Shallots: description of varieties, cultivation and care with photos

Shallots can be grown in one or two years by planting seeds or sets. Greens and onions contain many useful components, so in addition to a pleasant taste, you can improve your he alth. Growing and caring has some features, if followed, you can get a rich and he althy harvest.

Description of culture

Shallot is a type of onion. The people call it differently: forty-tooth, nesting, family, kushchovka. The difference between shallots and onion vegetables is in the following characteristics:

more green feathers in deep green with a waxy coating;
many small bulbs are formed in one nest;
each head is elongated;
harvest better and last longer;
the soil for planting shallots should be fertile, dense;
almost all varieties are early ripening, begin to ripen after 70 days;
you can cut a plant for greenery already a month after planting;
most shallots do not cause tears when cut;
taste of inner flakes without bitterness and sharpness, with a sweet aftertaste.

The pulp of shallots has a delicate texture, without a hint of bitterness. The greens are tender and juicy. Vegetables are most often added to salads.The green mass can grow up to 40 cm in height. From 2 to 18 bulbs are formed in the nest. The more bulbs, the smaller their size. The average turnip weight is 30 g.

Shallot varieties

All varieties of shallots are divided into three large groups, which differ in terms of harvest ripening. Popular varieties of different crop maturation periods:

early ripe varieties include: Delicacy, Belozerets, Sprint, Family, Banana, Cascade;
medium varieties of shallots: Airat, Knyazhich, Chapaevsky, Seryozhka, Andreika, Kuban, Russian violet;
late maturing varieties are: Vonsky, Bargalinsky, Krepysh, Siberian Amber.

There is another classification, where shallots are divided into three groups according to taste: sweet, spicy and semi-sweet.

The Shrike onion variety belongs to the early ripe group of plants. Bulbs are formed in an elongated shape up to 10 cm in length, 2.5 cm in diameter. Up to 10 bulbs can form in a large nest. The upper layer of dry scales is colored red-violet, the inside is light purple. The heads taste juicy with a sweet-spicy aftertaste. The feather is thin, stretches up to 35 cm, it tastes juicy and tender.

Shallot White Queen is distinguished by the early ripening of turnips. About 10 bulbs of a round-oblong shape are formed in the nest, weighing up to 70 g. Dry scales are white-cream in color, the flesh is snow-white. The taste is sweet-spicy, juicy. The variety multiplies quickly, rarely gets sick, the harvested crop is stored for a long time.

Description of the variety of shallots Belozerets 94: characterized by the early boundaries of turnip ripening, 78 days have passed from the day of planting. Bulbs of a sharp taste, weighing up to 30 g. The shape is round-oval. Dry scales of a purple hue. The variety is characterized by high yield, excellent keeping quality and good disease resistance.

Shallot: useful properties

Useful properties of shallots are determined by the high content of vitamins (especially vitamin C) and minerals. Regular consumption of this vegetable improves the functioning of internal organs and the whole organism as a whole:

blood pressure normalizes;
the walls of blood vessels are strengthened;
lower cholesterol levels;
immunity increases;
improves the functioning of the digestive organs;
destroyed pathogenic flora;
improves eyesight.

The vegetable contains antioxidants that remove toxins and bad cholesterol from the body. The inclusion of shallots in the diet has a positive effect on the condition of hair and nails.

For its delicate taste and delicate aroma, shallots are called a delicacy vegetable. It is added during the preparation of the first and second courses, as well as in salads. Onions are pickled, frozen, dried.

Features of agricultural technology

In the first year after planting shallots form no more than 5 bulbs, in the second year much more - 10-14 heads. The main thing is to know how to grow a crop, when to plant it, and in what place.

Planting material can be planted in spring, in early April, and before winter - at the end of October. If you plant onions in the fall, the greens will grow early and you can start harvesting two weeks earlier than usual.

Preparing the beds

Shallot thrives in open areas with free sunlight. Therefore, you need to plant away from trees and shrubs. The soil should be fertile, not acidic, loose and light.Acidic soil worsens the quality of the crop. The bulbs become small and lose their useful properties.

The best predecessors for shallots are legumes, cucumbers, zucchini, cabbage, tomatoes. You can not plant on the beds, where sunflower, carrots, corn, garlic and beets were previously harvested. Next to the onion beds, you can plant carrots, radishes, cucumbers, strawberries.

When planting shallots in the spring in open ground, the soil is prepared in the fall. The earth is dug up and fertilizers are applied (for example, rotted manure). In the spring, the soil is loosened again and mineral fertilizers are applied. You can plan the beds in the area where the lawn grows. Work begins with the removal of the turf the width of the future bed, and the aisles are left untouched.

Preparing bulbs

The preparatory stage, which consists in the selection, heating, soaking and disinfection of planting material, is necessary to obtain a good harvest.

Before planting, the bulbs should be sorted out. Bulbs 3 cm in size are suitable, without damage and dents. The selected sevok needs to be warmed up. It is better to do this in two stages, first the onions are stored at a temperature of +20 for two weeks, then they are heated for 10 hours at a temperature of +40 degrees. Thanks to this procedure, the growth of the plant is activated and the formation of arrows is prevented.

After warming up, it is recommended to place the bulbs for 5-6 hours in solutions that stimulate growth. Suitable, for example, drugs such as Zircon, Humisol.

Despite the fact that shallots are very resistant to diseases, it is recommended to carry out a disinfection procedure. For this purpose, planting material should be in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for about two hours. In addition to potassium permanganate, the solution can be made based on s alt or Fitosporin.

Planting and care

To get shallots, they start planting at the end of March. Planting material is chosen in a small size, with a diameter of 2-3 cm. To obtain a feather, larger bulbs are planted at the end of October. Deepen the prepared holes by 5 cm. The bulbs should be arranged according to the scheme 20 by 10 cm.

If you follow the rules for planting and caring for vegetables in the open field, then greens and bulbs will delight with their pleasant taste:

Culture is watered regularly and abundantly.
After watering, it is imperative to loosen the soil.
Weeding is necessary for the timely disposal of weeds that cause the spread of diseases and pests.
Feeding is carried out twice a season.

In cold weather, shallots can be affected by fungal diseases (powdery mildew, fusarium, peronosporosis) and be attacked by pests (onion fly, onion nematode). The beds can be treated with drugs: Quadris, Maxim, wood ash helps to cope with the problem.

On the prepared site, furrows are made 6 cm deep and spilled with water. If the bulbs are planted before winter, then they are deepened by 1-2 cm more. The distance in the garden between large bulbs is 18 cm, between medium-sized bulbs is about 15 cm, between small ones leave a distance of 10 cm.

Cleaning and storage

There are no exact dates when to remove onions from the garden. Dates can be shifted, it all depends on the weather, features of care, variety. Green feathers are ready to eat within a month after germination.

The first sign that the bulbs are ripe is the shrinkage and lodging of the feathers. Cleaning must be carried out on time, otherwise the nests will fall apart into separate bulbs and begin to sprout.

With the help of a shovel they dig at the base of the bush and pull it out by hand. Then they shake off the adhering dirt and leave to dry, leaving it in the garden. If the weather is rainy, then harvested crops are removed in a room with good ventilation.

Once the bulbs are dry, they can be separated into individual torches. Dry leaves are cut, leaving a stump equal to 4 cm. Further storage is recommended in a dark, cool room. Density and nutrients are stored for 7-9 months.

Growing shallots on a feather

Shallots are often grown on a green feather. Feathers are cut off at a height of 25 cm. The average period is a month after planting. Growing shallots has its benefits. The leaves practically do not form arrows and have a delicate, juicy taste.

Greens ripen faster if onions are planted before winter. Choose cold-resistant varieties of shallots. You can plant onions in boxes and grow them at home. In the latter case, landing begins at the end of February.

Growing shallots on a turnip and care features

Cultivation of shallots has its benefits.Early ripening is not the only indicator that differs from onions. The shallot turnip begins to ripen after 2 months, and the onion vegetable after 3 months. Shallots contain more beneficial vitamins and are better preserved in winter.

During the entire growing season, weeding and loosening of the soil, regular watering, fertilization and treatment against pests and diseases are provided.

Features of obtaining Ashkelon onion seeds

Ashkelon onion is another name for shallots. Seeds and sets of shallots need periodic updating. This will eliminate disease and degeneration. Planting material is changed every 3-4 years. The seeds of the delicacy can be bought or prepared by yourself.

To do this, choose large, he althy shallots and keep them for three months at a temperature of +6 degrees. After that, they are planted in the ground in the spring. To get arrows, you need to plant the bow earlier than usual.

Selected and processed bulbs will form arrows with flowers. In place of the flowers, then umbrellas with seed pods are formed. Seeds are not formed in every box. Therefore, when collecting seeds, this must be taken into account. Growing from seeds is easy.

Shallots: growing from seeds

Before planting seeds are recommended to germinate. They are soaked in warm water for 48 hours. After that, the seeds are spread on the fabric surface and dried.

Planting material is placed in the furrows prepared on the site with a depth of 5 cm and covered with a small layer of earth. When growing shallots, standard care is required:

In the first time after sowing, frequent and plentiful watering should be carried out. Reduce watering three weeks before harvest.
In order for the plant to receive more oxygen and nutrients, loosening is carried out. The procedure avoids the appearance of a crust on the surface of the earth.
Don't let weeds grow, so weed regularly.

For the entire growing season, it is enough to carry out two top dressings. When is the best time to fertilize and how to feed? The first time you need to fertilize in the spring, when the plant has three feathers (for example, urea is suitable). The second top dressing is carried out in two weeks. During this period of development, phosphorus and potassium are needed.

Advice from an experienced gardener

Outward signs will tell you when it is better to harvest shallots. Often the physiological maturity of shallots comes in the last days of July. The dug nests are divided into individual bulbs, dried and put away for storage.

Many varieties have a shelf life of up to 7 months. You can store in mesh bags, boxes, you can braid and hang. You can cut the onion and greens into pieces and freeze.