, it is planted closer to the glass. In greenhouse conditions, you need to ensure that the peanut stalks do not lie on the soil. To do this, they are tied up. During the growing season they manage with only 1 hilling, and in the fall they harvest.

We plant immediately in the soil

Sowing in an open way is carried out in the month of May, when it will be warm enough outside. The earth must be warmed up to a temperature of +15 ° C and not lower. The best predecessors for peanuts are gourds.

As a rule, the landing time is in the middle of May. For favorable seed germination, the likelihood of a return of frost is completely excluded. Such weather conditions are considered detrimental to the culture.

While sowing crops in the garden, use whole or half beans. If there are leaves left, they are thrown into the hole along with the cores. This technology allows you to populate the plant's root system with useful mushrooms.

Necessary conditions for growing

Proper development of the bush and rapid growth depend on a person's compliance with the conditions of agricultural technology. Regardless of the place of cultivation - a window sill, a greenhouse, a summer house or open ground, the plant should feel good. If this is a room in the house, it must be moderately lit and periodically ventilated.

Lighting

Peanut is a tropical dweller, so it needs proper lighting. To do this, you need to increase the daylight hours for the plant. If the lighting conditions were violated, this will affect the culture itself. Lack of light is the reason for poor crop growth.

Optimal temperature conditions

Culture feels great at a temperature of +30 °C. Permissible low value - +20 °C. If the mark is set below +15 °C or above +30 °C, the plant may die.

Humidity level

The peanut needs a lot of moisture during flowering and fruit formation. But stagnant water should not be. A large amount of water in September is undesirable, as it prevents the fruit from ripening.

Soil composition

Peanuts love neutral, light and moderately moist soils. The earth should contain magnesium, calcium and humus. It is better to take sandy loam or black soil for growing beans.

If the area allocated for planting peanuts has acidic soil, it must be limed. This is done in advance in the autumn by digging up the earth and introducing humus into it. In the spring, it is also necessary to process the future plot of land for peanuts.

Complete care from seedling to first harvest

After planting the beans in the ground, they move on to the next stage of cultivation - caring for the crops. For normal growth and development, the culture should not need water, light and fertilizers. This is the only way to get a peanut crop.

Fertilizers for soil nutrition

After planting, time must pass so that the sprouts can grow up to 10 cm in height. At this time, the first feeding is carried out. The composition can be bought at a specialized store or prepared independently. At the beginning of fruiting, you can re-fertilize, but this is not necessary.

Plant Formation

As a rule, a plant rarely needs human help at the time of the formation of a bush. If the tops of the shoots cannot reach the ground and dig in, the nut will not be able to ripen. To this end, the branches are bent or a container with earth is hung near each flower.

Protection from pests and diseases

Peanuts are occasionally attacked by various pests and diseases. To minimize the likelihood of insects appearing on the beds, it is necessary to observe crop rotation and the rules of agricultural technology. These are the simplest control measures. Weeds are sources of disease, so they are removed from the site.

Irrigation

This procedure is a kind of watering. Irrigation is carried out as the soil dries out. There is no clear number of times how many times you can water. The best method of adding moisture to the soil is drip irrigation.

Peanut ripening dates

The amount of time that passes from planting to harvesting peanuts takes no more than 6-7 months. If the peanut stops blooming and growth stops, this indicates that the nuts are beginning to ripen. At the same time, the leaves on the stems still turn yellow and dry out. The second half of September is the period when nuts are dug up.

Yield and collection

Each bush forms about 30 boxes with nuts. The amount varies depending on the peanut variety. When the fruits are removed from the garden, they try to dig up the plant with a pitchfork.After collecting the bushes, the beans, along with the stems, are dried in shady and ventilated places. If the shell crunches and cracks when pressed, then the peanuts can be cut off and poured into containers for further storage. It usually takes up to 2 weeks to dry.

Nuts should be stored in a dry place so that they do not become damp, as this spoils their taste. If tightened with the collection, the beans become tart and bitter. Therefore, a person is required to be attentive and follow the rules of agricultural technology in order to get a harvest of delicious fruits.

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