Frost-resistant grape varieties: description of the best and largest, cultivation with video
Grapes are among the most common crops among most gardeners. People encounter this berry every day, as the plant is added to many food products. There are many varieties of culture. However, frost-resistant varieties of sweet grapes, which grow even in the northern regions, are especially popular. Before planting such grapes, you need to familiarize yourself with its varieties and growing characteristics.
History and breeding features
At the origins of the breeding of frost-resistant varieties of grapes is I.V. Michurin. With its help, in the first half of the last century, the first winter-hardy berries were created that could endure the winter temperature drop. In those years, the best frost-resistant varieties were bred, among which are Metallic, Arctic, Concord.
A few years later, breeder Ya. I. Potapenko joined the breeding of new grape varieties. He decided to create plants that would not only endure frost, but also cope with most diseases. His research resulted in the creation of such grapes as Honey, Stepnyak and Suvorovets.
From the beginning of the sixties, domestic breeders decided to create technical varieties that could be grown in Siberia. This was done by a scientist from Orenburg - Shatilov. He devoted several years of his life to creating the most resistant grape varieties. As a result, he created Amur black and white grapes.
In the second half of the twentieth century, the work of breeders reached a new level, thanks to which large and winter-hardy grape berries were grown on an industrial scale, even in areas with severe frosts. To date, many zoned varieties of grapes have been created that grow in open ground in Primorye, the Far East and the Urals.
Such plants are adapted to growing in conditions where the temperature drops below 30 degrees below zero.
What are the benefits?
Frost-resistant varieties of vines have a number of advantages that you should be familiar with before growing them. The main advantages include the following:
- Resistant to low temperatures.The main advantage of these grape varieties is that they are adapted to a cold climate. Grape seedlings will grow normally without additional shelters, even if temperatures drop to 25-30 degrees below zero.
- Disease resistance. This is the second most important advantage of winter-hardy plants. They are less likely than other varieties to be attacked by pests and do not suffer from any diseases.
- Transportability. We should separately mention the advantages of berries, which after picking are stored for a long time and transported even over long distances. The harvested grape crop does not spoil for 3-4 weeks.
Early hardy varieties
Among summer residents living in regions with a cold climate, winter-hardy grapes with early ripening berries are popular. There are several early-ripening varieties that are planted most often.
Transformation
Many lovers of early berries plant the Transformation grape variety in the garden, the clusters of which ripen within 95-105 days. A feature of this grape is that it is able to bear fruit several times a season.
Transformation has large clusters, the weight of which is one and a half kilograms. If all agrotechnical rules are observed during cultivation, the mass of one brush can reach 2-3 kilograms. The clusters consist of many conical berries, each weighing 10-20 grams.
Victor
Victor is considered an early grape, the fruits of which are ripened in early August or in the second half of July. Therefore, ripe brushes can be plucked already 70-80 days after the appearance of buds on the bushes.
As with the Transfiguration, ripe bunches are quite large and grow up to 1-2 kilograms.Victor's berries have an oblong shape, their length reaches 5-6 cm, and their weight is 13-15 grams. Among the differences, the taste qualities of fruits are distinguished, which are very juicy and sweet. The main advantages of Victor include the fact that his ripe berries do not crack even at high humidity.
Laura
This is a high-yielding variety, the bushes of which are 80-85% fruit-bearing shoots. Laura is covered with large five-lobed leaves with a dark green tint.
Laura's bunches are small and weigh only 800-900 grams, but this does not affect the yield. Due to the fact that many brushes are tied on the bushes, 20-25 kilograms of berries are harvested from one plant.
Grapes of increased frost resistance
Inhabitants of the northern regions, where low temperatures are stable, prefer to plant winter-hardy varieties of grapes in the garden. It is recommended to familiarize yourself in advance with varieties that are characterized by increased frost resistance.
Lydia
Lydia is a hybrid grape variety that was bred by crossing Labrusa and Vinifera. The advantages of the plant include the taste of ripe fruits and a high level of productivity. Lydia is also valued for her beautiful bushes, with which you can decorate your summer cottage.
When grown on bushes, clusters are formed, which eventually acquire a cylindrical shape. The mass of each of them is only 100-150 grams.
Tukai
Many viticulturists consider Tukay to be an early ripening variety, as its berries ripen in 80-95 days. Sometimes fruit ripening is delayed, but this does not affect the yield, as the variety tolerates frost. Berries are formed on cylindrical clusters. Their size may vary, as it depends on the conditions in which Tukay is grown.
The harvested Tukay can be stored for more than three weeks without losing its taste. This allows ripe grapes to be transported over long distances.
Cardinal
Cardinal is considered a rather old variety, which was bred in America back in the 39th year of the last century. A few years later, it began to be grown not only in the USA, but also in Europe.
In early summer, large brushes begin to form on Cardinal bushes. When they ripen, their length reaches thirty centimeters, and their weight is 650 grams.
What are non-covering varieties?
Many summer residents in regions with low temperatures grow grapes in special greenhouses. However, there are varieties that grow without additional shelters.
Jupiter
This American variety was created in 1984 from the hardy Labrusca grape. The characteristic features of Jupiter include the fact that its berries ripen in 80-90 days. Also among the differences is the fact that flowering begins a week earlier than other early-ripening plants.
Jupiter's bushes are characterized by an average strength of growth, they grow up to 2-3 meters. The advantages of grape seedlings include their resistance to pests and common diseases.
Alpha
To obtain this hybrid variety, varieties such as Labrus and Riparia were crossed. The result is grapes that grow without shelter at a temperature of 35 degrees below zero. Alpha has a late ripening period for berries, and therefore harvesting is carried out only four months after the appearance of the kidneys.
The mass of each mature brush reaches 200 grams, and with proper cultivation, it is possible to achieve that their weight reaches 300 grams. Small berries are formed on the clusters, round in shape and weighing 3-5 grams.
Platovsky
Technical variety of plant with medium maturation. Ripe berries are harvested after 100-120 days. The advantages of Platovsky include the fact that it is easy to care for him. Thanks to this, even inexperienced growers can engage in the cultivation of the variety.
Platovsky cannot boast of large clusters, since their weight is only 150 grams. Each bunch of grapes is densely covered with berries weighing 2-3 grams.
Features of cultivation
To get a good harvest of frost-resistant grapes, you will have to familiarize yourself with the nuances of its cultivation. Therefore, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with several features of agricultural technology:
- Control of tying brushes. Most varieties of winter-hardy grape bushes have a high yield. If you do not remove extra brushes from the bushes, the plant's resistance to frost will deteriorate, and it will freeze.
- Staging. All grape seedlings are actively growing and grow up to 5-8 meters in height. Many shoots appear on the bushes, which should be removed regularly so that they do not interfere with the ripening of berries. Staging is carried out at least 2-3 times per season.
- Pollination. Some varieties have to be self-pollinated with special pollinators. Therefore, you should figure out in advance whether the planted grapes are self-pollinated or not.
Conclusion
In regions with low temperatures, winter-hardy grape varieties have to be planted. However, before that, you should familiarize yourself with the main varieties of such grapes and the rules for growing them.
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