Smorodina Dacha: variety description and characteristics, planting and care rules with photo
Blackcurrant used to be very popular with gardeners. From tasty berries they made compotes, jam, stuffing for pies. She then fell out of favor as she suffered greatly from pests and diseases. Today, the berry is successfully regaining its lost positions, many modern varieties have appeared that give excellent yields. Currant summer resident is one of such successful works of breeders, and we will talk about it.
A little about the history of the Dachnitsa variety
A modern variety of domestic selection was bred by the Research Institute of Horticulture in Siberia.
The variety was entered into the State Register of the Russian Federation in 2004.The hybrid is obtained by crossing 2 varieties: Blueberry seedling and Bredthorp currant. The group of breeders consisted of Knyazev, Ogoltsova, Bayanova and Zotova. As a result of the work, a blackcurrant variety was obtained, suitable for areas with a harsh Siberian climate. The summer resident grows well in the Urals and the Far East, does not like heat and tolerates frosts down to -30 ° С.
Description and characteristics of culture
Blackcurrant is a very popular berry in Russia, especially appreciated in the northern regions, for having a large amount of vitamin C, useful microelements. The berry is used to make wines and tinctures, consumed fresh, in the form of jams, compotes and jams.
Blackcurrant leaves have long been added to tea, various pickles, to give a piquant taste and aroma. The berries are high in potassium, zinc, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, and other trace elements. They contain a lot of pectins, so the berries make delicious jelly.
Currant is widely used in folk medicine as a tonic for beriberi, as a diuretic and expectorant.
Shrub, shoots, root system
Variety Dachnitsa has undersized, not too dense, compact bushes with bright green, not pubescent and shiny shoots. Mature lignified branches lose their luster and become grey-brown. The bush has small five-lobed bright green leaves that darken with time, and a not too powerful root system. Fibrous roots horizontally correspond to the radius of the bush and go deep into 20-40 centimeters.
Flower and berries
The plant blooms in the middle or end of May (depending on weather conditions), blooms with inconspicuous yellowish flowers, similar to bells. In each brush - 6-8 small flowers. At the final stage, the flowers turn cherry-purple.
Dachnitsa belongs to the early varieties and is characterized by high sugar content of berries. The tasting score of the fruit is 4.8 points out of 5. The fruits ripen in June, the berries are large, blue-black in color, with a thin skin. They taste sweet, the sourness characteristic of currants is practically absent. Oval shiny berries lose their keeping quality if you skip the picking time. The summer resident will please with the first harvest for 3 years after planting.
Currant features
Modern varieties of currants, including Dachnitsa, are resistant to diseases and pests, bushes, with compact sizes, provide a high yield, it also has other advantages.
Susceptibility to diseases and pests
Modern variety of black currant - Dacha - was bred for several specified purposes.The main task for breeders was to obtain a plant resistant to various types of infection. The variety turned out to be highly resistant to any type of infection, and has an average resistance to pest damage. The summer resident can be damaged by moth caterpillars, glass case. In this case, the currants are sprayed with Karbofos or Fufanon.
Resistant to low temperatures and drought
The variety withstands temperatures as low as -30 °C. Young plants are severely affected by drought. The adult currant of this variety acquires resistance to lack of moisture, but still does not like the southern regions too much.
Ripening period and yield
Dachnitsa is an early ripe variety. Harvest can be harvested at the end of June. From each compact young bush, up to 2 kilograms of berries are obtained. The peak of fruiting falls on the 5-7th year of the plant's life. The bush bears fruit up to 15 years, with age the berries become smaller, and the yield decreases. The variety is self-fertile, but planting 2 blackcurrant bushes next to each other will ensure fruiting stability and improve yields.
Transportability and use of berries
The summer resident is characterized by a friendly ripening of berries. They are well transported if they did not have time to overspeak. If necessary, the harvested crop can be stored at +4 °C for several days.
Berries do not lose their taste characteristics during shock freezing. Used for home and industrial production of fruit drinks, jams, jams. Very tasty and fragrant mashed with sugar.
How to plant a summer resident on the plot
In order for the currant bushes to take root well, give a good harvest and not suffer from diseases, you must follow a few rules when planting a summer house on the site.
Choosing a seat
For the Summer Resident choose a light, fertile and well-drained neutral soil.
Tip: acidic soil needs to be deacidified with lime or wood ash.
Young bushes are planted in sunny areas, currants tolerate partial shade well. They do not allocate areas for currants where raspberries, gooseberries, and sea buckthorn used to grow. This allows you to protect young seedlings from diseases characteristic of the berry bush. Currants should not be planted under fruit trees and in lowlands, she does not like waterlogging of the soil.
Recommended landing times
Young currant bushes are planted in open ground either in autumn - after harvesting, while there are still warm days, or in spring - after warming up the soil. Fall planting is preferred as bushes become more hardy.
Important: it is necessary to plant bushes in warm weather, in September, when at least 3 weeks before autumn frosts. During this time, the seedlings have time to adapt to a new place.
Spring bushes are planted after the soil warms up. Moist soil contributes to better rooting of seedlings.
Preparing the plot and seedling
Variety seedlings should be bought from trusted suppliers, you need to familiarize yourself with the product certificates.
They must be with a strong root system, 2-3 skeletal roots and a large number of branched lateral roots are needed.
When selling, the roots should be moist, without rot, and the twigs should be elastic, with a dense he althy bark, 30-40 centimeters long. You should pay attention to the condition of the kidneys when buying a seedling. If the kidneys are dry, you should choose another copy.
For planting, choose flat or slightly sloping areas, in the sun or in partial shade. Pits for plants are placed at a distance of 2-2.5 meters from each other. Usually several currant bushes are planted on the site. Currant does not like crowding. If it is planted in rows, there should be at least 1.5 meters between bushes in a row, and a row-to-row distance of 2-3 meters.
A pit for a currant seedling needs 60 centimeters in diameter and 50 centimeters deep.
Fitting technology
Pits for planting are best prepared in advance to ensure soil shrinkage. A drainage layer of small pebbles is poured at the bottom of the pit, the pit is 2/3 filled with humus, adding 200 grams of wood ash.
When planting the Summer Lady, you should:
- examine the roots, remove damaged areas with pruners;
- if a complex mineral fertilizer is used when planting, it must be mixed with the soil to prevent root burns;
- place the seedling in the hole at a slight angle to encourage the growth of new shoots;
- the root neck is placed 5-6 centimeters below the level of the planting hole;
- carefully fill the hole with soil and compact;
- water at the rate of 0.5 buckets per seedling.
Planting is mulched, and during autumn planting they are highly hilled to protect the roots from freezing.
Seasonal currant care
Further development of the bush and yield depend on planting care.
Irrigation of bushes
Blackcurrants are watered depending on the weather, usually once a week or one and a half, 3 liters of water are used for each bush, the berry does not tolerate overflow. It is better to water in the evening, during the night the moisture will nourish the bushes. During the pouring of berries, watering is stopped to avoid cracking the fruit.
Soil loosening
Currant roots are close to the surface, so loosening must be done carefully so as not to damage the root system.
Fertilization
In the spring, azofoska is applied under each bush. The fertilizer is simply mixed with the soil. Then the plant is watered every 10 days with infusion of plants, humus, diluted in water.
Shaping cut
It is held in early spring. Remove dried and frozen branches, cut off diseased areas. Eliminate shoots growing inside the bush to prevent thickening. For pruning use a clean and sharp garden tool. In addition, the Summer Lady needs a garter - the branches strongly bend under the weight of the berries. Tied up immediately after pruning; it is convenient to use special hoops for shrubs, they can be found in garden stores.
Protection from the cold
Covering helps protect berry bushes from frost. Branches are divided into bundles. They are carefully bent to the ground and tied to pre-prepared pegs, wire, hoop. The bush is mulched using sawdust, spruce branches, fabric covering material. Snow is piled on top to insulate the plant.
How to propagate a bush
Currants can be propagated independently, this can be done by cuttings, layering or dividing the bush.
By cuttings
Cuttings are made by green cuttings, 10-15 centimeters long. Each requires 3-4 kidneys. Cuttings with a slope are placed in open ground, periodically weeded and watered plantings. In autumn, grown bushes can be planted in a permanent place.
Layers
The soil is first loosened, fertilized and a groove is made. In it, gently bending, lay the currant shoot. Fasten with staples (wooden or metal) to press the branch tightly to the ground. Fall asleep with a thin layer of earth. After the appearance of the shoots spud, and in the fall they are divided, getting independent plants.
Dividing the bush
This method is used when transplanting plants. The mother bush is dug up and with the help of an ax or a sharp shovel it is divided into several parts, each of which must have a good root system and shoots.
Old and diseased branches are cut with secateurs, leaving young shoots. Plants are transferred to the right place.
Culture reviews
Anna, 41
“I love currants, I remember from childhood this unique taste of berries rubbed with sugar, spread on a fresh loaf. I wanted to start a sweet variety on the site. I planted a summer resident, and did not regret it. The berries are large, sweet and fragrant. The harvest is good. It is often necessary to transplant, it degenerates quickly, but this is the only drawback. ”
Olga Nikolaevna, 56 years old
“I uprooted all the old currants - they have grown strongly, but there are no berries. I took 2 bushes of the Summer Resident from a neighbor, and I'm not overjoyed. Unpretentious, delicious. I don’t spray it with anything, my grandchildren eat directly from the bush; it ripens early, when there is still little greenery. Very helpful.”
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