Onion varieties: types that come with names and descriptions with photos

The quality and quantity of the crop depends on the correct choice of onion variety. When choosing it, you need to take into account the weather conditions of the region and the intended purpose of the vegetable. All types of onions differ in terms of ripening, the shape, color and taste of turnips, the duration of storage of the crop.

From the history of onions

Cultivation of onions took place about 4 thousand years ago in Asia. In Russia, they learned about this vegetable crop in the middle of the 12th century, since then almost no dish can do without onions. The vegetable has medicinal properties and is widely used in traditional medicine.

All varieties, like onions, differ in growth, appearance, taste, ripening time. There are about 900 varieties of onions, but only 220 species are grown on land. The most common types of onions are: turnip, batun, shallot, leek, slime, branched, multi-tiered, chives, fragrant.

Onion varieties

Onion varieties by the amount of essential oils and sugar content:

spicy varieties with 11% sugar content;
semi-sweet onions contain 8% sugar;
sweet varieties have about 5% sugar in their composition.

The sweetest varieties of onions contain the least sugar, but they also contain the least essential oils. It is essential oils that give the taste bitterness and sharpness. Below is a list of types of onions in demand among gardeners with names and descriptions.

Onion

It is better to choose an unpretentious onion variety with good yield and long storage.

The best productive varieties include: Aleko, Zolotisty, Timiryazevsky. Varieties of early ripening are: Carmen, Bogatyrskaya force, Red Semko. For a long time, turnips do not lose their density and taste in onion varieties: Sturon, Orion, Stuttgarter.

Onion loves fertile, loose soil with neutral acidity. Actively develops in good light and air temperature above +15 degrees. The culture makes special demands on irrigation during the formation of the underground part. Superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium s alt are suitable as a fertilizer.

You can grow vegetables with seeds. Seeds are planted in the prepared soil - nigella.Sewing will be ready next year. Onion seeds can be bought at the store or collected by yourself. Black seeds are in boxes on the arrows that the onion head releases after planting.

Seeds are sorted, sorted, disinfected and germinated before sowing. Furrows are made on the prepared site at a distance of 20 cm. The seeds are deepened by 2-3 cm.

You can plant sevok. For planting, heads no larger than 2.5 cm are selected. The sevok is heated, disinfected and soaked in growth stimulants. As soon as the soil warms up to 10 degrees, deepen the sowing by 5 cm.

Sevoc begins to be planted before winter when the air temperature drops to -3 at night. It is better to choose a sunny place, without stagnant moisture. The best varieties of onions before winter are: Ellan, Bessonovsky, Arzamas, Chalcedony.

Care consists of regular watering, loosening the soil after watering and rains, weeding, fertilizing and treating pests and diseases. The first feeding is carried out two weeks after planting. You can prepare a solution of chicken manure. Two weeks later, a second top dressing is carried out. The third fertilization coincides with the period of active head formation.

Leek

Leek is a biennial herbaceous plant. It has a lot in common with onions. It is distinguished by the absence of a round bulb; long, wide leaves and stem are used for food. The length of the leaves can reach one meter.

All types of onions are divided by maturity. Early varieties of onions begin to ripen after 140 days, mid-season after 165 days, late-ripening leeks can be harvested after 180 days or more.

Leek varieties that can be grown from seed: Camus, Bastion, Tango, Mercury, Greywing, Vesta, Goliath.

The most common is the seedling method of planting vegetables. Sowing seeds begins in late February or early March. Transplantation of adult seedlings is carried out in mid-May. Leek grows best in loamy soil. In autumn and spring, when digging the land, it is recommended to add humus or compost.

Leek care requires meticulous care:

watering should be plentiful and regular;
loosen the ground every week;
hilling is carried out every two weeks;
to get a rich harvest for the entire growing season, it is desirable to make at least two top dressings;
be sure to destroy weeds in a timely manner.

Harvested is best stored with green leaves. This will allow the white stem to retain its juiciness and nutrients.

Shallots

The difference between shallots and onion varieties is the formation of several oblong bulbs at the base of the nest, small in size and more thin feathers. Turnip pulp tastes sweet, without bitterness.

According to the aging time, they are distinguished:

early ripe varieties: Cascade, Emerald, Family, Jasper, Belozerets;
mid-season species: Airat, Blondin, Kuban, Bistro, Andreyka;
with late bulb ripening limits: Krepysh, Siberian amber, Ural violet, Vonsky.

All shallot varieties have good disease resistance and drought tolerance. Shallots can be planted in spring and autumn. It is better to choose a sunny, non-acidic, fertile, loose soil for planting. Can be grown from seeds and bulbs.

The plant should be watered frequently and abundantly after planting. During the season, it is recommended to fertilize three times, the last application should be three weeks before harvest. In order for a vegetable crop to receive a sufficient amount of oxygen and nutrients, it is necessary to loosen and weed the soil.

Chives

Before you grow shallots, you need to get acquainted with the description of the variety. Oblong brown-white or purple-red bulbs are formed small, up to 20 pieces. They taste more delicate, fragrant and sweet than onion vegetables.

The aerial part consists of a false stem and numerous tubular, bright green leaves. Schnitt begins to bloom in the second year of growth, in May. In August, instead of flowers, a box with seeds is formed. Young leaves are used for food, which are cut 2-3 times per season.

Place for landing should be chosen protected from direct sunlight. The soil must be fertile and moist. Care is standard and involves weeding, loosening, fertilizing.

Popular varieties of chives are: Bohemia, Crocus, Albion, Medonos, Siberian, Velta. They can be grown both outdoors and in a greenhouse.

Sweet onion

Fragrant onions are characterized by long, flat, dark green leaves. The bulb does not form, instead a long stem with a diameter of 2 cm is formed. It tastes juicy with a garlic flavor. The fragrant plant is named for the delicate aroma of inflorescences.

The plant does not require special growing conditions, but grows well on loose, fertile soils with neutral acidity. Does not make special demands on light, tolerates cold well. Leaf growth continues until the snow.

In spring, new leaves appear in place of old leaves. Greens for food begin to be used only in the second year of plant growth. It is cut three times during the season.

You can propagate a fragrant vegetable by seeds or by dividing a bush. Seeds begin to be sown at the end of April or before winter, at the beginning of October. The division of the bushes is best done in the spring. Popular hybrid varieties of fragrant onions: Fragrant, Aprior, Benefit, Astrologer, Piquant, Dzhusai, Oriental.

Tiered bow

What kind of vegetable is there? There are the following varieties of multi-tiered onions, which are known among vegetable growers: Gribovsky 38, Likova, Odessa Winter, Memory.

The tiered bow has an unusual appearance. Instead of inflorescences, large air bulbs are formed on the tubular arrow, which are called bulbs. The plant forms several arrows with bulbs located at different levels. The leaves are juicy and pleasant to the taste, the bulbs have a slightly bitter taste.

The plant is characterized by high resistance to diseases and pests, undemanding and easy to grow. It tolerates drought and frost well. As a planting material, you can use both ground bulbs and the underground part.

The soil on the site should be light, loose, breathable and fertile. To get a good harvest, fertilizers must be applied to the soil. Care consists in moderate watering, loosening the soil, weeding from weeds and timely fertilization.

Batun onion

Lettuce onion is a perennial herbaceous plant. The bulb is formed small and not juicy, with thin scales. They don't store well in the winter. Only tubular leaves and stems are used for food. The plant is characterized by excellent greenery with a pleasant, delicate aftertaste. Popular varieties are: April, Giant, Russian Winter.

Batun is very useful for the human body, the product has a high content of vitamins, trace elements, essential oils.

For planting a batun, you need to choose wet, but not wetlands. First, the earth is dug up and organic matter is introduced. When growing an annual crop, sowing begins in early spring. For cultivation as a perennial plant, sowing is carried out in summer or autumn. The seeds are deepened by 1-2 cm.

After germination, thinning is carried out, leaving a distance of 2.5 cm. When thinning again, the distance is increased to 6 cm. Otherwise, the care is no different.

Ageing Buchu Bow

Buchu onion is a wild plant that grows on gravelly slopes, in the mountains, and can be found in the steppes. It is found everywhere in Mongolia, China, Korea. In Korea, onions are grown for human consumption. The juicy ground part is edible only in spring, in summer the stem and leaves of the plant become coarse and acquire a bitter taste.

There are 4 types of Buchu:

European variety produces long, narrow and straight leaves.
Altai-Sayan species is distinguished by short straight leaves.
The Trans-Baikal species can be recognized by its powerful bush and short, recurved leaves.
The Far Eastern species has long, spirally folded leaves.

The ripening period comes at the end of summer. The taste of the leaves by this time acquires a pungent aftertaste. The onions are cut into rings, dried and added during the preparation of first courses.

Strigunovsky

Onion variety Strigunovsky belongs to the northern group of plants. For full development, he needs a length of daylight hours of 15-17 hours. The bulb is round, slightly elongated at the base, weighs 50 g, with a spicy taste. The scales become yellow at the time of maturation.

The turnip ripens early. The yield of the variety is high, it is well stored all winter, until the next harvest, does not impose special requirements for care.

Tenase

Tenaz onion seeds have an average turnip ripening time. It takes 100 days to fully mature. Dense bulbs weigh 90 g, the taste is semi-sharp. Their shape is rounded, the scales are golden yellow. The yield is consistently high, the storage of the crop is long.

Valentino

Mid-season hybrids include Valentino onions. The turnip is round, dense, weighing about 110 g. The scales are brown, the flesh is white and juicy with a semi-sharp flavor.

Under good conditions, you can harvest a rich harvest that can be stored for up to 5 months. The variety is resistant to adverse factors, high resistance to diseases, especially pink root rot.

Bessonovsky

It is worth getting acquainted with the description of the Bessonovsky onion variety, which has good characteristics. The bulbs are small in size, weigh 50 g, rounded in shape, slightly flattened. The pulp tastes sharp, spicy. The scales are golden yellow.

The harvested crop can be stored for up to 9 months, while maintaining taste and presentation. The variety belongs to early ripe crops, you can collect a turnip in the last days of July. The plant has moderate disease resistance.

Manas

Manas onion is recommended to be grown on a turnip from seeds. The hybrid belongs to late-ripening crops. The bulb is rounded, semi-sharp in taste, weight 90 g. The upper scales are brown. The pulp is white, juicy.

The yield of the variety is high, it is characterized by drought resistance and rarely suffers from fungal diseases. The harvest is suitable for long-term storage, while maintaining taste and presentation.

Green banner

High-yielding Green Banner onions have early fruit ripening. Bow type batun. The plant forms erect leaves up to 50 cm long, dark green in color with a wax coating.

Retain juiciness for a long time and do not grow coarse. Green leaves are frozen, dried and used in cooking. The variety is disease-resistant, especially resistant to Fusarium and pink root rot.

Golden

Onion hybrid Golden Semko is recommended to be grown on a turnip from seeds. The hybrid has early ripening terms, which leave 73 days. A dense, rounded bulb weighing 90 g is formed. Dry scales are bright yellow. The taste of white pulp is semi-sharp.

Taste and commercial qualities are preserved for 6 months. Good development is noted even with irregular watering and high air temperatures.

Danilovsky

In the description of the Danilovsky onion variety, high yields and good disease resistance are noted. Belongs to the onion type of vegetable crop. Turnip ripening begins after 100 days. Dry scales of a purple hue. The taste of light purple pulp is semi-sharp. The shape of the bulb is flat-round, weight 100 g.

Yellow dragonfly

Yellow dragonfly with excellent characteristics is a mid-season onion variety. The period from germination to mass lodging of tops is 100 days. The bulb is small, round, slightly flattened. Dry scales of straw-yellow color. Pulp of sweet taste, bulb weight 60 g.

Sterling F1

The onion hybrid Sterling F1 is recommended for growing on turnips as an annual plant from seed and as a biennial plant from sets. Belongs to the late-ripening, onion culture. Dry outer scales are white. The taste of the pulp is semi-sharp. The mass of a round bulb is 120 g. The yield is high.

Siberia F1

Onion Siberia F1 is recommended to be grown on a turnip from seeds. Refers to an early ripe culture. The white flesh is semi-sharp in taste. The bulb weighs 100 g. Dry scales are colored yellow-brown. It tolerates frost well, the variety is resistant to diseases and pests.

Elan

Growing Elan onions from seeds is not difficult. Bulbs of a round-flat shape ripen early, their weight is 110 g. The husk is yellow, the flesh is white. The taste is soft, sweetish.

Seeds are frost-resistant, germinate even at a temperature of +1 degree. Before winter, they are sown a month before the onset of frost. Bulbs will begin to form in mid-May. Juicy bulbs are harvested in mules, they are not stored for a long time.

Senshui

Description of the winter onion hybrid of the Senshui variety notes early ripening, frost resistance, high yield and disease resistance.

The plant reaches a height of 50 cm. The leaves are wide dark green. The head is rounded, slightly flattened. Outside golden yellow, inner scales white. Bulb weight 170 g.

Hybrid Kaoba

The Kaoba onion hybrid has an average ripening time. From the moment of planting to ripening, 110 days pass. Belongs to the onion type of vegetable crop. The fruits are round with a smooth yellow-brown surface.

The variety is characterized by high yield, long shelf life, high resistance to diseases and pests.

Salad

Easy to grow lettuces are easy to grow and require little space. The vegetable crop grows rapidly and is rarely subject to disease. All types of salad vegetables grow well in fertile, compacted soils. Harvest is stored no more than 4 months. Bulbs contain many useful components.

The varieties of the salad group include: Exhibition, Y alta, Ermak. The flesh of the bulbs is juicy with a pleasant semi-sharp, piquant flavor.

Choose according to your taste

Each type and variety of onion is suitable for cooking individual dishes (salads, canning, stewing, baking). Cultivation involves the passage of the same stages. Be sure to prepare planting material, choose a place for planting, regularly water seedlings, fertilize, loosen and weed.

When choosing a type of vegetable crop, attention should be paid to ripening time, yield, and it is imperative to study the main characteristics: color, taste and head size, suitability of leaves for food, and care requirements.

Strigunov's variety has been chosen by vegetable growers for many years. The taste of the onion is sharp and juicy. The ripening period lasts 80 days. Harvest can be stored for a long time without losing taste.

Golden Onion Semko forms a large rounded head (weight 100 g) in a short time. The taste is semi-sharp. The crop is stored perfectly for a long time. It is not affected by diseases and has a high yield.