Preparation of soil in a greenhouse for tomatoes in spring: how and what to process

Annual soil preparation in a greenhouse for tomatoes in the spring takes time and effort. Its need cannot be underestimated. Spring soil preparation is especially important in old greenhouses. It is difficult to establish a crop rotation in a small greenhouse. Fungal spores accumulate in the soil - microorganisms that are dangerous for tomatoes. The land in the greenhouse is depleted due to intensive exploitation of the greenhouse space from early spring to October. Information on how to properly prepare the soil can be useful to a beginner vegetable grower.

Summary of Processing Methods

The soil for tomatoes in a greenhouse that has been in operation for more than a year probably contains fungi and bacteria that are harmful to nightshade crops. Before planting tomatoes, you need to process the soil in one of the following ways:

• chemical;
• biological;
• thermal.

Consider each method in detail, this will help you choose the most suitable one, prepare the soil in the greenhouse in a timely manner, without spending extra money and time.

Chemical Treatments

Spring tillage with the use of chemicals is carried out in extreme cases. The use of chemicals in the greenhouse for tomatoes is justified in the fall. Beneficial microorganisms destroyed by chemistry naturally have time to recover in the soil before planting a tomato. When using chemicals in the spring, soil fertility is restored with the help of biological preparations.

Table of chemicals that can be used in the spring before planting tomatoes in the greenhouse.

apply 2% solution according to the attached instructions 80 g /m² before planting tomatoesin holes of 60 g, 100 g/m² for digging no more than once a season

Drug	Method of application	Time of application	Dosage	Frequency
formalin	watering the soil	at least 14 days before planting a tomato	per 1 m² of a greenhouse 10 l of a solution of 40% concentration surface watering of the soil	before planting a day or two in the holes
not more often 1 time in 5 years		sulphur bombs	hermetically sealed greenhouse treated with burning pellet gas	early spring, after the topsoil thaws
		TMTD fungicide	spread the powder over the dug up surface of the beds, harrow	annual work in the spring
no more than once per season, soil for tomato ov in the greenhouse		iprodion 2 %	apply as a dry powder to the soil in the greenhouse before planting

How to restore soil fertility after applying chemistry

When we treat the soil in a greenhouse with chemistry, we are forced to kill not only pathogenic microorganisms, but beneficial bacteria are also destroyed. Microflora needs to be restored. Start restoration work 7 days after applying any chemicals. For many years, Baikal Em-1 has been used for these purposes - a certified tool for the rapid restoration of soil microflora.

Baikal contains beneficial microorganisms:

• fermenting mushrooms;
• nitrogen-fixing bacteria;
• photosynthetic bacteria.

5 days before processing, prepare the working fluid. Defend 4 liters of tap water, add 40 ml of the drug, 4 tbsp. l honey, mix, cover loosely with a lid. Insist 5 days. Use the prepared solution for watering the soil.

Important! Use Baikal EM-1 at a soil temperature of 10 ° C and above, if the soil in the greenhouse is dry, water it abundantly and only after that treat it with the prepared solution of Baikal.

After chemical treatment, be sure to add compost or humus to the soil for tomatoes to restore humus, lowland peat to improve soil structure and normalize its acidity.

Increase soil fertility solutions of potassium s alts of humic acids:

• Energen-Aqua;
• Gumivit;
• Guvitan-S.

Thermal soil treatment in spring

Heat treatment of soil is a time-consuming procedure. In autumn, remove the top layer of soil (5-10 cm). In winter, it freezes, and in spring it needs to be spread out with a layer of 10 cm on any flat surface covered with a black film.Steam can be used for heat treatment, but boiling water is usually used in garden plots.

The earth is poured with water from a watering can, covered with a film. To preserve heat, straw or reed mats are thrown over the film. Any heat-insulating material is suitable for this purpose.

Sheltered land should rest for at least 3 days. After that, it can be brought into the greenhouse. Any heat treatment of the earth adversely affects beneficial microorganisms. Pour the prepared ridges with any biological product that restores fertility. In 2 weeks it will be possible to plant tomatoes.

Biological soil restoration

The biological method of soil restoration involves the use of biopreparations of soil fertility. The mechanism of action of these biological products is based on the ability of microorganisms, processing organic matter, to form compounds available to plants.

Preparing a greenhouse for planting tomato seedlings with the help of biological products is very effective. Reduces the likelihood of late blight, blossom end rot, TMV, and other fungal diseases In the soil treated with a biological product, beneficial microorganisms suppress the activity of pathogens, this contributes to better growth of tomatoes, reducing the incidence. When a summer resident has a question, how to treat a greenhouse in early spring, so that during the summer you do not have to treat a tomato, you can advise proven preparations:

• Baikal;
• Baktofit;
• Trichodermin.

To restore the soil, biological preparations should be applied for several years (3-4 years). The greenhouse in the spring, in parallel with the use of drugs, should be filled with a new portion of organic matter.This is well-rotted manure, chicken manure, compost. The richer the earth is in organic residues, the more microorganisms will produce useful substances.

Composting

For planting a tomato, it is best to use self-made compost. It can be prepared during the summer using any modern biological product. For example, you can take the biological product Ekomik Harvest. It speeds up the maturation of the compost. During the summer and autumn, waste accumulates in the summer cottage:

• tops;
• leaves;

• cut shoots;
• cut grass.

They do not need to be destroyed, they are excellent raw materials for making quick compost. Biological waste should be placed in loose piles. Pour heaps with a solution of a biological product each time a new layer 20-30 cm thick is formed.

To prepare 10 liters of solution, you need 100 ml of the drug. The maturation of such compost takes from 1.5 to 3 months. Such compost can be added to the holes in the spring; for growing tomatoes indoors, this is an excellent organic fertilizer. It is enough to add 5 to 10 kg of homemade compost per square meter.

After the ridges are filled with compost, they are shed with a liquid solution of a biological product a week before sowing. Water (10 l) is heated to a temperature of 25 ° C, 100 ml of Ekomik Harvest is added to it. For greenhouse use, the consumption rate is 1 l / m². For disinfection, all the supporting structures of the greenhouse are treated with this solution.

Fitosporin M for soil disinfection

In the spring, the treatment of the land with the Fitosporin M fungicide is simply necessary if there was an outbreak of any fungal disease in the greenhouse the previous summer.You can buy the product in powder or paste form. A liquid form is also available, but it is more suitable for home floriculture. Easy to use paste. The solution prepared from it can retain its properties for a long time. The undoubted advantage of the fungicide is the wide range of temperatures at which it can be applied (from -40 °C to + 50 °C).

The soil in the greenhouse is first treated with Fitosporin in early spring, the treatment is repeated after 2 weeks. The best time to work is in the evening. This is explained by the fact that under the influence of sunlight, the activity of the substance decreases.

Methods for preparing a working solution from powder and paste are different. When purchasing a powder, you need to remember that the solution must be prepared on the day of work, 2 hours before they start. 10 liters of water will require 5 g of powder.

A concentrated solution is prepared from the paste in a ratio of 1:2. For 100 g of paste, 200 ml of water is required. A concentrated solution can be stored for a long time, it is diluted before use and used for its intended purpose. The soil in the greenhouse, with an aqueous solution of Fitosporin, is shed a week before transplanting tomato seedlings into the ground. Phytosporin can be used for preventive treatment of planting material - tomato seedlings.

Preparing beds for tomatoes

In spring, in greenhouses, due to the difference in day and night temperatures, the earth can cool, which negatively affects tomato seedlings. Tomato roots do not tolerate hypothermia. The construction of warm beds accelerates the transplantation of tomato seedlings into greenhouses. For heating, it is better to use fresh manure.

Building a ridge is easy. It is necessary to dig a not wide trench (30 cm) for the entire length of the ridge, a depth of a shovel bayonet or a little deeper.Lay manure in the trench, compact it and spill it with boiling water. Pour a layer of earth on top. Planting holes can be formed on both sides of the trench. The manure will release heat as it rots, gently warming the soil.

When digging tomato ridges, humus, peat, sand must be added to each square meter of the ridge. The proportions depend on the type of soil. Add rotted sawdust (10 kg / m²) moistened with an aqueous solution of urea to clay soil. A bucket of water requires 150 g of urea. One bucket of solution is enough for 3 buckets of sawdust.

Introduce mineral fertilizers into the soil, when digging, except for organic matter (compost, humus):

• 200g potash;
• 250g Phosphorus;
• 350g nitrogen.

Consumption is based on 10 m².

You don't have to worry about the fate of tomatoes if the soil in the greenhouse is prepared according to all the rules.

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