Growing tomatoes in open ground: how and when to plant and care, varieties

Growing tomatoes in the open field is not difficult. Tomatoes can be found in every garden bed, and if the climate is more or less warm, then a decent harvest can be harvested. Features of care may vary, it all depends on the planted variety, weather conditions, soil quality and other factors.

Comfort and convenience in a permanent place

Planting tomatoes in open ground should take place in a place where warm light from the sun freely enters. Many varieties do not like through winds and begin to slow down development.

How to grow tomatoes without problems? It should be taken into account which crop was planted in the summer cottage. It is not recommended to plant tomatoes where corn, peppers, potatoes, eggplants used to grow. They are exposed to the same infectious diseases. The land where carrots, legumes, spinach, onions used to grow contributes to the good development of tomatoes.

Growing tomatoes in the open field begins with the autumn digging of the selected area to a depth of 28 cm.

It is useful to mix the dug-up soil with humus, bird droppings, wood ash or compost. From mineral fertilizers, you can choose potassium s alt or superphosphate.

In the spring (May is considered the best time) you can dig up the ground again. As a nutrient top dressing, you can use a mixture of wood ash, bird droppings and ammonium sulfate. Before transplanting tomatoes into the ground, furrows are made at intervals of about 65 cm.

When you can plant tomatoes in open ground depends on the weather. If the cold has not yet receded, then it is better to move the dates, otherwise the crop will be lost. They also take into account the method of growing tomatoes in the open field and the boundaries of their ripening.

Suitable variety of species

To learn how to grow tomatoes in the open field, you need to choose a variety and familiarize yourself with the features of caring for it. There is a wide variety of varieties of the studied vegetable crop. What types of tomatoes are best planted, the vegetable grower decides. All of them differ in the size and shades of fruits, stem height, taste, ability to withstand bad weather or diseases.

What varieties of tomatoes are suitable for open beds? When breeding, take into account the height of the bush. There are determinant (varieties with limited growth) and indeterminate (growth and development continues throughout the growing season) tomatoes.

Stems of undersized (determinant) species rarely reach 110 cm in height. Most often their height is 60-70 cm. They do not require the removal of side branches, they do not need to be tied up. Typically, these varieties have a short ripening time, so the plant rarely catches the spread of diseases.

Planting tall tomatoes (indeterminate) can amaze with their growth, which sometimes exceeds 2 meters. The plant requires the formation of two or three stems, be sure to tie them up, do not forget to remove side shoots in time.

Growing tall tomatoes starts in May. When to sow tomatoes for seedlings? It is better to start sown large tomatoes two months before transplanting the grown seedlings, the time falls around the end of February. The timing of planting seeds may be shifted to the beginning of March.

Which tomatoes are best planted in open ground can also determine the boundaries of ripening. Mature varieties can be enjoyed after 90 days (early varieties), 110 days (mid-ripening varieties) or 120 days (late-ripening varieties). The most popular tomatoes for open ground.

Ground tomatoes Riddle are characterized by early fruit ripening. The stem is strong. In height, the bushes grow up to 45 cm. The variety tolerates diseases and a shaded planting site.

Sanka variety is popular among undersized tomatoes. The fruits begin to ripen early. The height of the bush is only 50 cm. It has a high yield, resistance to disease and cold.

Pear has medium ripening limits. It stretches up to 45 cm. The weight of fruits can reach 200 g, so you need to tie up the stem.

The varieties with the formation of large fruits can please with the highest yield. Their weight can reach 700 g. Among large-fruited tomatoes, such good tomatoes as Bull's Heart, Grandee, Orange King, Honey Spas, Buyan, De-Barao are widely known.

Home seedlings

There are two options for planting tomatoes outdoors.Planting in a permanent place can be done by seedlings or seeds. But it is best to plant tomatoes in open ground seedlings. Seedlings are grown at home and transplanted to open beds with the onset of heat.

Growing seedlings begins with the right selection of seeds. Choose only large and dense seeds. Planting a tomato is not complete without pre-treatment of seeds. A large number of fungi and bacteria live on the shell of the grains, so it is recommended to lower them for 30 minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

After disinfection, tomato seeds for seedlings are soaked in nutrient solutions. You can use sodium humate, Epin or natural aloe juice. These solutions stimulate the development of the plant.

It is better to plant tomatoes in the ground when the seeds have passed the hardening stage. Seeds are alternately placed either in a warm or in a cold place. Due to this, the planted plants will develop a tolerance for temperature fluctuations.

Many experienced vegetable growers begin to germinate tomato seeds before planting seedlings. Seeds are spread on a wet cloth, then covered with another layer of cloth and left until the first sprouts hatch.

You can grow seedlings in a wooden or plastic box. Holes are made in a prepared container with soil at a distance of 2.5 cm. The sown seeds are covered with a film until most of the seedlings appear.

When to plant tomatoes in the ground for seedlings? It is better to start sowing tomatoes in early March, but this is if the cottage is equipped with a film construction. When to sow tomatoes, if it is not supposed to establish a shelter? It is better to sow seeds in the last days of March.

Replant bushes

When planting tomato seedlings in open ground depends on the type and climate chosen. Often tomatoes planting and care in the open field starts in May, on the 20th.If the soil is not warm enough, then it can be moved to the beginning of June. Planting tomato seedlings in open ground should occur when the weather is cloudy, without bright sunlight. If there is no such day according to the forecast, then it is better to wait for the evening.

How to plant tomatoes in open ground? It is recommended to plant low types of tomatoes with an interval of 37 cm. When planting medium-sized and tall tomatoes, an interval of about 42 cm should be observed. The depth of the hole should be 12 cm.

Planting a tomato in the ground can be a square-nested option. Recesses are made in the form of a square, the sides of which are approximately 65 cm. 2-3 seedlings are planted in one hole. If the planting of tomato seedlings in open ground will be carried out by a similar method, then in the future it will be convenient to loosen the aisles. A full-sized vegetable will receive nourishment and light.

How to plant tomatoes in open ground? To facilitate the process of removing seedlings from a box or cups, as well as to preserve the roots, you need to thoroughly moisten the soil of the seedlings. Planting a tomato outdoors often consists of the following steps:

• planting tomato seedlings in open ground is accompanied by the introduction of any mineral fertilizers mixed with humus into each recess;
• to plant a vegetable in the ground with seedlings, you need to turn the cup with the seedling upside down and gently pull the stem;
• planting seedlings of tomatoes in the hole is necessary together with an earthen clod, which is sprinkled with compost;
• only roots and an earthen lump are sprinkled with earth, the stem remains open, you can remove a few lower leaves;
• after filling the compost with a layer of earth, the space around the bush is slightly compacted.

Growing tomatoes and care in the open ground for the initial 10-14 days involves protection from the hot sun and frost. During this time, the planted bushes adapt to new conditions and take root, they are vulnerable to adverse factors.But it is impossible to determine exactly when it is best to plant seedlings, so shading is required on hot days, and on cold nights, cover the sprouts with a film.

How to grow a good tomato crop, you need to know the rules of watering. After 7-10 days, you can water the beds for the first time. Subsequently, you need to water regularly, but do not overdo it. If there is a lot of moisture, then the risk of developing a fungal infection, top and root rot will increase.

During watering, avoid droplets of water on the leaves and flowers. You need to water only with settled water in the morning or evening hours.

To grow tomatoes in the open field should be with three top dressings for the entire growing season. Tomatoes are especially in need of trace elements during flowering and fruiting. If large-fruited varieties are grown, then more fertilization is required.

You can use ready-made universal top dressing or cook it yourself.The main components are bird droppings, mullein, wood ash, herbal infusions from nettle or dandelion. Non-standard ingredients can be used, for example, potato tops, banana peels, egg shells, whey.

Following the scheme of planting tomatoes in open ground, you can avoid many mistakes, make courtship easy and reap a large crop.

Tomatoes are self-pollinating plants. The secrets of growing tomatoes are also in the fact that sometimes outside help may be needed in this matter. To lure insect pollinators, you can water the bushes with a special sweet solution, which is made from sugar, water or jam. You can plant plants with a sweet smell between vegetables, such as basil, mustard.

An agronomist can help by shaking the stem a little twice a day during flower formation.

Seedless way

How to grow tomatoes in the open field, if the seeds are planted right away? If it was chosen to plant tomatoes in open ground with seeds, you need to choose those that could take root in natural conditions. For planting tomatoes in open ground with seeds, early-ripening varieties are better suited. Tomato varieties for open ground, tested by agronomists by time, take root well with seeds.

1. Volgograd tomatoes boast good disease resistance and resistance to temperature fluctuations. The fruits begin to ripen at the same time. The average weight of tomatoes is 110 g.
2. It is better to plant Iceberg seeds in open ground. It continues to develop even in cool weather. The stem is strong and small, only 60 cm. Sweet tomatoes can weigh 200 g.
3. Beta Lux is an early maturing, high yielding species. The height of the bush is about 47 cm. The fruits ripen on brushes of 5 pieces weighing about 50 g. The plant is resistant to cold and major diseases.
4. From seeds in the open field, the Dubok variety gives a good result. It will allow you to harvest within 85 days after sowing the seeds. The height of the stem is about 50 cm. It is resistant to many diseases, unpretentious to the composition of the soil, tolerates cold. The fruits begin to ripen together and weigh about 70 g.

When to plant tomatoes in open ground, if it is planned to grow without seedlings? Sowing seeds in prepared soil begins when the earth warms up, this is approximately mid-April. Make wide beds and add humus. Arcs are installed along the beds, on which then it will be necessary to stretch the film in case of frost.

When planting tomato seeds in open ground, you should leave enough space between the rows. It should be 48 cm. The scheme for planting tomatoes involves digging shallow holes (about 5 cm) in the furrows, resembling a checkerboard pattern.Between the recesses, the interval is recommended to be left equal to 28 cm.

How to plant tomatoes? 3 or 4 seeds are sown in each recess.

How to properly plant tomatoes has its own secrets. Some experienced vegetable growers soak some of the prepared tomato seeds in a nutrient medium. The rest of the seeds should remain dry. Wet seeds germinate better, but provided that it is warm outside. If there are frosts, they may die, then dry seeds come to the rescue, which are less sensitive to low temperatures.

There is another important point on how to properly plant tomatoes. As soon as the first leaves unfold in the sprouts that have appeared, thinning is carried out. Only strengthened plants should be left at a distance of 9 cm. The second time thinning is done when the fifth leaf unfolds. The distance should now be increased to 14.5 cm.

You need to water the young sprouts less than tomato seedlings in the room. The root system itself develops in such a way as to provide itself with nutrition and moisture. Water only during long, hot weather.

Numerous reviews of experienced vegetable growers indicate that when planting tomatoes with seeds, you can harvest a rich and tasty harvest: “We have been sowing for several years immediately on garden beds. No need to waste energy on growing seedlings, all parts of the sprout are well lit, the root system goes deep and to the sides, there is no need to dive and stress the plant.”

Follow-up

Care for outdoor tomatoes starts from planting until the very last harvest. When to plant tomatoes in open ground, the answer cannot be unambiguous. In any case, it is recommended to install arcs with a film near the beds, which will protect against strong winds and frost. There are several important points on how to care for outdoor tomatoes that should not be missed during care.

The peculiarities of growing tomatoes in open ground include the procedure of loosening, pinching, tying, hilling.

During the cultivation of tomatoes in open ground, in order for the bush to have a he althy and strong stem, and the leaves to be saturated green, hilling is necessary. Thanks to the procedure, the roots are also strengthened.

Care for tomatoes in the open field is recommended to be carried out with the mulching procedure - covering the soil with an additional layer. As a mulch for a tomato in the open field, straw, peat, chopped meadow grass, sawdust are suitable. The layer should be no thinner than 8 cm.

The secrets of growing tomatoes include mulching. Thanks to the procedure, moisture evaporates at a slower rate, heat is retained, weeds are not disturbed, and the spread of infections and pests is reduced.

After planting tomatoes in open ground, so that a dry crust does not appear, you need to loosen the ground between the rows. The best period for loosening is the time after rain and after watering. Thanks to the procedure, useful microelements and oxygen are more quickly distributed throughout the plant.

You need to take care of tomatoes with the help of one more procedure. So that the plant does not grow, but gives all its strength to the formation of fruits, it is necessary to carry out pinching. Side branches are removed only from tall varieties of tomatoes.

How to plant high varieties so that the stem does not break and the plant develops actively? Planting tall varieties needs a tying procedure. But sometimes even short ones may need support. Due to the large number of fruits, the stem may break. Tapestry, nets are used as a support. The procedure allows not only to keep the stem intact, but also provides free access of air and light to all parts of the plant.

Pegs are set near each tomato bush, to which you need to tie the stem. Tying begins from the moment 4-5 leaves are unfolded on the stem.

Planting tomatoes in open ground is not difficult even for beginners in vegetable growing. The main thing is to follow the instructions, follow all the rules and step-by-step work related to soil, seedlings and care.

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