Winter wheat variety Alekseevich: characteristics and cultivation rules

Winter wheat varieties that are capable of producing record yields are valued in agriculture. Consider the characteristics of winter wheat varieties Alekseevich, the history of breeding, a description of what the variety has advantages and disadvantages. How to grow a crop according to the rules, how to care for wheat. How to protect against diseases and pests. When to harvest and store the crop.

History of selection

Variety Alekseevich is a new elite variety of valuable wheat, characterized by high yield. Mid-season variety, bred in 2014 by breeders in the Krasnodar Territory specifically for cultivation in the Kuban and southern Russia.

Description and characteristics of wheat Alekseevich

This is a short-stemmed, intensive variety that gives a maximum yield of 132.7 q/ha. Designed for cultivation in the Central Black Earth and North Caucasus regions.

Height of wheat plants - 77-96 cm, the variety is resistant to lodging, drought in the air and on the soil, has high frost resistance. The sowing time is optimal for the region, wheat can be sown at a later date. In the Alekseevich variety, the growing season lasts 286-307 days. The weight of a thousand seeds is 37-46 g.

The maximum yield of the Alekseevich variety is 132 centners per hectare, the average is 40 centners per hectare, the grain retains excellent taste and nutritional qualities even when wheat is grown on mineral fertilizers.

Pros and cons

Among the positive qualities of the variety are:

• lodging resistance;
• resistance to leaf rust, stem and yellow rust, powdery mildew, septoria.

Disadvantages of Alekseevich wheat: poor resistance to Fusarium, susceptibility to hard smut.

Rules for growing crops

Good predecessors for Alekseevich wheat are perennial grasses, rapeseed, fallow areas, peas. 5 million grains or 300-400 seeds are sown per hectare. per sq. m. Seeds should be dressed before sowing, fungicide treatment should be carried out during the growing season, 1-2 sprays are enough - preventive and at the initial stage of the disease.

In order for the seeds to lay down correctly in the ground, it is necessary that the soil has a good density and structure, and is leveled. Sowing depth - 3-5 cm. Wheat is sown in the usual row way with row spacing of 15 cm.After sowing, be sure to roll the seeds. Sowing dates for this variety are September 10-20. By the beginning of cold weather, plants should be 55-60 days old, there should be 2-4 developed sprouts.

How to care for a variety

Wheat Alekseevich is fed with fertilizers, taking into account the composition of the soil and predecessors. Usually, 20-30 tons of organic matter are applied per hectare. The provision of soil with nutrients has a positive effect on resistance to cold, stimulates productivity, and reduces lodging.

If a crust appeared on the field before germination, it must be broken by harrowing. This destroys not only the compaction, but also the germinating weeds.

Diseases and pests

Wheat variety Alekseevich is unstable to hard smut and fusariosis of the ear.Signs of smut appear in the phase of wax ripeness of the grain. You can determine the lesion by the opened spikelet films, from which the smut sac is shown. If you crush the affected spikelet, a grayish or sooty mass will remain on your hands.

Ears with smut are light, do not droop, a grayish-violet tint is added to the usual color. The mass emits an unpleasant odor. During the wheat harvest, the smut is destroyed, the spores are dispersed, settling on the soil, stubble and threshed grain.

The main source of infection is considered to be seeds that get spores during harvesting. In regions with a dry climate, smut persists in the soil. In the northern regions, the soil at the depth of sowing seeds in May, in the 2nd and 3rd decades, warms up to 15-20 ° C and above, the wheat germinates quickly and amicably, the seedlings do not have time to become infected with the pathogen.

Infection with durum wheat Alekseevich occurs during the germination of grains. Plants are protected by drugs: Maxim, Integral, Celeste Max, Vibrance Trio, Maxim Forte.

Fusariosis of the ear is manifested by the early yellowing of individual spikelets, and then the yellowing passes to the sections of the spikelet. In such areas, an orange coating appears, which contains spores. Plants are infected during the flowering period under favorable conditions for infection - at a temperature of 12-18 ° C and rainy weather.

The source of infection with fusarium variety Alekseevich is undecomposed plant residues of cereal grasses, cereals and corn.

The grains affected by Fusarium become lean, lose their viability, the seedlings obtained from them are affected by rot. Food grain affected by mycotoxins is unfit for consumption.

It is necessary to fight the disease by observing crop rotation, seed dressing with fungicidal preparations Select Max, Vibrance Integral, Maxim Forte, Amistar Trio, Menara, Magnello, Maxim.

Harvesting and storage

Harvesting can begin when the grain has reached full ripeness, its moisture content is not more than 20%. It is desirable to remove wheat Alekseevich in 3-4 days, because the grain will begin to crumble. It can crumble up to 40-60% of the crop.

The method of harvesting depends on the degree of ripeness of the cereal, the weather, the degree of infestation with weeds and the availability of equipment. Direct combining is used if the ears ripen evenly and the crops are almost free of weeds. This is the standard method, which is used when grain moisture content is up to 15%.Dry grain allows you to carry out 3 operations at once: mowing, threshing and sieving.

In case of strong infestation of wheat Alekseevich with weeds, thickening of cereals and with uneven ripening of ears, grain is harvested in a separate way. Mowing is carried out in the phase of wax ripeness, when the moisture content of the grain reaches 30-35%. The separate method improves the baking qualities of grain, its useful properties increase.

First, the wheat is mowed at a height of 15-25 cm, folded into rolls and left to dry in the field. For 2-3 days of drying, the moisture content of the grain drops to 17-20%, after which it is picked up and threshed. With this method of harvesting, it is important to observe the terms of drying and further threshing, so that the sprinkled grain does not remain on the field.

Advantages of separate harvesting: grain with high baking quality, almost no loose grain, you can start harvesting earlier than usual. At the same time, there is dependence on the weather, the need to use different types of equipment, and the cost of the crop is growing.

Wheat of the new Alekseevich variety has been cultivated for only a few years, but it has the potential, which is why the variety will undoubtedly be in demand. It turned out to be productive, resistant to lodging, the main fungal diseases. Recommended for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory and southern Russian regions.

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