Daria spring wheat: variety description and characteristics, cultivation rules

Many varieties of spring wheat are recorded in the State Register. They differ from each other in characteristics and regionalization. Consider the description of spring wheat Daria, characteristics of the variety, advantages and disadvantages. What technology is used to grow wheat of this variety, the rate of grain consumption for sowing, how to care for the crop. How to protect plants from diseases and pests, harvest and store crops.

Characteristics and appearance of the variety

Daria - soft wheat variety of spring type, belongs to the grain group. It is zoned in the Central Black Earth and Central regions.The bush of the plant is straight, the straw is poorly made. Pyramid-shaped ear, medium dense, white. The caryopsis is elongated, with a medium-sized tuft, painted.

The weight of a thousand seeds of the variety is 33-38 g. In zoned zones, the yield reaches 30-35 c/ha on average, which is 3.9 c/ha more than the standard. A maximum of one hectare is harvested at 72.6 kg / ha. Variety Daria is mid-season, vegetation of plants lasts 85-95 days, grain ripens at the same time as the standard.

Pros and cons

Positive qualities of wheat Daria:

• red grain variety;
• raw gluten 31-33%;
• protein, on average, contains 14.7%;
• valuable wheat for baking qualities;
• little frost damage in spring;
• wheat is resistant to lodging.

Disadvantages of the Daria variety: moderately affected by powdery mildew, septoria, gets sick with hard and dusty smut, brown rust.

Growing Technology

Sandy, loamy, sod-podzolic and sod-calcareous soils are best suited for growing Daria wheat. Light sandy, peat-bog soils are not suitable. Soil acidity should be at least 5.8, at least 1.8% humus, less than 145 mg/kg of mobile compounds of potassium and phosphorus.

Forerunners for wheat are legumes, root crops and potatoes, cruciferous. Under them, at least 30-35 tons per hectare of fertilizers should be applied.

Wheat Daria makes demands on the quality of the soil and the timing of sowing. The main cultivation of the site is the stubble peeling with discs to a depth of 10 cm. After vegetable crops, the land is also cultivated to a depth of 10 cm.After primary processing, after 2-3 weeks, the land is plowed to the depth of the arable horizon. Germinating weeds are harvested by cultivation.

Optimal sowing time occurs when the ground temperature is from 5 ºС, which is observed 3-4 days in a row. The seeding rate for this variety is 5-5.5 million grains per 1 hectare. On light soils, the seed placement depth is 5-6 cm, on medium-dense and heavy soils it is less - 3-4 cm. Wheat is sown in rows with a row spacing of 7.5, 12.5, 15 cm.

Fertilizers when cultivating on the plot to apply under the predecessor. The entire norm of potash and phosphorus mixtures is applied to the soil before or during sowing, in rows, in the amount of 20 kg / g. To harvest 60-80 kg/ha of wheat, it is necessary to apply fertilizers with phosphorus at least 60-80 kg/ha, with potassium at least 100-140 kg/ha and with nitrogen at an average of 80 kg/ha (for example, sulfate ammonium or urea).

Crop care

After 3-5 days after sowing the grain to kill weeds, carry out pre-emergence harrowing. Against 1-year-old 2-submultiple weeds, herbicidal preparations from the 2,4-D group and MCPA are used. To protect wheat from weeds resistant to these drugs, it is necessary to treat crops with a mixture of 2 or more herbicides with substances from different groups. When the field is clogged with perennial weeds, the site is treated after harvesting, on green weeds with herbicides with glyphosate.

Feeding wheat Daria is carried out in the phase of the 1st node, carbamide and humates are applied at a dosage of 20-40 kg/ha or 30 kg/ha with a urea-ammonia mixture. Dilute the mixture with water in a ratio of 1 to 4.

In the phase of the 1st or 2nd node, it is necessary to carry out foliar feeding with a mixture of manganese sulfate (on soils with a pH greater than 6.0 - 220-330 g/ha) and copper sulfate (200-300 g/ha). ha). Solutions of these substances must be made separately, and then poured into a common container.

In highly productive areas, you can use not only simple, but also complex fertilizers, growth stimulants. Fertilizing with nitrogen is also done at the beginning of the earing stage, with a solution of carbamide 5-8%, spending 15-20 kg of fertilizer per hectare. When ammonium sulfate is added to the solution in an amount of 5-10 kg per hectare, the quality of the grain increases, in which the amount of protein increases due to the sulfur that is part of the fertilizer.

Diseases and pests

Daria wheat seed must be dressed to protect against pathogens and fungi on their surface and in the soil. Seeds are treated with fungicidal preparations mixed with growth-regulating or humates.

Grass flies, aphids, miners, leaf sawflies, thrips are dangerous for Daria wheat. From them, the plants are sprayed with insecticides to the heading stage. Of the diseases, fusariosis of the ear, brown rust, septoria of the ear and leaves, and powdery mildew are dangerous.From infections, plants are treated with fungicides according to the flag leaf.

Harvesting and storage rules

Harvesting wheat variety Daria is carried out with simultaneous ripening of the grain in the phase of its full ripeness, when it is fully formed and dried. Mowing and threshing by combines is carried out immediately.

In case of non-simultaneous ripening of the grain, the plants are first mowed and stacked to dry in windrows on the field. After 3-4 days, the grain dries out, after which the wheat is lifted and threshed.

Store the finished wheat grain in warehouses or elevators, mostly in bulk. Storage conditions: dry, cool and dark place. Under these conditions, food wheat can be stored for at least 3-4 years.

Daria spring type wheat is intended for cultivation in the Central Black Earth and Central regions. The yield of the mid-season variety exceeds the level of the standard.

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