Wheat Iren: description and characteristics of the spring variety, planting and care rules

In the soft wheat group, there is more than one variety that has excellent agricultural characteristics. Consider the description and characteristics of Iren wheat, varietal advantages and disadvantages, what features of growing and caring for this cereal exist. How to protect wheat plants from pests and diseases, how to harvest and harvest and store.

Description and characteristics of wheat Iren

The Iren variety comes from the varieties Irgina and Krasnoufimskaya 90. The variety is recommended to be grown in the West Siberian and Volga-Vyatka regions.The wheat plant is erect, hollow culm, with a wax coating. Iren's ear is pyramidal, not dense, there are short awns at the top. Wheat grain is elongated, colored. The weight of a thousand seeds is 35-42 g.

The yield of the variety is 23.6-38.4 centners per hectare, which is within the standard. The maximum can be collected 60.8 kg / ha. Variety Iren is early ripe, vegetates 77-93 days. Varietal plants are resistant to lodging, the baking qualities of the flour are good. Resistance to powdery mildew is average, wheat becomes infected with stem rust, septoria, root rot. High susceptibility to bunt hard and dusty, leaf rust.

Pros and cons

Dignity variety Iren:

• ripe grain does not crumble, does not germinate on the vine;
• full germination of seeds subject to agricultural practices;
• the ear does not break;
• productivity, high-quality grain in terms of technological indicators;
• evaluation of baking qualities - 4.5-4.9 points.

Disadvantages: instability to root rot, rust and septoria.

Specific cultivation and care of cereals

The predecessors of Iren wheat can be fallow and grain fodder crops, perennial grasses in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, in the Urals and the Volga region - legumes, black fallow, tilled crops and grasses. In Siberia and the Trans-Urals, wheat is sown after fallow. In areas of good moisture, the variety is cultivated after corn, beets, potatoes, legumes, perennial grasses.

Seeds of soft wheat germinate already at a temperature of 1-2 degrees Celsius.The most favorable temperature is 12-15 °C. When sowing at a standard depth, seedlings can be seen in a week. Plants of the Iren variety can tolerate short frosts during germination and during the tillering period.

Wheat is resistant to heat and dry air if there is moisture in the soil. But severe drought reduces yields and worsens grain quality. The moisture consumption of wheat during the growing season is distributed as follows: at the germination stage - 5-7%, tillering - 15-20%, tube and earing - 50-60%, milky ripeness - 20-30%, waxy - 3-5%. Moisture deficiency during the tillering period increases the percentage of barren spikelets, during the period of formation and filling of grains, their size and fullness decrease, as a result, the yield decreases.

Wheat is demanding on soil, especially at the initial stages of development.It develops best on chestnut soils and chernozems. On heavy clay and sandy soils, wheat does not grow well unless fertilizers are applied. Both organic and mineral fertilizers can be used as fertilizers, the acidity must be neutral.

For the formation of stems and 1 ton of grain, Iren wheat spends 35-45 kg of nitrogen, 9-12 kg of phosphorus and 18-24 kg of potassium. Nitrogen is necessary for plants until the end of the growing season, but, above all, at the beginning. The element stimulates the growth of nodal roots, the formation of flowers and spikelets. Organics are applied for the main processing in the amount of 30-40 tons per hectare, in the fall for plowing - phosphorus-potassium.

In the heading-flowering phase, it is advisable to carry out foliar feeding with urea, which improves the quality of grains, increases the percentage of protein and gluten. Plants in the process of development need the elements of copper, boron, zinc, molybdenum and manganese.

Treatment from weeds is carried out at the tillering stage and at the stage of 2-4 leaves in weeds. From root weeds, wheat is treated with Dialen herbicides, amine s alt, Lontrel.

Protection from pests and diseases

Before sowing, fungicidal treatment of seeds from smut and root rot is carried out with Vitavax, TMTD, Fundazol preparations. Plants are treated against rust and septoria with Bayleton, Fundazol, Tilt at the tillering stage. Repeat if signs of illness appear.

Against pests, crops of the Iren variety are sprayed during germination and tillering from grain beetles, from cereal flies - during germination and from grain leech - in the tillering stage.

Harvest and storage of crops

Harvesting time is calculated depending on the weather, plant density and height, weed infestation. To avoid shedding, cleaning should be carried out in a short time - in 1-1.5 weeks.

Iren's wheat is mostly harvested immediately, that is, by direct combining. If the height of the plants is, on average, exceeded, the grain is unevenly ripened, or the crops are clogged, then two-phase harvesting is used. Plants in the stage of wax ripeness are mowed with harvesters and stacked in rolls. After 4-5 days they are picked up and threshed.

The harvested grain is stored in granaries at a moisture content of no more than 12-16%. Under such conditions, the grain can lie without spoilage and deterioration in quality for at least a year. Various methods are used to preserve grain - ventilation, both natural and artificial, blowing the mass of grain with air, cooling with cold air. Airless grain storage is also used.

Wheat variety Iren has a lot of advantages - it sprouts well, gives a high yield, the grain does not crumble.According to technological characteristics, it is a valuable wheat. The baking quality of the flour is rated as high. Among the shortcomings, one can note the instability to diseases that are combated by dressing and treating plants with fungicides.

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