Vaccination of chickens: scheme and rules at home for chickens and broilers, table

Timely vaccination of chickens is considered the key to their he alth. Thanks to the correct implementation of the necessary vaccinations, it is possible to protect birds from many infectious and viral pathologies. At the same time, many poultry farmers ignore this important event, which leads to dangerous consequences. As a result, the productivity of birds decreases or even their death occurs.

Why should chickens and adult birds be vaccinated?

Vaccination is considered the most effective way to prevent various diseases. Moreover, the prevention of pathologies is much easier than their treatment.

Vaccination can be specific or non-specific. In the first case, the implementation of vaccinations is aimed at preventing infection. In the second, measures are being taken to stop the spread of the disease in a timely manner.

Quite often, vaccines have to be administered already in the first days of chicks' life. However, a more accurate schedule should be made by a veterinarian. With the help of the introduction of special drugs, it is possible to prevent smallpox, Newcastle and Marek's disease and many other ailments.

What vaccinations are given?

The procedure is performed by different methods. All vaccinations are divided into 2 categories - specific and non-specific.

Specific

This term refers to vaccinations that are performed using special medicines. To do this, dead or weak strains of microorganisms are introduced into the bird's body. This leads to the synthesis of antibodies.This type of vaccination is used on large farms with a significant number of livestock.

Non-specific

This is a standard technique based on preventive measures. It is as follows:

• introducing vitamins into the diet;
• isolation of infected chickens;
• bird he alth assessment;
• quarantine of chicks and newly bought individuals;
• treatment if disease develops.

This method requires the poultry farmer to pay more attention to chickens. Therefore, it is usually used for small farms. In the case of non-specific vaccination, antibodies are not synthesized in the body of birds. The procedure is aimed at strengthening immunity and increasing resistance to diseases.

What is vaccinated against

Vaccination is aimed at preventing various diseases. In some cases, a single injection of the drug is enough, in others, drugs are used constantly.

On an ongoing basis

In such a situation, medicines are recommended to be administered annually. In some cases, it is necessary to use a complex of different means that are used in the early stages. It is very difficult to determine the exact timing of vaccinations. When choosing them, one should take into account the general incidence rates in the farm and the region.

From bronchial infections

This category of pathologies includes different types of infectious bronchitis. The disease provokes a decrease in the general tone of birds. As a result, there is a decrease in weight and egg production parameters. Pathology is life-threatening for birds.

Vaccination is recommended in several stages:

• at 5 weeks use Intervent MAS/clone mixed with clean water;
• at 8 weeks Intervent IB4/91 is introduced - it is also diluted in water;
• at 10 weeks Intervent MAspas/clone 30 is administered by injection;
• apply Fort Dodge IB Primer D274 at week 11;
• birds use Intervent IBmulti+ND+ED before selling.

From Salmonella

Salmonellosis is considered one of the most common diseases among domestic chickens. The infection is transmitted through the oviduct and is dangerous to the human body. It is worth administering the vaccine against the disease repeatedly:

• on day 1-2 of life give Lohmann TAD VacE, which is mixed with water;
• at 6 weeks it is recommended to use the same medicine;
• last dose before sale or one month before slaughter.

From the plague

This vaccine is given at 3-6 weeks. The procedure is recommended to be repeated every year. For vaccination, a 20% suspension of formol-hydroxyl-aluminum serum is used. There is also a more expensive and effective formol-embryo-vaccine, which is used at the same age.

From adenovirus

This infection provokes a decrease in egg production. To prevent infection with the virus, Intervent IBmulti+ND+ED is administered. It is used only for chickens after 2-2.5 months.

One time

The body's resistance to specific strains of bacterial microorganisms and viruses can be maintained for life. For this, a single use of the vaccine is enough. In this situation, the immune system "remembers" the pests.When confronted with them, blood cells neutralize the danger before the infection spreads. It is important to get vaccinated on time.

Coccidiosis

It is worth vaccinating against this disease immediately after the birth of a chicken. In industrial incubators, birds are vaccinated on the first day. At an older age, the vaccine will not give results. For the procedure, coccidiostatic drugs are used. They are added to bird food.

Newcastle disease

Today, the same serum is used to prevent the disease as to prevent bronchial pathologies - Intervent MAspas/clone 30. The drug is injected.

Laryngotracheitis

For the prevention of the disease, Merial Nemovac is administered by mixing with water. The vaccine is given at 9-10 weeks of age. The causative agent of laryngotracheitis is resistant to primary antibodies of birds.Therefore, at the time of the introduction of the vaccine, the chicken must be completely he althy. Otherwise, the risk of infection is high.

Marek's disease

Only incubator vaccination helps to prevent Marek's disease. It is done immediately after the chicks are born or no later than the first day of life.

How to choose a vaccine

To choose an effective drug, you need to take into account many criteria. Only in this case, vaccination will be effective.

General parameters

Vaccinations for laying hens can be mandatory or optional. In the second case, the decision on the advisability of vaccination depends on the following factors:

• opinion of the poultry farmer - the desire for precautions or the tendency to save;
• where to buy birds;
• purpose of breeding birds;
• epidemiological situation in the region.

Human factor

If a farmer is thrifty, he is willing to take some risk. In such a situation, only mandatory vaccines are given. It is important to monitor the condition of the birds so as not to miss the development of the disease. Coping with the disease at the initial stage is much easier.

Be sure to be honest with your customers. They should be informed about the vaccinations given to the chickens.

If the poultry farmer wants to protect his livestock from diseases as much as possible, it is worth doing optional vaccinations.

Farm location

If there is no certain infection on the farm and in the area, it is not necessary to be vaccinated against it. To determine the list of dangerous diseases, you should contact the appropriate authority - the state veterinary clinic.It is there that you can get information on the prevalence of pathologies among birds.

It's worth checking out the diseases that occur in neighboring areas. Chickens have a fast metabolism. Because they get sick very quickly. This means that the infection can quickly spread to the surrounding area. In such a situation, it is recommended to play it safe.

Productive orientation of chicks

The list of vaccines for laying hens and broiler breeds is different. Meat varieties of birds do not need to be vaccinated against adenovirus, because this infection leads to a decrease in egg production.

It should be borne in mind that among meat breeds, the disease spreads faster. They live in tighter conditions than egg hens. The list of specific vaccinations depends on specific characteristics.

Purchase location

Vaccination issue can be resolved when buying chickens. If they are purchased from a poultry farm, you can be sure that the required minimum vaccinations have been carried out.

If birds are bought from individuals in small farms, it is worth focusing on their conscientiousness. Therefore, the question of the availability of vaccinations must be clarified in advance. It should be borne in mind that well-grown and fully vaccinated chickens cannot be cheap.

Calculating the dosage of vaccines and the amount of water

The number of doses of the drug should match the number of birds on the farm. Part of the drug will be lost in the medicator and the water supply line. Therefore, it is worth increasing the volume by 300-700 doses per house.

Calculating the number of vaccines is not that difficult. If you need to inoculate 23,500 chickens, you should take 6 vials of the drug for 4000 doses. As a result, 24,000 doses will be required per house.

To get the amount of water, you need to use the formula. To do this, the number of chicks should be multiplied by their age in days and by 1.6. The last figure is the percentage of input on the dispenser.

The calculation of the required amount of clean water should be carried out by a veterinarian or a qualified he alth care provider. This is done right in the chicken coop before making the solution.

How to vaccinate chickens and hens?

In order to vaccinate chickens and broilers at home, you need to focus on many factors. The table shows a graph by age from different diseases:

Marek's disease1-3 daysSalmonellosis1-2 daysCoccidiosis 5-7 daysGumboro disease20-25 daysInfectious bursitis28-30 daysNewcastle disease 5 weeksSalmonella Enterica6 weeksMycoplasmosis7 weeksInfectious rhinotracheitis 9 weeksInfectious encephalomyelitis13 weeksE. colibefore sale over 2 months of ageEgg Drop Syndrome2-2.5 months olderInfectious bronchitis

7-8 weeks

Some pathologies require repeated administration of the drug. To avoid the development of ailments, you need to carefully study the instructions and consult with an experienced doctor.

Sample vaccination schedule for poultry

To achieve good results during vaccination, it is necessary to strictly follow the sequence of drug administration.

Intramuscular

With the introduction of the drug by this method, it will not be possible to do without an assistant. Intramuscularly, funds are used to reduce egg production and Marek's disease. To carry out the procedure, you should perform the following actions:

1. Prepare the preparation. It needs to be pulled out of the ice and the daily dose of the drug must be drawn into the insulin syringe.
2. Fix the bird so it cannot escape.
3. Find an insertion area on the chest. Usually the injection is performed 2.5-4 centimeters from the keel bone.
4. Wipe the area with a cotton pad dipped in alcohol.
5. Insert the syringe at a 45 degree angle. The depth should be 1-1.5 millimeters. Gently press down on the plunger to ensure a smooth injection of the substance.
6. When a drop of blood appears, decontaminate the injection area again.

Instillation into the eyes of a chicken, laying hen, chicken

When using the tool with this method, do the following:

1. Prepare the medicine. Remove the drug and solvent from the vial, then pipette them.
2. Fix the chick, paying attention to the head.
3. Drip 0.03 ml of the drug into the eyes.
4. Hold the chick so that the solution enters the body.

Dilution in water

In this case, do the following:

1. At a certain time before vaccination, you should get rid of drinkers. By the time the drug is injected, the birds should be thirsty.
2. Mix the drug with water according to the instructions.
3. Immediately after this, give the chickens access to the drinker.
4. Make sure that the chickens drink the solution in 1.5-2 hours, otherwise it will become ineffective.

Using a sprayer

To implement this method, you should do the following:

1. Dilute the substance according to the instructions. For 100 chickens, about 50 milliliters of water will be required.
2. Sprinkle the chicks using a coarse or fine mist.
3. Make sure that the agent gets on all the birds.

This method is often used on large farms as it helps to plant an impressive number of birds.

Injecting the drug into the wing

To carry out the procedure, you should do the following:

1. Prepare the vaccine.
2. Fix the chicken. To do this, hold your head with your thumb, and move the wing aside with your middle and index fingers.
3. Wipe the injection site with alcohol.
4. Place at a 30 degree angle. It is recommended to press the piston very slowly.
5. There is a risk of a bubble appearing in the injection area. It will go away on its own over time.

Monitoring vaccination results

In the poultry industry, the quality of the vaccine is invariably controlled. To do this, follow these steps:

1. Take 20 chickens from different locations.
2. Check the shade of the tongue - it should be blue.
3. Vaccination is considered completed if at least 90% of the birds have a blue tint to the crop and tongue.

Empty containers containing the vaccine should be boiled for half an hour. After that, they are recommended to be disposed of. If the drug remains, it should be removed in the cold.

Vaccination of chickens is a very important event that helps to avoid many problems. With the help of the correct and timely administration of drugs, it is possible to protect birds from dangerous diseases and maintain their productivity.

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