Grape mite: how to fight and how to treat with folk remedies

Often there are problems with growing grapes, it is not only a tasty delicacy for humans, but also for many other living organisms, which sometimes cause significant harm to the plant. One of these pests is the grape mite or grape itch, which penetrates the bark or buds of a plant in winter, and destroys leaves and young vines in summer.

What is this pest?

The grape mite belongs to the class of arachnids, a superfamily of four-legged mites. It has the popular names of itch, felt mite, spider mite, it multiplies rapidly, although it does not live long.

The parasite can only be seen under a microscope. Its presence will be visible by some signs, although at first it can be confused with mildew disease:

1. Curled leaves with burgundy tubercles.
2. Young leaves are smaller.
3. Starting from mid-summer, the green mass becomes gray-white.
4. Yellowing or necrotic spots on leaves.
5. Young shoots are stunted, dry up.

Careful inspection should be carried out along the veins of the leaf from the inside and outside, these places are most attractive to the pest.

If females hibernate under the bark of grapes, in cracks or buds, then in spring they begin to show their activity at a temperature of 5-10 °C. Throughout the winter, females and males adapt to survive without leaving offspring - such individuals are called "deutogynous".

With the advent of spring-summer, females lay inseminated and non-inseminated eggs, which go through 4 stages of the life cycle and are called "protogyn", actively breeding throughout the warm season.

This type of parasite is most commonly transmitted by new grapes, by grafting, or by insects and wind. Ticks climb into the bark for the winter on varieties with early ripening, on others - into the kidneys.

What harm can it do?

By sucking the juice from the leaves, mites disrupt the process of photosynthesis in them, after which the leaves begin to dry out and fall off along with the remaining unhatched eggs. If you do not remove these leaves, then the tick can winter in the soil, and in the spring destroy vineyards with greater force. Other insects or birds may carry the parasite, increasing its distribution area. Inflorescences affected by spider mites will also turn brown and fall off.

The danger of the pest lies in the fact that, climbing under the bark into cracks for the winter, it can carry spores of fungi on its belly, which grow rapidly in spring and sometimes require pruning of the bush at the root.

Pest characteristics

Life expectancy is 1.5-2.5 months, during this time the female tick lays up to 10 times eggs in an amount of 20 to 300 pieces. The appearance of itching can not be immediately detected, it is very small from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, inconspicuous: milky yellow, cylindrical in shape. Its presence can be determined after the female lays eggs, which she fastens on the inside of the leaf with felt threads, forming small white spots below, and a convex brown tubercle on top of the leaf.

The larvae from eggs appear after 7-10 days and in 2 weeks grow to an adult that can lay eggs. Males differ in appearance from females, they are smaller, up to 0.14 mm.

Deformation of leaf sections occurs due to the sucking of juices by ticks. From April to October, on grapes that are not processed, 3-10 generations can grow, from 1 tick to 27 million, spreading throughout the bush and destroying the plant and its crop. Due to the sucking of the juice from the grapes, the berries do not receive the necessary elements, some fall off, while others delay the ripening and development of young vines.

There are several types of itching on grapes:

1. Turkestan.
2. Garden.
3. Regular.
4. Felt mite.
5. Kidney.

Turkestan and common ticks can overwinter in fallen leaves or weeds. Garden and felt hibernate in the bark of grapes. Accordingly, the kidney hibernates in the scales of the kidneys.

How to deal with grape mites

To effectively deal with the reproduction of mites, the growing conditions of the plant must be observed. Preventive control measures are also important:

1. Removal of affected leaves, shoots and their burning.
2. In the fall, clean up pruned vines and fallen leaves, burning is also recommended to prevent ticks from being carried by the wind.
3. Clearing the territory from weeds.
4. Spraying infected trees (pears, apples, plums).

It will also be effective to treat not only your site with drugs, but also cooperation with neighbors and simultaneous treatment with them.

If, nevertheless, an infection with a felt mite in a small amount occurred on the site, then many use folk remedies. In case of severe contamination of the area, gentle and aggressive chemicals are used. To completely get rid of the parasite, it is necessary to apply a set of measures: mechanically process vineyards, folk and chemical remedies.

Use of chemicals

Dilute drugs should be in such a container that it is convenient to process the affected shoots and leaves. The agent must penetrate and penetrate the felt coating, then the fight against the parasite will be effective.

Preparations that can be used to treat the vineyard in spring:

1. "DNOC";
2. Nitrafen;
3. Apollo;
4. Emulsion No. 30, No. 30a, No. 30c.

Summer use:

1. "Phozalon";
2. Keltan;
3. Bi-58;
4. colloidal sulfur;
5. Theedion;
6. Akarin.

The whole spring-autumn period can be used:

• Aktellik;
• colloidal sulfur;
• "Neoron";
• Pliktran;
• Orthus;
• Karbofos;
• "Thiovit-Jet";

• Omite;
• Fufanon;
• "Thunder", "Thunder 2";
• Fyori;
• "Vertimek";
• Talstar;
• Zolone;

• "Envidor;
• "Calypso";
• Mospilan;
• Kinmiks;
• Bazudin;
• Phozalon.

When treating with drugs, you need to carefully study the instructions and the correct dosage, as well as the period of time after which you need to spray. It is also important how aggressive the drug is to the surrounding plants around and beneficial insects. The most aggressive are: "Aktellik", "Vertimek", "Omayt", but they act on the tick faster than other drugs. The most suitable time for treatment with such drugs is the period of bud break.

Folk ways of fighting

Folk remedies are used for small infections of the bushes.

Spray infusions of marigolds, onion peel, pyrethrum, calamus root, bird cherry color.

Infusion of pyrethrum (Dalmatian chamomile) is part of most drugs that fight domestic and garden insects.Pour crushed flowers and leaves of pyrethrum (1 cup) with boiling water (150 g) and leave for 2 days. Spray the plant after 5-7 days, leaves and green, woody vines. To make the infusion more effective and blur the felt threads, you can add 2 tbsp to the resulting amount of filtered solution. l. alcohol, 50 g soap solution (from laundry soap).

Infusion of marigolds (Chernobrivtsy). 100 g of fresh flowers are poured into 100 g of warm water, respectively, for 1 kg of flowers - 1 liter of water. Infuse for 3 days in a dark, warm place, then filter, add 100 g of a solution of laundry soap. Spray the soil around the vineyard, vines, leaves every 10 days.

Infusion of garlic. Twist 2 large heads, put in a liter jar, pour 0.5 liters of warm water. Leave warm for 5 days, spray 1 time in 2 weeks.

Onion scales help fight small settled plantations.It will take 200 g of husks or 400 g of old onions with husks, which is poured with a bucket of hot water (8 l), insisted for 2 days, filtered and sprayed once every 10 days. For greater efficiency, you can add an infusion of garlic and a soapy solution to the solution.

Bird cherry flowers (100 g) insist in 100 g of alcohol for 5 days, strain, then add soapy water and spray grape leaves.

Calamus root is poured with boiling water in the proportion of 100 g of powder from calamus roots per 1 liter of water. In a dark place, leave for 24 hours, strain and process the diseased plant.

Dandelion, its leaves and root, finely chopped (1 kg) pour warm water (8 l). Insist in the sun for 2 days, strain, treat diseased areas.

Decoctions of henbane, tobacco and horseradish are also used. Before using all means, you need to wear a face mask and gloves, since many plants contain alkaloids that can have a toxic effect not only on insects, but also on humans.Carry out processing in sunny, calm weather. If it rained before the second spraying period, then it is necessary to carry out the treatment again. Fresh solutions are made before each use, as herbs lose their properties during long-term storage.

Prevention measures

Preventive measures should start with site sanitization:

• Constant cleansing of weeds, other diseased plants.
• Apply in spring and autumn preventive spraying with the preparation "Bi-58", Bordeaux mixture.
• Proper care in compliance with all agricultural practices.
• Choosing he althy plant varieties for grafting.
• Digging the soil and spraying with insecticides.

• Regular inspection of the green mass of plants.
• Change treatments in spring, summer and autumn so that the parasite cannot adapt to one remedy.
• Do not process when the berries are ripe and 20 days before harvest.
• The vine must not come into contact with the soil.

Sick leaves are removed, and spraying is carried out in sunny weather in the evening or morning, always in accordance with the instructions.

Tick is a parasite that feeds on the contents of the cells of grape leaves, which negatively affects the number of berries tied and filling them with sugars, ripening. On varieties with white and yellow berries, it forms yellow bumpy spots, on red, pink, blue - brown bumps, while the leaf plate may begin to curl around the edges. Timely measures to combat the pest will be able to save the crop and bushes from death.

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