Large-fruited sweet cherry: variety description and pollinators, cultivation and care with photo

Berries Large-fruited cherries are quite useful for humans. They contain an important element called coumarin. It helps prevent the appearance of blood clots and plaques. They also contain a lot of potassium carotenoids and vitamins, no less important for the body. At the same time, sweet cherries have very tasty fruits, and therefore every gardener strives to grow at least a few trees of this berry on his plot.

How the large-fruited cherry variety appeared

The fruits of the variety are quite large compared to other cherries. He was bred by Ukrainian breeders at the Research Institute of Horticulture, whose name is M.T. Oratovsky and N. I. Turovtsev. Such a sweet cherry was obtained after pollination of the Napoleon Belaya variety with a combination of pollen from Elton Zhaboulet and Valery Chkalov.

The resulting variety inherited only advantages: large size of berries with thin, dense skin, juicy pulp and sweet taste.

General information about the plant

One such sweet cherry weighs on average 12-15 g, sometimes their weight reaches 18 g, which is a record for sweet cherries.

The tree itself can grow 4-5 meters in height. The beginning of fruiting falls on the 4th year after planting. The berries of this sweet cherry are dark red, the flesh is maroon. The stone, like the berry itself, is quite large, well separated from the pulp. One tree brings up to 60 kg of berries.

Pros and cons

Many of the virtues of this variety are simply obvious, and these are:

• bountiful harvest every year;
• large fruits;
• frost resistance;
• drought resistance;
• good transport tolerance;
• can be grown in almost any soil;
• Irregular fertilization is well tolerated.

The only drawback that can be identified is the inability of the tree to bear fruit in the absence of pollination by pollen from other types of sweet cherries.

Pollinator varieties

Experienced gardeners recommend planting other varieties of the crop in the area where the Large Cherry is planted. This is necessary for dusting this tree. Otherwise, it will only bear 5%.

Ideal neighbors for Large-fruited cherries will be such varieties: Bugarro Oratovsky, Surprise, Dibera Black or Francis.

How to grow crops

In order to properly grow this variety and reap a large harvest, you need to know what conditions the tree needs.

When to plant

The best time to plant cherries will be spring, when the soil has completely thawed and there is no threat of frost returning. But it is also not worth delaying with this, because seedlings usually have shortened roots, and at first they cannot supply themselves with enough moisture, the tree may die from its lack. In autumn, these trees are not planted, as thin shoots do not yet have winter hardiness.

Conditions of light and air

Young cherries are susceptible not only to frost, but also to cold air. The seedling also needs a lot of light. Based on this, gardeners plant seedlings on the south side of the site, where there is a lot of sun, light and no cold wind. At the same time, it is not worth planting cherries close to buildings.

Preparing the seedling

In order to grow a he althy fruit-bearing tree, you need to initially prepare the right seedlings. You can plant annual and biennial specimens that are bought in nurseries or garden stores. Preference should be given to a tree that has a better developed root system. If the grafting site is visible, this is also a good sign.

12 hours before planting, seedlings are soaked in water. Then a special clay mash is made, to which water and mullein are added. The roots are dipped into this mixture so that they do not lose moisture.

Location

Seedlings should be arranged so that the distance between the cherries is at least 3 meters. And between the rows of at least 5 meters. The crowns and root system of trees must have enough space for full development.

Fitting technology

Pits for planting are dug in such a way that they are twice as wide and twice as deep as the root system of the seedling.

Next, connect 2 buckets of humus with earth, superphosphate (400 g) and sulfate (100 g). Pour the mixture into the hole. A layer of earth is poured over the fertilizer, since the roots should not come into contact with it.

On the bottom of the pit, make a small protrusion from the soil and drive a peg into it. A seedling will be attached to it. At the seedling, the roots are straightened and placed on a tubercle, covered with earth and rammed. Tied to a peg.

A roller is made around the tree, forming a hole into which 2 buckets of water must be poured. The soil is mulched around the seedling. For this, peat or sawdust is suitable, in extreme cases, dry earth.

Important! After planting the sweet cherry, the large-fruited root collar should be visible above the ground. Otherwise, the tree will grow slowly and not bear fruit for a long time.

Cherry Care Tips

Although this sweet cherry is unpretentious, it still needs some care. The main activities are: watering, pruning and treatment for pests and diseases.

Water and fertilize

Watering young cherries is best done once a week. It is necessary to irrigate with a sufficiently large volume of water so that it can wet the ground by 30-40 cm, since the main part of the active roots is located at this level.

Watering should be carried out during a period of intensive growth, during the pouring of berries, during droughts and before winter, before the onset of cold weather. And when the cherries are already ripe, you should not irrigate the tree. This may cause fruit cracking.

Also, large-fruited sweet cherry trees are not watered in the second half of summer, this reduces winter hardiness and slows down the growth of shoots. But winter moisture is important for a better wintering, although they are often forgotten about.

Fertilizers that are applied during planting will last for 3 years. But nitrogen fertilizer was not applied during planting. In this regard, in the second year, a groove is made around the tree, going 10 cm deep, and urea (120 g) is poured into it, poured with water and covered with soil. A year later, the same procedure is carried out.

Pruning and shaping the crown of a tree

Pruning of young branches of Large-fruited cherries is carried out in the same way as on other fruit trees. They are cut to ¼ or half, this improves the quality of the fruits of the future harvest. The procedure is carried out in April-May.

You don't have to form a crown, as this process proceeds independently. You just need to make sure that the growth of the branches is uniform, and if necessary, cut off the "leader".

Additional crown shaping may be needed when the tree has been damaged in some way and its main guide has been damaged.At the same time, "competitors" immediately appear. If they are allowed to develop further, then this is fraught with a break in the branches from the weight of the crop in adulthood.

Among the competing branches, choose the one that grows evenly and is the strongest. Sections are treated with copper sulphate.

Protection of cherries from frost

In the autumn, after all the leaves have fallen, the cherries are well watered, boles and forks are whitened. Whitewashing saves tree bark from freezing in winter.

Another measure that will not only help the Large-fruited cherry in wintering, but also save it from rodents. To do this, you just need to trample the snow around the tree. Thus, a dense crust will be obtained, which will not allow the root system to freeze slightly, and rodents will not be able to make holes in the snow.

Pest and disease control

With timely preventive measures Large-fruited cherries almost do not suffer from diseases and parasites. Their description and necessary actions are below:

Prevention/Treatment Gum treatmentResin appears on the bark, in which bacteria develop, leading to the drying of shootsRemove the resin, capturing he althy tissue. Treat with 1% copper sulphate solution. Coat with garden pitchScabBright yellow spots on leaves that darken and crack over time Monilial burn Prevention/treatment

Perforated spotting	Red spots that dry out and spill out. The berries stop growing, become irregular in shape	Processing with 5% solution of copper sulphate before foliage appears and after falling, in autumn
	2-3 treatments with Kuprozan. Treat again after 20 days
Sudden drying of branches, foliage, ovaries	2 Chorus treatments 1 week apart
	Pest	Signs

Aphids Weevil Cherry fly

Cluster of small black insects	Treat with Decis or Inta-Vir medicine
Eats buds, buds and ovaries, its larvae deposited in seeds spoil the fruits	Spray the tree with Actellikom after flowering
Affects the fruits, after which they become soft, rot and fall from the tree	2 times process the tree when the ovary is formed with "Decis".Interval - 2 weeks

Harvest and storage of crops

Large-fruited sweet cherry is a late variety. The berries ripen in the second half of July. Fruit ripening does not occur simultaneously, so the collection is carried out 2-3 times.

After harvesting, cherries can be stored for 2 weeks, provided that the temperature is from 0 to +2 °C and humidity is 90%.

Large-fruited sweet cherry clearly wins against the background of its counterparts. When choosing which variety of crop to plant in their area, many gardeners prefer it, because it shows a large yield in the form of large, tasty berries every year.

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