Hungarian plum: description of varieties and characteristics, planting, cultivation and care

A type of plum called Hungarian combines a number of varieties of this crop, and due to its high yield, unsurpassed taste, it is widely popular both among beginner lovers of fruit trees and gardeners with many years of experience. Hungarian has excellent frost resistance, therefore, an enviable adaptability to certain climatic conditions makes it possible to grow it in regions with low temperatures.

Characteristic features of the Hungarian plum

Varieties of this variety of plum, brought to Russia from Hungary, are almost ubiquitous, and each region has its own zoned species of these fruit and berry trees.

External tree description

Medium-sized trees, reaching a height of 3-4.5 meters, with a slightly elongated crown, typically oval or pyramidal in shape. Shoots close to each other are indicated by a characteristic red-brown color. The vitality of these plum trees has been observed for 25-30 years.

Fruits and timing of harvest

Hungarian plum tree fruits have the following distinctive features:

large sizes - up to 6 centimeters long and about 4-5 centimeters in diameter;
elongated, slightly oval shape;
asymmetric view - on the one hand, the lobule of the fruit is convex, on the other - flattened and smaller;
rich dark color - with a bluish, lilac-violet tint;
greyish-smoky wax coating;
rough to the touch, easily separated from the pulp bone;
juicy inside with elastic structure.

Self-fertile varieties are characterized by high yields, late fruiting. From the beginning of planting, the first fruiting of the tree occurs only after 6-8 years. In modern hybrids - after 4 years.

Plum ripening dates vary - mid-ripening varieties are ready for harvesting in the last ten days of August, while late types of Hungarian are harvested until the end of September.

Frost and drought resistance

Trees do not die during periods of prolonged drought, and also easily tolerate 20-degree frosts.

Immunity to diseases and insects

The described type of plum has a high immunity to diseases and pests. But still, one should not forget about the prevention of diseases of this horticultural crop.

Popular Hungarian varieties

Many varieties of the described type of plum, due to their characteristic features and individual characteristics, can grow in certain climatic conditions.

For example, the popular domestic plum, which is a classic of the Hungarian type of this crop, loves loamy soil and the southern regions of Russia.

Moscow (Tsaritsynskaya)

The oldest variety of Hungarian, zoned under the Central region of Russia. Trees of this plum variety are characterized by:

certain height (up to 3 meters);
spherical sprawling crown;
late maturity and fruiting for 7-8 years;
violet-red fruit, weighing up to 30 grams each;
self-fertile and high yield.

The fruits of this variety are small in size and have an ordinary taste.

Korneevskaya

This type of plum is zoned under the region of the Central Black Earth; is:

medium-sized tree, reaching a height of 4 meters;
self-fertile and starting its first fruiting at year 4;
culture with oval deep purple plums and yellow interior;
high-yielding hybrid variety with fruits weighing up to 30 grams.

Received the name in honor of its creator - the scientist Korneev.

Pulkovskaya

The variety is highly winter hardy, suitable for cultivation in the Leningrad region and is characterized by:

a certain height - up to 3-4 meters;
spreading crown;
burgundy-red color of the fruits themselves with splashes, weighing up to 25 grams each;
fruit with sweet and sour aftertaste;
excellent yield.
highly resistant to clasterosporiosis disease.

Kuban

Plum variety - vigorous and relatively resistant to cold, drought and diseases. A variety has been bred for growing in the Krasnodar Territory and Adygea. Trees have:

voluminous spherical fruits, up to 35 grams each;
greenish-yellow flesh in fruits of dark gray color;
long and thick stem;
fruiting 6 years after planting;
sufficient yield.

New

The variety is suitable for growing in the Lower Volga region and the North Caucasus. The described view has the following features:

resistance to cold and drought;
susceptibility to attack by the pest - codling moth;
short;
low yield.

Oval shaped fruits with blue skins have delicious and juicy flesh.

Belarusian

This variety has:

medium stature - the length of the tree reaches 3.5 meters;
crown thickening;
large, purple fruits, 40 grams each;
orange flesh - sour taste;
fruiting 3 years after planting.

Variety is only partially self-fertile.

Italian

Heat-loving variety and very vulnerable. Growing in dry areas, sheds ovaries, in regions with cold temperatures it can freeze. Trees have:

sufficient height - up to 5 meters;
volumetric crown;
dark blue, sweet fruits;
excellent fruiting.

Amazing

This plum variety was bred in Ukraine and grows there. This variety corresponds to:

low frost resistance;
need for pollinators - the variety is not self-fertile;
great taste of purple teardrop-shaped fruits;
weight of each fruit - up to 30 grams;
bone easily separated from the pulp.

Donetsk

The described plum variety is different:

high cold resistance;
early fruiting - about 4 years from planting;
self-fertile;
medium, slightly pointed fruits, up to 30 grams each.

Voronezhskaya

This plum variety needs pollinators. The Voronezh variety is peculiar to:

fruiting for year 5;
medium cold hardiness;
crop ripening in the first decade of September;
late leaf fall;
quick recovery after freezing;
large purple fruits, up to 35 grams each;
sweet pulp.

Michurinskaya

The variety is ideal for processing plums into juice or making baby food from it. The variety is zoned for the Southern territories and the Central Black Earth region. Small fruits have tender and juicy pulp.

Important! The tree needs props, both in winter, due to snow, and during the fruiting period, due to the abundance of fruits.

Bogatyrskaya

In this variety, the branches extend from the trunk at a right angle, so they can break during the fruiting period. Trees have the following features:

weather resistant;
fruiting for year 5;
high yield;
round fruits weighing up to 40 grams;
sweet and sour aftertaste.

Common

The common Hungarian variety grows in the South and in Central Russia. A culture with a powerful crown and voluminous fruits up to 45 grams, rarely gets sick and has a yield of up to 60, or even more, kilograms per year.

Dubovskaya

The variety is zoned for the Volgograd region and is different:

tall;
medium cold hardiness;
small fruits;
fruiting 5 years after planting;
partial self-fertility;
sweet and sour fruit taste.

Pear-shaped

Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Volga region and Siberia are the main regions of growth of this variety of plum. The variety is designated by the following distinctive features:

characteristic influx in the stalk area, similar in appearance to a pear;
fruits of red color - weighing up to 35 grams;
up to 5 meters tall;
resistance to frost, diseases and pests.

Ural

The variety is zoned for the climatic conditions of the Urals. The name contains the word Hungarian, in fact, the variety refers to Canadian plums.

Hungarian

A species that combines all varieties, with a high yield, which came to the Balkans, presumably from Asia. Used to make prunes.

Features of planting and crop care

The culture is unpretentious in care, but still the process of growing plums is laborious and may require some knowledge and skills from the gardener.

Choosing a seat

Plum is a heat-loving crop, which is why planting Hungarian in the lowlands, on damp and little sun-warmed soils, is not recommended. Plum trees grow well on hills, in sufficiently lit places, without winds and drafts. The southern and western sides of the garden plot are especially suitable for planting plum seedlings.

Soil Requirements

For the normal development of this type of plum, loose soils with sufficient acidity will be required. The root system of these trees is located at a depth of up to 0.4 meters, and therefore the depth of groundwater should not exceed half a meter.

Seedling selection

Special attention should be paid to seedlings, the root system of which should be young, strong, without signs of dryness. The bark of young trees should not have any damage, and the trunk should not have bifurcations.

Landing

For planting plums, it is necessary to prepare a hole with a depth and width of 0.6 / 0.7 meters. Then proceed with the following step-by-step actions:

drive a peg into the center of the hole;
mix the fertile layer of soil taken out when digging a hole with humus;
at the bottom make a small mound of the above mixture of soil and humus;
raise the seedling on a mound, straighten all its roots, and tie the trunk to a peg;
to the planting soil, consisting of fertile soil with humus, in the spring, add components in the form of superphosphate, potassium s alt, ash in the ratio of 300/60/400 grams;
fill the hole, lightly tamper.

For the normal rooting of the plum, the soil after planting must be spilled with water (3 buckets).

Water frequency

The described culture is moisture-loving, therefore, at the time of formation of ovaries and ripening of fruits, it needs watering. In order for the fruits not to fall off and dry, the soil under the trees must be moistened every season - up to 6 times, once pouring 4-5 buckets into the near-trunk circle.

Feeding a young and mature tree

Every year, with the onset of the spring period, when digging the soil, it is necessary to apply certain fertilizers containing nitrogen and natural organic matter, as well as phosphorus and potassium, to the near-stem circle of the plum tree.

Caring for the trunk circle

In order for the tree in the area of the root collar not to rot, and not to freeze in winter, it needs some care for the near-stem circle. The soil should be regularly loosened, moistened, and mulched with manure after harvesting.

Plum crown formation

Annually, it is necessary to resort to the so-called regulating pruning, during which young and weak shoots that thicken the crown must be removed.

Mulching

Such an action in the spring will help to quickly activate the vital activity of the plum after wintering. To do this, it is necessary to lay a layer of compost or humus in the trunk circle. In the fall, after harvesting leaves and branches, it is necessary to lay rotted manure in the near-trunk circle to preserve moisture for the entire winter period.

Covering for the winter

If a harsh winter is expected, young plums must be covered - using, for example, old bags, tying plum trunks with them, using rags. Sprinkle mature trees in the trunk circle with earth and sawdust.