Scab on a pear: causes and treatment, how to deal with drugs and remedies

Most often on a pear you can find a disease such as scab. This is a fungal disease that often infects fruit crops. There are many methods of fighting the fungus, including folk ones.

Scab provocateur

Scab occurs due to the infection of a pear with a fungus. The fungus reproduces by spores that appear during flowering. The spores are carried by insects and wind from tree to tree, infecting almost the entire garden.

The cause of the disease is warm, humid weather. If it is sunny outside and it does not rain for a long time, then the fungus does not multiply. But as soon as wet weather sets in, intensive reproduction of the fungus begins.

Causes:

Wet warm weather.
Air temperature +20… +24 degrees.
Weakened immune system of pears.

Most often, scab spores overwinter in fallen leaves, and in spring, when the weather is favorable, they infect he althy trees.

Timely removal of leaves from the site in the fall will minimize the risk of fungus on the pear.

Main signs of pear infection

To understand what kind of pear disease you have to fight, you need to study the signs of scab. Often, some signs are similar to those of other diseases, so look for any abnormalities when examining the tree.

Signs of scab on a pear:

The first signs of the fungus appear in early spring, when the plant is just beginning to grow leaves.
Small brown spots can be seen on unblown leaves.
As the leaf grows, the spots increase in size.
The spots become oval as they grow.
Gradually they appear on the buds, and then on the fruits.

If you do not notice damage to the pear in time and do not start treatment, very soon the fungus will spread throughout the tree, and then to neighboring plants. It is necessary to fight scab in the initial stages in order to successfully cure the plant. It is worth noting that the problem affects only the back of the sheet. In addition, there are fewer flowers, smaller fruits, and lower yields.

Ways to deal with scab

There are many ways to fight scab, but conditionally they are divided into chemical and folk. Folk remedies are effective in the initial stages of the disease.If the scab has managed to spread to most of the pear, then you will have to use chemical methods. It is also important to take preventive measures. After all, it is easier to prevent a fungus than to treat it.

Bordeaux liquid

Scab can be fought with Bordeaux liquid. You can buy ready-made liquid or buy Bordeaux mixture and dilute it with water. The composition of the mixture includes lime and copper sulfate. In especially advanced cases, pears are sprayed with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture. After flowering, the plants are treated with a 1% liquid solution. About 4 sprays of Bordeaux liquid are allowed per season.

If the product does not have the desired effect, the number of treatments with Bordeaux liquid is increased to 7.

The first time a pear is sprayed with Bordeaux liquid before flowering. It is undesirable to use concentrated solutions. It will not work faster to cope with the fungus, but you can burn the leaves of the tree.

Mineral fertilizers

Mineral fertilizers are universal in that they act not only as a prophylactic against scab, but also saturate the soil with nutrients.

From mineral fertilizers suitable for the prevention of scab:

You can get rid of scab with ammonium nitrate. 3% top dressing is applied to the soil in early spring.
Also in early spring, the pear is fertilized with 3% ammonium sulfate.
In autumn, potash s alt is added to the ground (20 g per 30 liters of warm water).
In autumn, a pear is watered with a solution of nitrophoska.
Urea plants are watered in autumn (100 g per 10 liters of warm water).
Calcium chloride is used in April (5-10%).

Mineral dressings are good because they can be used even during the fruiting period, because they do not belong to chemicals, which means they will not harm humans and the environment.

Chemicals

You can spray a pear from scab with the help of copper-containing preparations. But you have to be careful with them. For a person in large quantities, copper-containing products are toxic and can accumulate in the body. Many chemicals cannot be used if the pear has fruit. The drug "Hom" has proven itself well. The chemical is available in the form of a water-soluble powder of 20 or 40 g.

To prepare a solution, first dissolve 40 g of powder in a small amount of water, and then dilute with 10 liters. Immediately after preparation, the chemical is used.

"Hom" refers to systemic fungicides. It does not accumulate in plant tissues and is quickly washed off by rain. During the season, the pear is sprayed with the Hom preparation no more than 6 times. The interval between treatments is 14 days. It is not recommended to use "Hom" during the flowering period of plants.

Another remedy for scab - "Abiga-peak". This is an analogue of Hom, but in the form of an aqueous suspension. Contains copper oxychloride.

The composition also includes a special substance that allows the drug to be evenly distributed over the sheet and stay on its surface.

To prepare a solution, 50 ml of the product is diluted in 5 liters of water. Abiga-peak is not absorbed into plant tissue. It is recommended to use the drug only in dry weather, so that it has time to gain a foothold on the leaves and it is not washed off with water. During the season, it is recommended to spray the pear no more than 4 times with the Abiga-peak preparation. It is also used as a prophylactic due to its low toxicity.

Another drug for scab - "Oksihom". The composition of the drug includes copper chloride oxide and oxadixyl. Oksadixil is responsible for the long-term action. The protective effect lasts for three days. Then oxadixyl comes into play and destroys the infection in those areas where the main substance failed.This provides protection to plants for up to two weeks.

The chemical is produced in the form of water-soluble granules. "Oxyx" is highly toxic, so it is not recommended to use it after rain and a day before rain. "Kuprikol" is characterized by lower consumption compared to similar means. It also contains copper chloride. The advantage is that the drug is resistant to rain. Also, the solution can be stored for several days without precipitating.

To destroy the fungus on a pear, it is enough to carry out three treatments.

Folk remedies

In the initial stages of scab, trees can be treated with folk remedies. In a neglected state, they are unlikely to help. But at the first sign of scab, they are very effective.

Folk remedies for scab:

Mustard powder (90 g) diluted in 1 bucket of warm water. Treat pear with mustard solution 4 times per season.
Fill a bucket ⅓ full with horsetail. Pour half with warm water and leave for 3 days. Spray the pear with a solution of horsetail after the leaves appear.
Before the buds appear, the tree is treated with saline. 1 kg of s alt for 1 bucket of water.
Potassium permanganate also helps in the fight against scab. Dilute 5 g of potassium permanganate in 10 liters of water. In early spring, potassium permanganate is treated with a trunk circle. The tree is then processed during leafing, flowering and fruiting.

Folk remedies are not as aggressive as chemicals and do not accumulate in fruits. Before you fight with chemicals, you can try to cure scab with these recipes.

Disease prevention

"Kuproksat" - another effective fungicide in the fight against scab on fruit trees.The composition includes copper acetate and ammonia solution. Also acts as a mineral nitrogen-containing additive for plants. To destroy the fungus "Kuproksat" is used in the spring before bud break. In autumn, it acts as a prophylactic against fungi. The solution of "Kuproksat" is watered into the soil, which contributes to the destruction of fungi that are in the ground.

Also, Tsikhom, sulfur-based preparations and systemic fungicides are used to combat scab. It is important to carry out preventive treatments in the fall so that in the spring you do not have to deal with an epidemic of the fungus.

Pear varieties resistant to scab

Currently, breeders have bred a large number of pear varieties that are resistant to scab.

Fungus Resistant Varieties:

Commemorative;
In memory of Parshin;
January;
Central Russian;
Conference.

No one can give a 100% guarantee that these varieties will never get sick with scab. But, unlike other varieties, these hybrids get sick with scab much less often. You can increase the immunity of any variety with the help of regular top dressing and anti-aging pruning.

Processing schedule

Depending on the time of year, the processing of the pear will vary. The pear processing calendar for scab includes several stages. In the spring, the pear is processed at least 4 times. The first time the treatment is carried out before the swelling of the kidneys. The second time - at the beginning of bud break. The third treatment is carried out before flowering. And the last - after flowering.

The purpose of spring processing is:

Prevention of fungi.
Destruction of existing disputes.
Improving tree immunity.

In the summer, the purpose of processing is the destruction of pests and the fight against already existing diseases. Spray pear as needed. In autumn, the pear is sprayed until the leaves fall. Autumn spraying is a preventive measure. With timely processing, the pear will not be afraid of any disease.