How to properly cut a hazel in the fall: ways to form a crown, diagram
The fruitfulness of the trees of the garden depends on their care. It includes the formation of the crown by trimming. You need to know when and how to cut the hazel correctly, in autumn or spring, in order to collect fruits from it regularly and in a timely manner. Begin the procedure by determining the purpose of the operation. Indeed, in addition to the desire to make a tree well-groomed, pruning can increase the yield of nuts, increase the life expectancy of a tree.
When to prune
The regularity of pruning and crown formation in the care of hazel, hazelnuts plays an important role. But here it is necessary to determine the timing of the procedure. The operation is carried out immediately after planting the hazel.Therefore, the first operation is prescribed for this period of time. If spring is chosen for planting, then they begin to shorten the shoot after planting in the fall.
But the best time to plant hazel will be autumn. A seedling is planted 3-4 weeks before the start of the first frost. Then the first pruning of a young seedling is carried out in early spring. In subsequent years, the bush is shaped, rejuvenated after it has shed its foliage.
You need to study the scheme of each type of pruning so that it benefits the plant, not harm.
Post-plant pruning
A well-rooted hazel seedling awakens earlier than other crops. In the first year of life to be removed:
- root offspring;
- side shoots;
- branches on which the buds are located inside the crown.
If you do not prune after planting, the hazel will grow more slowly and bear fruit later. The operation to remove the shoots is needed in order to balance the aerial part of the hazel and the root system. After pruning, the plant directs the force to the growth and development of the roots, their strengthening. The smaller the root system, the more it is necessary to cut the hazel. Extended roots enhance the nutrition of the tree, increasing the yield of the crop.
A young seedling must be processed after the procedure. Sections - with a solution of potassium permanganate, garden pitch.
Pruning in the first 4-6 years
On the 4-5th year of life, the nut begins to bear fruit. By this time, it is necessary to complete the formation of the crown of hazel, hazelnuts. Choose a standard type of tree formation for hazel. This tree is easier to care for. The compactness of the crown allows you to place several plants in a small area.A feature of pruning will be that the branches will receive enough light, air.
Begin to trim the hazel after the leaves have fallen. The conductors must be shortened by 50%. So they get a spherical shape, keeping the height of the tree at 3 meters. Shoots growing from the side must be shortened, leaving 3 buds.
During the fruiting period, summer is used to remove powerful side shoots. They are simply broken, and when they dry, they are removed. After such work, the kidneys will mature faster.
A hazelnut is left in the form of a bush if it is grown for a hedge or other decoration of the site. Leaving up to 12 shoots on a hazel, they form a lush shrub. But there will be fewer fruits on it, and their taste will be different from ordinary nuts.
Annual shaping pruning
The scheme of forming pruning is different depending on what kind of crown they want to see in hazel, hazelnut:
- Shrubs with a boat are obtained by removing branches that grow inside the crown. 1/3 is left at the central shoots, the rest is cut out. Branches on the side are rejected, tying to stakes. Can be connected by tying 2-3 trees side by side.
- Interesting vase-shaped hazel. Intertwining, inwardly growing branches must be cut off, and the main ones must be shortened by 1 kidney. Powerful side shoots should be deflected a little to the sides.
- Spherical shape is most suitable for a tree. It is created by leaving the main shoots at a height of 3-4 meters, and shortening the side shoots.
- Spruce species are thinned out, leaving a certain number of branches thickening the hazel. It is enough to leave 6-8 trunks, and more - up to 12, leave in warm areas. The more branches, the smaller the yields.
Before starting the operation of removing branches and shortening, a sharp tool is prepared, the blades of which are treated with disinfectant solutions. Cut off the shoots above the bud growing outward.
To increase nut yields, half of each side shoot is removed in the fall. From the shoots that appeared in the spring, strong branches are selected, and the rest are cut out. The operation will be successful if it is carried out before the flowering of hazel, hazelnuts.
To lighten the crown, thinning of the shoots inside it is done every year. So the wood will be better illuminated, the air circulates freely. And a hazel with a clarified crown will look better.
Aging pruning
Common hazelnuts live a long time. But the old tree will not produce many fruits, so you need to rejuvenate the hazel. In a bush aged 15-20 years, 1-2 branches should be removed every year, replacing them with young powerful stems.
In autumn, you can remove all old shoots, leaving young shoots from which a new plant is formed.The process will go faster if drying is carried out every year, breaking off the ends of strong shoots by 3-5 centimeters. And in the fall, the dried tips are cut off, taking 2-3 buds from a he althy branch.
Rejuvenate the crown with sanitary procedures, removing damaged, weak shoots. The hazel inside the bush does not need branches that grow incorrectly, perpendicular to other stems. Don't be afraid to cut them.
But you can't cut everything. Those who grow hazel for its fruit should leave branches with female buds, which are found mostly at the ends of the branches. It is better to carry out the operation on weak, damaged branches.
If the care work is carried out regularly, then the hazel bushes will become a true decoration of the garden. And properly selected varieties of hazel will delight you with high fruit yields.
After the operation, the plant needs proper care. The soil around is mulched with humus to a height of 7-8 centimeters after watering. So the hazel will overwinter better.
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