Semerenko apples: description and characteristics of the variety, benefits and harms, cultivation

The benefits of green apples for the human body have long been known. But not all varieties are tasty, often the dense structure of the fruit, the high content of acid in them does not allow them to be enjoyed. But no one has yet refused Semerenko's apples. They are included in the diet of young children and the elderly, especially since the fruits are winter species. The variety is unpretentious, and it can be cultivated in a summer cottage.

Fruits of the Semerenko apple tree

Semerenko's apples appeared a long time ago, so they gained popularity among consumers. They are valued for their taste, pleasant texture of the pulp. They have many benefits for all categories of the population.

History of the origin of the variety

It is believed that an apple variety appeared in the 19th century, but it was described a little later - in the middle of the 20th century by the son of the author of the selection Platon Semerenko. After that, the culture was included in the State Register of Fruit Crops. The history of the appearance of the apple tree is vague. Most likely, the biologist Semerenko conducted experiments with the pollination of known varieties and got a wonderful apple tree.

Another name for the variety is Renet Platon Semerenko. Although the surname is also remade in the manner of Simirenko or Semirenko.

General description of variety

The apple tree is a sprawling tree with:

• thick crown in the shape of an inverted cauldron;
• straight shoots;
• stem wood from dark gray to dark brown;
• oval leaves with elongated and curly tip;
• white saucer-shaped flowers;
• green fruits.

The height of the tree most often reaches 2-3 meters. And the color of the bark changes depending on how the sun illuminates it.

Fruit characteristics

The main value of horticultural crops are fruits. The choice of variety for planting and growing depends on their quality. The fruits of the Semerenko apple tree are different:

• light green smooth skin;
• subcutaneous points of light tone;
• pulp juicy and tender;
• sweet taste with a bit of acidity;
• weighing from 150 to 200 grams.

As the fruits are stored in the winter, they become yellow, and the taste becomes richer.

Yields

The apple tree begins to bear fruit in the 4-5th year of life. Apple yields increase as the tree matures, gradually reaching 100 kilograms per plant. But after 15 years of fruiting, yields begin to decline.

Taste

Apples contain up to 12% sugar. The amount of acid is 0.4-0.7%. The pulp is elastic and juicy, and due to the presence of sugars, it is sweet, gives off wine aromas. The taste of the fruit is preserved for a long time, but the pulp becomes looser.

Calories

Most of all in the composition of apples of carbohydrates. For those who are losing weight, it is useful to know that one apple contains no more than 44-37 calories.

Benefits and harms

To increase the amount of vitamins in winter and early spring, Semerenko apples are an indispensable product. One who consumes green fruits constantly:

• strengthens the heart;
• normalizes the condition of blood vessels, thyroid gland;
• improves appetite and digestive tract;
• strengthens the skeletal system;
• Protects yourself from flu and colds.

But be careful when eating green fruits when the stomach is affected by gastritis, diabetes mellitus is diagnosed. The acid in apples has a bad effect on tooth enamel, making it more sensitive.

Varieties and rootstocks

Semerenko apple tree seedlings are often obtained on rootstocks. It is imperative to know their features in order to properly cultivate the crop.

Clone or vigorous rootstock

This subspecies of apple tree is suitable for large gardens. The tree will be durable, reaching a height of 7 meters. A feature is the average skroplodnost culture. The tree will bring the first fruits only in the 6-7th year after planting.

Semi-dwarf

The smaller the tree, the faster it ages. Half-dwarfs have 40 years of life, and a height of 4-5 meters. Those who have small plots for a garden choose a subspecies of the variety.

Dwarf

The rootstock has time to prepare for fruiting within 2-3 years. The tree is compact, reaches a height of 2-3 meters. The rootstock is valued for its unpretentiousness in care, growing conditions.

Columnar

The column-type apple tree looks even more compact. You can plant several copies at a distance of 50 centimeters from each other. And a 2-meter tree brings a lot of fruits for the first 10-12 years of life. But the subspecies is suitable only for gardeners in the southern regions, as it does not tolerate frost well.

Apple Renet

Created as a result of centuries-old selection, Renets are distinguished by a variety of varieties. The Semerenko apple tree is the same Renet, but created by a specific gardener. There are many other varieties with the same name. The Renet apple tree has rounded fruits with a slight flattening, and the flesh is dense. Apples are suitable for dessert as they have more sugar than acid.

Similarities and differences

In addition to the appearance of apples and taste, the subspecies of the variety are similar in terms of ripening. They belong to the winter types of fruit crops. The difference is only in the growth of the tree, the splendor of the crown. Some species do not tolerate low temperatures well and have different immunity to diseases.

Rules for planting a fruit tree

For different varieties of apple trees, the terms and rules of planting are the same. Although there are nuances of the procedure. So for the Semerenko variety, the composition of the soil, the chosen place in the garden is important.

Planting season

Depending on the climate, an apple tree is planted in autumn or spring. For regions with cold weather, spring is best suited - the period before bud break. In the southern regions, where winter comes later, it is autumn. It is necessary that the tree has time to get stronger, take root before frost.It will be enough for him for 3-4 weeks.

Seedling selection

For planting you need a tree 1-2 years of life. The root system of the escape must be without damage, swelling. It has 3-4 main roots with a network of suction roots. On the trunk, the bark is smooth, without tubercles and swellings. A one-year-old shoot may not have branches, a two-year-old shoot may have 2-3 branches.

Tree planting site

For an apple tree you need a sunny place, but protected from the effects of cold winds. If groundwater lies at a level of 1.5 meters from the surface, then it is better to plant a tree on a hill. The variety needs a nutritious and loose soil with a neutral level of acidity

Preparatory work

A plot in the garden for seedlings is fertilized. Humus and mineral fertilizers are applied per square meter. Then carefully dig. Work is carried out six months before planting. You can immediately prepare holes for apple trees. During this time, minerals will be well absorbed by the soil.

Landing actions

In each pit you need to add a bucket of humus, mineral fertilizers, after mixing them with the ground. A mound of fertile soil is poured at the bottom of the 2-thirds of the pit. The prepared seedling is placed in the center, spreading the roots, and a peg is stuck next to it. Then they continue to pour the soil, periodically shaking the shoot.

When the earth evenly settles down between the roots, crush the near-trunk circle with the soles of the feet. The basal neck is left at ground level or slightly higher by 5-7 centimeters.

After planting, the tree needs abundant moisture and tying the trunk to a peg. The root circle is mulched with peat or humus.

Tree care

Garden fruit crops need careful care aimed at moisturizing and feeding trees. The Semerenko apple tree that has come into fruition requires crown formation and periodic rejuvenation.

Irrigation

It is best to water apple trees in furrows 4-5 times per season. During a prolonged drought, the frequency of watering is increased by pouring up to 10 buckets of water under each tree.

Fertilizer

When apples are harvested from the trees, the main fertilizer of 3 kilograms of manure, 50 grams of superphosphate and 12 grams of potassium s alt per square meter of the orchard must be applied before autumn digging. In the spring, ammonium nitrate is needed, which is applied in the amount of 12-15 grams per 1 square meter before loosening the soil.

Feeding in the furrows is carried out with liquid mineral and organic fertilizers after flowering, during fruit set.

Growth and shoots

With the correct development of the apple tree shoots appear annually. Growth reaches 50-60 centimeters when the tree is still young. It decreases in an adult plant to 45 centimeters. The shoots are covered with green-brown bark, with small and rare lenticels.

Cutting

In fruit-bearing plantings, they thin out the crown, cutting out whole branches that are sick, frozen, broken. It is necessary to cut off those shoots that hang or grow inside the crown. If the center of the crown remains in a thickened state, then underdeveloped branches can also be cut.

Preparing trees for winter

For the winter, the Semerenko apple tree is covered where the winter frosts are the strongest. To do this, wrap the trunk with various materials in several layers. Young trees need shelter in temperate climates. In winter, trees are covered with snow.

Measures to increase yields

To increase apple yields, activities related to:

• timely feeding of trees after flowering with nitrogen and potassium, as well as mullein in a ratio of 1:5 or bird droppings - 1:12;
• removing obsolete and unproductive fruit twigs;
• thinning thickened crown;
• cutting out wild shoots on rootstocks.

Only constant care of apple trees will lead to an annual abundant fruiting.

Rejuvenation

When the tree begins to bear fruit poorly, and the ends of the skeletal branches begin to dry out, it is necessary to rejuvenate pruning. Shorten skeletal branches of the 1st order by a third or half of the length to the place where good tops have grown.

Disease and pest control

Semerenko variety has many advantages. Its only drawback is that it is susceptible to diseases and pests. The gardener needs to be able to recognize the problem and deal with the disease of the plant in time.

Disease resistance

Apple has medium resistance to scab. But other infections, under favorable conditions, develop successfully, destroy the tree, the crop.

Reason for no harvest

If the apple tree does not bear fruit, then the reason for this may be that it changes the frequency of fruiting. In a young tree, the first fruits will appear in the 4th-5th year of life, and in vigorous rootstocks even later, by 3 years.

Another thing that prevents fruiting:

• not enough iron in garden soil;
• branches grow vertically;
• a lot of growth appears;
• the tree is sick or attacked by pests.

If the root collar is deeply buried during planting, then the harvest of apples is also not expected.

Reason for slow tree growth

Growth of a tree will slow down if it has not adapted in time after planting.An improperly selected place, when groundwater lies close to the surface of the earth, leads to rotting of the roots and stunting of the tree. Pests also have a negative effect on the development of fruit crops.

Causes of an empty flower

Untimely fall of flowers without the formation of ovaries is due to the fact that during the flowering of the apple tree:

• there were severe frosts;
• pollination failed due to hot weather or heavy rainfall;
• treated the tree from pests or diseases.

You need to know that the first flowers do not always set fruit.

Falling of unripe fruits

It's a shame when the fruits set, but quickly fell off. The reason for this may be the weakening of the tree due to freezing in winter. He does not have the strength to let the fruits ripen. Apples fall, not formed, due to the attack of aphids or pathogenic fungi on the tree.

Pests

Harms the codling moth apple crop. Caterpillars eat holes in apples, and they quickly rot. It is necessary to fight the pest by spraying "Karbofos" 15-20 days after flowering.

Aphids are destroyed either by insecticidal preparations or by treatment with infusion of tobacco dust. The spider mite is afraid of infusion of onion skins.

Diseases

Rarely, but Semerenko's apple tree is sick with scab. The disease is recognized by the spots on the leaves of olive color. The danger of the infection is that it then infects the apples, which are deformed and rot. Among the common infections of the variety are powdery mildew and cytosporosis. It is necessary to carry out disease prevention, which consists in pruning diseased shoots, treating wounds with garden pitch, and whitewashing the trunk of trees.

Harvest: collection and storage

To get a harvest from the Semerenko apple tree, it is necessary to ensure pollination of the variety. To do this, Antonovka, Renet Chernenko, Granny Smith are planted nearby. If pollination was successful during the flowering of apple trees, then the fruits will tie and ripen. When the time comes to pick apples, they are carefully removed from the fruit twigs.

Precocity

The variety begins to bear fruit in the 4-5th year of life. Then it produces crops annually. But having reached the age of 25, the tree begins to produce apples periodically every 2 years. The harvest time comes in late September or early October.

Storage of fruits

A feature of the Semerenko apple tree is that its fruits are preserved for 8-9 months. At the same time, their quality does not deteriorate. Before storage, apples are sorted, discarding crumpled, damaged ones. No more than 15-20 kilograms of apples are put into dry containers.They are stored in a dark room at a temperature within +1 … +2 degrees.

Winter hardiness

Wood does not tolerate low temperatures well. Therefore, it is not suitable for growing in regions with a temperate and cold climate. Apples will not have time to ripen with a short summer with sharp temperature changes.

Regional features of cultivation

The Semerenko apple tree is cultivated in the southern regions of Russia, in Ukraine. You can grow it in the Central Black Earth regions. In the Urals, in Siberia, the middle lane, the tree will freeze regularly, losing part of its crown. Therefore, planting a crop here does not make sense.

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