Insecticides: what is it, types of preparations and processing rules, methods of action

Destruction of dangerous insects is considered an important component of the combined care of agricultural plants. To cope with parasites, you need to use special tools. Today, there are many varieties of insecticides that differ in composition, purpose, and application features. To ensure that the use of such funds does not cause harm, it is important to follow safety rules.

What are insecticides

Insecticide preparations are used to control pests. Such funds are often used in large and private farms. They help to destroy parasites that lead to the defeat of cultivated plants, reducing yields and deteriorating their appearance.

Chemical agents affect not only adults, but also larvae or eggs. Before using store-bought products, it is important to make sure that they are suitable for the destruction of a particular species of individuals. After that, it is required to determine the site of treatment and dosage. If applied correctly, it will be possible to save the crop and not harm people, animals and plants.

Classification of poison by purpose of use

Insecticides are classified according to different criteria. They can be contact or systemic. Depending on the purpose of use, it is worth choosing drugs that help to obtain such effects:

• control the functions of ion channels - this provokes damage to nerves and muscles;
• disrupt the functions of postsynaptic membrane receptors - thanks to this, it is possible to block the transmission of nerve impulses;
• suppress the production of chitin and lipids - this provokes a violation of the processes of molting and subsequent development;
• suppress mitochondrial function - this stops ATP production.

Classification by mode of action

According to the method of influence on pests, the following types of funds are distinguished:

1. Contact - provoke intoxication when interacting with different parts of the body of an insect. They are mainly used to combat parasites that have piercing-sucking mouthparts. Also, these funds can be used to combat caterpillars.
2. Intestinal - These products are designed to be eaten by parasites. They are absorbed by the intestines and provoke intoxication of the body. Treatment with such means is used to destroy insects that are distinguished by a gnawing type of mouth apparatus.
3. Systemic - such substances enter the vascular system of crops and can lead to the death of parasites living inside. They also affect those insects that eat stems and leaves.
4. Fumigants - These chemicals are used for fumigation. They affect the respiratory organs of pests.

Types of insecticides by substance

Depending on the chemical composition, the following categories of insecticides are distinguished:

1. Inorganic - also called mineral. This type of product is made on the basis of barium, zinc, fluorine. Arsenic and paraffin oils are also used for this.
2. Organic - are synthetic products based on phosphorus and chlorine. These plant treatments are broad spectrum and can be used in the home.

General application rules

So that the use of chemicals does not lead to negative results, you must strictly follow the instructions. There, the manufacturer indicates the features of use, dosage, safety rules. Depending on the composition and characteristics of the action of the substance, the following activities can be carried out:

• water treatment;
• fumigation - in this case, the substance is treated in the form of gas or steam;
• dusting - in this case, you need to spray a fine powder on green plant fragments;
• introduction into the soil layers and loosening.

When using water-soluble formulations, it is first recommended to mix the drug with a third of the volume of water indicated in the dosage, and wait for the substance to dissolve. Then you need to bring the amount of liquid to the optimum and use the composition according to the instructions.Apply the working solution immediately. Subsequently, the chemical elements will lose their properties, and the processing will not be as effective.

When using insecticides, it is important to follow these rules:

• do not spray plantings at temperatures below +5 degrees;
• apply the working solution only in a fine spray;
• solutions must be thoroughly filtered and mixed;
• when using settling compounds, periodically shake the container.

Safety when using

Completely harmless means for people do not exist. Therefore, they should be used only when absolutely necessary. If sprayed, there is a risk of toxic components entering the lungs.

Because it is so important to protect the respiratory organs with a respirator.

To minimize the risk of negative effects of insecticides on the body, you should follow these rules:

1. Avoid inhalation of the drug and its contact with exposed skin, mouth or eyes. To prevent this, it is necessary to use protective clothing, a respirator, gloves, a headgear.
2. After finishing treatment, wash hands and face well with soap and water. If possible, it is recommended to take a shower and wash clothes in a soda solution.
3. Insecticide residues should be kept in a container marked "poison". It is recommended to do this out of reach of children and pets. Substances must be kept away from food and animal feed.
4. Ready-made solutions are not subject to long-term storage. Immediately after processing, the composition must be disposed of, and the dishes must be washed thoroughly.
5. Duration of insecticide use should not exceed 1 hour.

Insecticides are considered effective substances that help to cope with various types of insects. In order for them to give the desired effect, you need to choose the right composition and clearly follow the instructions for its use.

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