Diseases of tomatoes with a description and their treatment (photo and video)

Tomato diseases develop gradually, so not every summer resident is able to recognize the appearance of pathology at its early stage. However, there are several symptoms characteristic of each disease, by which it is possible to determine the developing disease and begin its timely treatment. The main causative agents of various tomato pathologies are viruses, bacteria, fungal infections. They can infect crops while in the soil or spreading during irrigation. You can diagnose the disease by looking at the photo, and their treatment will be chosen correctly.

Mosaic

This pathology belongs to the viral group.A tomato bush can become infected with this disease through direct contact with aphids, insect vectors of the mosaic, or when planted in soil containing the remains of a past diseased plant. The main symptoms appear on the foliage or tomatoes:

• leaves begin to curl;
• yellowish or brown spots, stripes appear on the surface of the sheet;
• in advanced cases the leaves dry up;
• trunk becomes brittle;
• fruits are covered with round spots;
• when cutting the fetus, you can see necrotic zones, painted in green.

Mosaic mainly affects indeterminate type tomatoes that were grown in seedlings. Infection occurs when seedlings are transplanted into the soil. Also, the virus can be on the surface of the seeds used to form seedlings, so before using them, it is necessary to disinfect the planting material.

Unfortunately, no tool has been developed to help eliminate such diseases of tomato seedlings and formed bushes. All affected bushes should be removed from the site as soon as possible without laying the plant in the ground, as this procedure will contribute to the activation of the disease of tomato seedlings in the next season. In order to exclude infection of a he althy bush with a mosaic, it is necessary to carry out prevention by disinfecting seeds and soil, observing optimal indicators of humidity, light and heat.

Yellow curl

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus is spread by whiteflies. Main symptoms:

• leaves take on a chlorotic appearance;
• development of the leaf plate does not occur even to average values;
• leaves curl and turn yellow;
• the plant becomes uneven in color;
• ripe tomatoes become marketable.

This disease is not worth treating, as it develops rapidly and can spread to neighboring plants, therefore, the bush should be dug up and burned. When whiteflies spread near the site, they need to be controlled.

Cladosporiasis

Popularly, this disease is called brown spotting. The main feature of this tomato disease is its rapid development and spread. It is caused by a fungus, which first settles on the foliage, and then affects the tomatoes. This disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

• the appearance of concentric spots on the leaves, colored with yellow pigment;
• a brown fluffy coating forms on the spots;
• gradually the tomatoes turn brown and begin to dry out;
• leaves curl;
• twisted leaves dry and fall off;
• if the defeat occurred during the flowering period, the flowers dry and fall off.

Characteristic symptoms first appear on the foliage located on the lower tiers, and then it spreads throughout the plant.

Ways to treat cladosporiosis:

1. In 5 liters of water dissolve 0.5 liters of milk and 15 drops of iodine. The resulting liquid is carefully processed by the affected plant. Particular attention should be paid to the back side of the leaves.
2. Similarly, you can spray the affected plant with a decoction prepared from wood ash and a solution of whey.
3. 1 tablespoon of copper sulfate, 1 tablespoon of polycarbacin and 3 tablespoons of sulfur are added to a bucket of water. Everything is mixed and sprayed onto the affected bush. With this solution, diseases of tomato seedlings and adult crops can be removed.
4. Tomatoes can be treated for diseases with Bravo, a broad-spectrum fungicide.

During the treatment of fungal diseases of tomatoes, it is necessary to disinfect the soil. To do this, the prepared solution is poured over the earth in the near-trunk radius.

Powdery mildew

Another tomato disease is powdery mildew. You can recognize the spread of infection by the following symptoms:

• the appearance of strange formations on the leaves, the external signs of which are similar to flour dust;
• such pollination gradually forms into cankers;
• leaves begin to turn yellow, fall off.

When the first signs of this disease appear in tomatoes, it is necessary to increase the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers applied to the soil, as well as limit the amount of nitrogenous top dressing.If such treatment of tomatoes for diseases did not bring a positive effect, the bushes must be sprayed with a solution of soda or potassium permanganate, a decoction of wood ash, and garlic infusion. Topaz or Fundazol protects against advanced disease.

Blossom Rot

The symptoms of the development of these diseases of tomatoes and their treatment do not depend on fungi and pathogenic microflora. Blossom end rot is caused by failure to properly care for the plant. The reason for the appearance of such a pathology is unfavorable environmental conditions, characterized by a lack of moisture in the soil, high temperature indicators of the air. Another reason for the spread of blossom end rot is the lack of calcium in the soil, its salinity.

The formation of this disease is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• brown spots appear on the top of the tomato;
• rotting of a vegetable under the darkened areas of the skin;
• softening the affected area;
• falling fruits.

If the spots on the tomatoes have turned black, it means that another fungal disease has joined the top rot.

The fight against this pathology is done with regular watering, which does not allow the soil to dry out. It is also necessary to compensate for the lack of calcium. For this, calcium nitrate is introduced into the soil. Treatment with calcium solutions must also be carried out in relation to the bush itself.

To do this, dissolve 10 grams of Brexil Ca in a bucket of water. The resulting liquid is sprayed on the plant leaf.

If the bush passively absorbs nutrients, and also draws insufficient moisture from the soil, it must be watered with Megafol or Sweet solutions.They activate the described functions, and also facilitate the process of transporting the energy received for the active ripening of fruits.

Grey Rot

A characteristic feature of this disease is the appearance of a gray putrefactive plaque on the trunk. Gradually, the possibility of conducting moisture and nutrients is blocked in the stem. As a result, the vegetative organs of the plant dry out and die. In advanced cases, gray rot of fruits develops.

Methods of treating this disease are to treat the affected bushes according to the following instructions:

1. All damaged sections of the trunk are removed.
2. Also, the leaves are inspected for the appearance of rot. If they are affected, the leaves must also be removed.
3. A sick bush is treated with fungicides.

In order to prevent and protect the tomato from diseases characterized by the spread of rot, bushes should be treated with Glyocladin.

White rot

You can protect tomatoes from the spread of white rot, knowing its characteristic features:

• first white bloom spreads over the lower tier of leaves;
• if left untreated, watery rot forms on the leaves, destroying the leaf structure;
• disease begins to destroy the whole bush in the direction from bottom to top;
• as a result, all the fruits growing on the bush are covered with white bloom.

Tomatoes should be treated for diseases associated with the spread of white rot only at an early stage of development. This is done by spraying the bush with a solution of copper sulfate, urea, zinc.

Brown Rot

The disease develops when the fungus gets under the tomato skin through its various damages. The main symptom is the formation of a 4 cm putrefactive damage on tomatoes along the perimeter of the stem. It is worth considering that rot under the skin affects the fruit almost completely.

For the treatment of the disease and its prevention, many summer residents advise treating bushes with Bordeaux mixture. Copper perchlorate can also be used for these purposes.

Root rot

Another name for this disease is rhizoctoniosis. Basically, this pathology is detected when growing seedlings, however, adult plants can also become infected with it due to improper watering.

Description of characteristic symptoms:

• plant roots first turn black and then begin to rot;
• rot spreads to cuttings;
• then, first the leaves wither and then dry;
• lots of brown spots appear on the leaves.

This tomato disease should be treated with Rossa or Pseudobacterin-2. During the treatment period, the plant culture should be watered rarely, but plentifully. In advanced cases, treatment should be done with 0.25% Ridomil Gold.

Light blight

Activation of this tomato disease occurs when a phytophthora fungus enters the bush. Most often, this disease spreads in the summer-autumn season, accompanied by heavy rains. Also, the development of this disease can be caused by the rain watering method, in which excess moisture accumulates in the leaf axils.

You can identify this disease by the appearance of the following symptoms:

• formation of brown spots on tomatoes;
• appearance of brown drying areas on the trunk;
• darkening of some leaf areas.

How to spray the affected plants? There are several different remedies that will help to cope not only with early late blight, but also eliminate advanced diseases. To treat the initial stage of the development of the disease, it is necessary to use Fitosporin or Zaslon. For the treatment of advanced forms of late blight, affected plants must be treated:

• Famoxadone;
• Mefenoxam;
• Mancozeb.

After using the above drugs, do not eat tomatoes harvested within 3 weeks after processing.

Stem necrosis

Stem necrosis is a viral disease that affects the formed bush during the formation of ovaries. Symptoms of tomato disease in a polycarbonate greenhouse and in the open field are:

• spreading of small dark green cracks that are located at the bottom of the stems;
• then aerial roots form on the cracks, while the plant becomes weak and begins to fade;
• ultimately the tomatoes die.

The source of the disease are seeds that were taken for tomato seedlings, or contaminated soil. To stop the spread of this tomato disease in the greenhouse or outdoors, all infected plants are removed from the site and burned.

How to spray the soil after culling

The best option for this would be a 2% solution of Fitolavin-300. Planting of the following seedlings should be carried out only in the treated, protected ground. All the described bacterial, fungal or viral diseases of tomatoes can greatly worsen the condition of the plant crop, not only reducing its yield, but also causing death. Various diseases and pests of tomatoes can bypass planting if it has been properly planted and well cared for.

Before growing seedlings, it is necessary to process the seeds taken. And when transplanting into the ground, seedlings need to be treated with special prophylactic agents that prevent the development of diseases. If the summer resident does not have the strength and time to ensure proper planting care, he needs to choose those tomatoes whose varieties are resistant to diseases characteristic of a particular region.

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