Cherry Iput: variety description and pollinators, cultivation and care, planting scheme

The cherry variety Iput was bred by crossing hybrids 8-14 and 3-36 by Russian scientists Astakhov and Kanshin, officially registered in the State Register of Russia in 1993. The optimal climatic conditions for the growth of this crop are inherent in the territory of the Central and Central Black Earth regions. Cherry Iput attracts many gardeners with early fruit ripening, as well as their rich taste.

Description of cherries

Iput cherry trees grow to medium size, 4-5 m high. The pyramidal crown is raised and wide.The branches are densely covered with elongated large leaves, located on short or medium moderately pigmented petioles. Wavy, slightly concave plate of leaves without pubescence, has doubly crenate serration.

Cherry fruits develop on bouquet branches. Inflorescences are formed by 3-4 large flowers with white petals. The corolla is described as a saucer, the calyx is goblet, the long stamens are on the same level with the pistil. Buds with rudimentary shoots are large, moderately deviated, cone-shaped. The ovoid flower buds are simple, after fruiting, an almost imperceptible scar remains in their place.

Iput cherries have medium-sized drupes, weighing about 5 g, up to 2 cm in diameter, heart-shaped, rounded at the top with a narrow funnel. The color as it matures varies from dark red to almost black. The taste qualities of Iput cherries are estimated at 4.5 points. Mature fruits are well separated from the stalk, are universal in use, contain vitamin C - 11.5 mg per 100 g of the product, as well as the following percentages of other useful components:

• dry matter - 16.7%;
• sugar - 11%;
• acids - 0.5%.

The skin of the berries is dense, the pulp is juicy, sweet, moderately dense texture, the juice is rich red. Bones occupy 5% of the weight of the fruit.

Characteristics of the Iput variety

Cherry has an average early maturity, the first harvest can be obtained 4-5 years after planting the seedling in the garden. The tree bears fruit every year, the ripening time is medium early - the second half of July. Winter hardiness is high, flower buds are able to withstand frosts of minus 30°C. With timely adequate care, the plant has a strong immunity to fungal infections.

Pros and cons

Iput cherry trees are characterized by regular high yields.From one adult plant, you can get more than 30 kg of fruit. On an industrial scale, about 70 centners are harvested from 1 hectare, the maximum yield is 145 centners / ha. The dense pulp of the drupes is very juicy and sweet, perfect for eating fresh or making jams, compotes, juices.

The Iput Cherry is self-fertile, so it requires several trees to be planted for pollination. The stone is not separated from the pulp very well. In especially rainy years, the fruits partially crack. Also, the negative features of the variety include poor transportability of the harvested crop.

Rules for growing cherries

When laying a garden, it must be taken into account that the cherry variety is self-fertile. The best pollinators for Iput cherries are the trees of Tyutchevka, Revna, Bryansk pink, Raditsa, Ovstuzhenka. For their growth, the most suitable climatic conditions of the South and Middle strip.

Choice of location and seedling

The Iput variety grows better on non-acid moderately moist light soils. Seedlings should be planted in calm, well-lit areas. On medium loams and heavy clay places, the risk of freezing of trees is higher, wood is more often damaged, fruit buds or crops die. It is also not recommended to choose places with a close location of groundwater (less than 150 cm). If necessary, arrange a drainage channel to drain water.

When choosing a seedling, first of all, pay attention to the trunk. A more prolific tree should have a conductor, sufficiently dense branching, traces of a scion should be determined. The root system should be well developed with strong he althy roots. When transporting, it is advisable to wrap them with a damp cloth.

Preparing the ground

It is important to properly prepare the soil, namely at the stage of planting a seedling, in a permanent place. The cherry tree has a strong root system. When the cherry grows, it will not work deeply without damaging the roots.

Dig a hole 80 to 100 cm in size, about 60 cm deep. Acidic soil is preliminarily extinguished with lime at a rate of 700 g per 1 m^{2 Sand is added to loamy soil. Fertilizers must be applied by mixing with the soil. It is recommended to add 10 kg of rotted humus, about 300 g of superphosphate, 80 g of potash fertilizers.}

Boarding process

In the center of the prepared pit, a mound is built from the upper fertile layer of the earth, on which a tree is placed and the roots are evenly laid out. Sprinkle them tightly with soil so that there are no voids. The root neck after planting should be at a height of 3-4 cm above the soil level. After that, the seedling is watered abundantly, the ground is mulched with peat, straw or humus.

Wood Care Tips

During the first year after planting, weeds are regularly destroyed around the tree so that the seedling receives maximum nutrition.In the second year, the ground is mulched within a radius of 0.5 m from the trunk, then annually adding 25 cm. Sweet cherries also require regular pruning, fertilization, sun and frost protection, and adequate watering.

Feeding

To ensure the necessary nutrient reserves, the Iput variety must be fed with mineral and organic fertilizers. However, it is better to use them in dissolved form. They must be applied at a distance from the trunk, where the roots are located, which most intensively absorb useful substances.

In addition to mineral complexes, many gardeners prefer to use green manure (sowing green manure). Usually honey plants or legumes are used for this purpose. Sowing is carried out in the second half of the cherry growing season, then by the fall you can get the desired herbage, mow and close it around the tree.

Organization of watering and frost protection

Cherry trees need additional watering - in May during the period of active growth and foliage growth, in June when the fruits ripen, and also in autumn to prepare the tree for frost. A groove is made around adult cherries for irrigation. In summer, depending on the amount of precipitation, several abundant waterings are done so that moisture enters at a depth of at least 40 cm. After each time, the crust on the soil surface is mulched.

It is not recommended to strongly overmoisten the soil during the ripening period of the berries, this will cause their peel to crack.

Preparing for winter, young sweet cherry trees are covered with spruce branches or burlap, watered with 5 buckets of water for each plant. The trunk circle is mulched. To protect against return frosts, the sprinkling method is used, when the tree is irrigated with water before the expected cooling. When the moisture evaporates, the air around the tree heats up.

Crown formation

Pruned cherries annually. This allows you to achieve timely regular fruiting, improve the quality of berries, increase the resistance of the tree to harsh weather conditions and various garden pests.

Systematic correct pruning provides sweet cherries with a long productive period, helps to increase yields, and increases the strength of branches.

Properly performed pruning is aimed at forming a strong skeleton of the cherry crown with a uniform arrangement of branches, providing sufficient illumination, healing, rejuvenation and prolonging the life of the plant. There are 4 types of cuts:

• shortening;
• thinning;
• sanitary;
• rejuvenating.

Begin to regulate the growth of shoots from 2-3 years after planting.Pruning is carried out with the onset of spring. The branches are shortened by a third, while the central conductor should remain 20 cm above the skeletal ones. Shortening cherry pruning Iput also involves the removal of the leading branch with the transfer of growth to the side.

Thinning with the removal of branches growing inward is aimed at ensuring crown enlightenment. If you do not regulate the density of cherries, the fruits lose their taste over time. Sanitary pruning is necessary to remove dry, damaged, diseased, frozen branches. Rejuvenation of fruit trees is carried out when vital processes are weakened.

Treatment from diseases and pests

In the spring in April, cherries are irrigated with preparations containing copper, as well as "Cartocid", "Homycin", "Kuprozan" in accordance with the instructions. The treatment is repeated in May. In summer, it is recommended to spray the crown against diseases and pests with iron sulfate.

Prophylactic treatment of cherries Iway is carried out when the entire crop is harvested. In the autumn, before the leaves fall, horticultural crops and near-stem areas are watered with 500 g of urea dissolved in 10 liters of water. To protect against fungal infections, remove and burn all infected leaves, including those that have fallen. If there are signs of perforated spotting, all affected branches are cut off.

Insecticides are used to control cherry fly, pachyderm, gypsy moth. Processed twice, with an interval of 14 days.

With coccomycosis and clasterosporiasis, Horus is used. A small amount of laundry soap is added to the solution prepared according to the instructions. The first time they spray the cherry crown during the development of buds, the second - after flowering.

Potassium sulfide helps with aphids. The prepared solution is irrigated with cherries in calm, dry weather. From ready-made preparations, you can use Iskra or Inta-vir. Harvesting is allowed at least 20 days after the last treatment.

Collecting and storing berries

Iput cherry fruits ripen at the same time, so it is convenient to harvest immediately. Cherry berries are not well tolerated during transportation. At room temperature, they are stored for no more than 2-3 days, and then they begin to lose their presentation. In refrigerators, fruits remain suitable for sale for up to 20 days.

You can extend the shelf life using special containers with filters and a gaseous medium. Best consumed fresh or frozen. You can process it into juice, prepare compotes, jam, jam, make fruit wine.

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