String beans: description of the best varieties and species with names with photos

Beans are a popular vegetable crop, valued throughout the world as a source of vegetable protein. Cultural types of beans differ in the shape and size of the bushes, the color of the beans, the length and color of the shoulder blades. Names and a brief description of varieties will help you make a choice.

Description of beans

Beans can be considered a vegetable analogue of meat. It contains such a volume of protein that it can replace chicken meat. Beans and pods are unique in composition, they contain the whole set of useful substances necessary for our body. Bean fruits and pods are a source of vitamins and microelements.

Beans belong to the category of dietary products, despite the high calorie content - 100 g contains 330 kcal. Beans appear in the composition of unloading diets. Benefits of Pods and Beans:

• reduce sugar levels in diabetics, contributes to this arginine contained in beans, which is involved in metabolic processes;
• have a positive effect on immunity due to the content of vitamins - natural antioxidants;
• improve bowel function with methionine, tyrosine and lysine, which affect the rate of protein absorption;
• there is a slight diuretic effect and a positive effect on the entire human genitourinary system.

Bean grains containing protein are popular among vegetarians, they are part of various dishes. Raw grains are not eaten, they contain toxins that can harm the body.During heat treatment, they are destroyed and do not cause poisoning.

The legume is cultivated in many countries, it has many varieties that differ in characteristics:

• bean pod shape;
• color of blades and grains;
• bush type;
• taste;
• growing method;
• method of consumption (beans or pods).

Types of beans

Before you buy seeds for planting, you need to figure out what types of beans are and what is their difference. All varieties are divided according to the method of use into 3 groups:

• husking - they eat beans;
• asparagus (sugar) - use the blades together with grains, the blades of the blades do not contain hard fibers, the seeds are not large;
• universal (semi-sugar) - immature pods are eaten, and after ripening - grains.

Distinguish varieties of beans according to the shape of the bush: semi-curly, curly, bush. Bush type beans are used for cultivation on an industrial scale and in household plots. At agricultural enterprises, the crop is harvested manually or mechanized. The height of the bushes does not exceed 60 cm. The varieties of this species are unpretentious, productive, cold-resistant.

Varieties of climbing culture form long whips up to 5 m, require support. Care for such varieties is more difficult, they ripen later. Curly beans are very decorative, they are used in landscape design for decorating the background, decorating fences, walls of houses and sheds. The type of semi-curly includes those varieties in which the length of the lashes does not exceed 2 meters.

Asparagus beans: varieties

String beans are tender, juicy pods without a parchment layer and medium-sized grains. Breeding work on this culture is being carried out in many countries of the world (USA, France, Holland, Russia, Italy).

The most popular among domestic vegetable growers is Vigna - a long-leaved species common in India and Asia. The varieties of this variety are mid-season, it takes 80 days for the pods to ripen. In temperate climates, grown as a greenhouse crop.

Curly beans: varieties

There are good varieties of beans of domestic selection, which are not inferior in characteristics to imported ones, so it is difficult to decide which ones are better to buy. The Red Riding Hood variety deserves the attention of summer residents. She is loved for her beautiful, strong, well curly shoots, which reach a length of 3-3.5 m.

Decorative properties are clearly manifested during flowering, which lasts from June to September. The bush throws out long peduncles crowned with beautiful flower tassels. The little red riding hood is used to decorate garden structures, the fruits are harvested and used to prepare vegetable side dishes, salads, stews.

In the Russian regions, climbing sugar varieties give stable yields:

• Winner;
• Golden nectar;
• Melody.

The melody is the earliest, the pods begin to be consumed in 1.5 -2 months, followed by the precocity of Golden Nectar, it ripens on the 70th day. The winner is the most late-ripening, he needs at least 3 months to form the shoulder blades.

Bush beans: varieties

There is a compact bush variety of asparagus beans, which due to early ripening (55-65 days) can be grown in any region of the Russian Federation. The low-growing variety Bona (bush height 40 cm) was bred by domestic breeders; it can be found in summer cottages in Siberia and the Moscow region. Shoulders and white bean seeds are eaten.

Pod specifications:

• length 15cm;
• round shape with curved tip;
• there are no hard fibers in the pulp of the valves;
• bean count 5, color white.

Tepari is popular in the south-east of Russia. This is a special type of bush bean native to the Southern states of the USA. It is valued for heat resistance, drought resistance and good immunity. Species characteristics:

• shrubs up to 0.5m high or climbing varieties with 3m lashes;
• flowers white, pink, light purple;
• pod length 10cm;
• seed color depends on the variety and can be variegated, burgundy, white, brown.

The taste of beans depends on the color. This popular variety of legume is used for medicinal, culinary and animal feed purposes.

Corn beans

The broad beans of the bush type are considered to be universal in relation to the region of cultivation. It does not require special care, grows in any climate. The grains are of nutritional value; the leaves are not eaten. Grains are stored dry for a long time and do not require freezing; they are heat-treated (boiled, stewed) before use.

Climbing varieties deserve attention. The whips of the Royal Grain in a short time grow up to 3.5 m, during flowering they serve as a decoration of the garden (garden). The formation and maturation of pods (12-14 cm) lasts about 70 days. The grains are large, white, 3-4 pcs. in a pod.

Grain bean variety Beauty is chosen for the original color of the grains (it is two-color), cold resistance, compact, productive bushes resistant to diseases. The return of the crop is friendly, the beans have a good taste, and are universal in use.

Medium-ripening bean Ruby was named so not in vain, its large grains are painted in dark cherry, almost ruby color. Bush plant (height 60 cm). The pods are even, straight, up to 15 cm long. Ruby's advantages: no lodging, resistance to bacteriosis, good taste.

Shokoladnitsa bean forms tall bushes, belongs to mid-late varieties, variegated beans. The background of the grains is light brown, the spots (specks) are white. Extended fruiting.

Description of characteristics of variety Gribovskaya 92:

• mid-early (90-110 days);
• bush height from 20 to 45 cm;
• Bob length 15 cm, sashes contain hard fibres.

Fruit color

In most summer cottages, shelling and asparagus beans are grown with beans of four basic colors:

• white;
• yellow;
• red;
• purple.

In the USA, a white type of legume is popular - Navi, with small grains that do not require long-term heat treatment.

White

In Turkey and a number of Asian countries, just like in the United States, they love white beans, they grow Chali - a type of bush bean. Large beans are boiled for 40 minutes without pre-soaking. Heat treatment does not reduce the beneficial properties of the fruit; they are most often served stewed.

Red

Mexican cuisine favors red bean varieties. For cooking hot and cold dishes, Kidni beans are grown for canning. The grains of these varieties may have a variegated, purple, dark red color. Beans are very useful due to the high content of iron, for better absorption, grains are cooked along with other vegetables. This variety is recommended for use by patients with diagnoses: diabetes mellitus, rheumatism.

Black

The chokeberry variety Enchantress looks original. The beans are shiny, black, and ripen quickly. The color of the rounded valves is pale yellow (waxy). Pods are long, from 14 to 16 cm, have a delicious taste. Young shoulder blades and fully ripe beans are eaten. The Enchantress rarely suffers from pests and diseases during the season.

Yellow

Yellow green beans are consumed without heat treatment, as well as stewed and boiled. The best is yellow beans Sweet courage. It is famous for high yields of bright yellow beans (length 16 cm), ripens early (from 40 to 55 days). Plant type bush, height of bushes 40 cm.

Brown

Brown kidney-shaped fruits of Violetta curly beans. A beautiful plant with lashes up to 2.5 m long, covered with dark green wrinkled foliage. Ripens in medium terms. Pod Feature:

• curved;
• without parchment layer and fibers;
• leaf color purple.

The yield of Violetta is 2.5 kg/m².

Colorful

Pinto beans are loved and grown in the USA and Latin America, its beans are appetizing, variegated. Brown-red strokes of various sizes and shapes are visible against the pale pink background of the grains. The species began its history in Spain. For lovers of original vegetables, Yin Yang asparagus beans are ideal, this new selection cannot but be liked:

• early ripening;
• pods rounded, bright yellow;
• flowers are beautiful, lemon shade;
• beans have original spotted, white and black colors;
• sashes are tender, without a parchment layer;
• bushes are low.

Fruit size

The range of grain sizes and shapes is wide. There is a classification of varieties based on the size of the grains (pods):

• small;
• medium;
• large.

Large bean varieties

Giant can be called a climbing variety of Blauchild. This plant has everything purple (pods, flowers). The growing season is long - 110 days. In the middle lane, Blauchild is propagated by seedlings. The plant is ornamental, blooms and bears fruit at the same time. Large, wide, purple pods 23 cm long change color to green when cooked. The grains are beige, large. Other varieties of large asparagus beans:

• Green giant;
• Harmony;
• Spaghetti;
• Matilda.

Small

Navi - a kind of small white beans. The grains are very similar in shape to peas (round, small). They are very useful because of the high content of fiber and vitamins. The taste of the beans is delicate, the texture is dense. Nutritional value:

• protein 25.1g;
• fat 1.5g;
• carbs 69.1g

Bean varieties by maturity

Maturing time is one of the important characteristics of the variety. The classification for all species is the same, the evaluation parameters are given in the table. Ripening rate in days

EarlyUp to 65 Mid-early Mid-ripening Late

65 to 75
75 to 100
From 100

Popular among summer residents are early and mid-early varieties that ripen quickly in a temperate climate. For landing in the country choose:

• Saksa 615 - an old, well-deserved bush type variety, in operation since 1943, forms bushes up to 54 cm high, shoulder blades grow up to 13 cm in length, beans are colored yellow, ripening early (50 days);
• Caramel is a bush variety that forms long beans, devoid of hard fibers, with beans of excellent taste, characterized by increased immunity to legume diseases;
• Shakhinya is a vegetable variety, bushy (30 cm high), forms light green shoulder blades up to 11 cm long and 0.9 cm in diameter, no parchment layer, excellent taste, high disease resistance.

Large selection of mid-season varieties. The Winner variety deserves special attention. This is a beautiful climbing plant. The winner is valued by summer residents for the high decorativeness of the bushes, with its help they create spectacular hedges in the garden, arrange gazebos and terraces. The pods are formed long (30 cm) flat shape, the taste of the beans is good.

It is worth paying attention to the universal late-ripening variety (100 days ripens) Moscow white. Unripe shoulder blades (up to 11 cm long) and ripened white beans are eaten.Moscow white forms 40 cm compact bushes, the yield of which can reach up to 1.5 kg / m².

Recommendations by region

The technology of growing leguminous crops does not depend on the climatic zone. There are differences in the timing of planting (harvesting) and the composition of the soil. For each region, you can choose a variety that is suitable in terms of ripening. Late-ripening species grow well in Siberia in closed ground.

For Siberia

Growing this legume in Siberia is common. There is a large selection of varieties that mature outdoors during the short Siberian summer:

• Gold of Siberia - vegetable species, medium-sized bushes, yellow pods, white grains, yield 1.4 kg/m²;
• Nika - productive vegetable variety of early ripening (50 days), bush 44 cm high, wings pale green, do not contain coarse fibers, ocher-colored grains are kidney-shaped;
• Siberian;
• Anniversary.

For mid lane

In the middle lane, Swallow beans are especially popular. This grain species is unpretentious, adapting well to weather conditions. Variety characteristics:

• bush low, compact;
• early maturity;
• pod length 15cm;
• grain is white with black strokes in the shape of a swallow.

For southern regions

The table shows varieties for southern regions.

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Varieties by cultivation method

For open ground, zoned varieties (asparagus, cereals) are chosen that are resistant to infections and climatic conditions of the region. Popular among asparagus:

• Flamingo;
• Crane;
• Gerda;
• Polka.

From grain varieties, preference is given to Swallow, Ruby, Chocolate.

Recommended for greenhouse:

• Cobra;
• Ferrari;
• Golden Tipi;
• Blue Lake.

For the balcony, they buy seeds of undersized bush asparagus beans Mascote, this variety is especially popular in France. Small bushes will be comfortable in a pot placed on the balcony.Small bushes bear fruit well. Long (15 cm) green pods, juicy and tasty, ripen in 50 days.

Successful work of domestic and foreign breeders allows us to grow new interesting varieties every year.

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