Diseases and pests of garlic: the fight against them, photo

Garlic is exposed to various diseases and pests no less than other cultivated plants. To know how to prevent their appearance or development, it is necessary to be able to recognize the symptoms of garlic diseases, and fight them regularly. Garlic dies from a narrow list of pests and diseases, and other pathogenic factors are simply unable to cope with this insecticide. Most often, garlic is exposed to fungal diseases, moldy in the ground, in order to prevent this, you need to know what to do when the primary symptoms of such diseases appear.

Garlic pests

Garlic pests stop the growth of the plant, and also gradually lead to its death. Moreover, many insects contribute to the spread of dangerous garlic pathologies.

To prevent this, it is necessary to process garlic from pests with repellent compounds. The best of them is the ash solution, which is prepared according to the instructions:

A glass of wood ash is added to a bucket of hot water.
Everything is mixed and infused for 1 day.
40 grams of liquid soap is added to the resulting liquid.

Using prepared soil and plant treatment.

Stem nematode

The most dangerous pest that affects garden crops is the stem nematode. It is a thread-like worm that can be up to 1.5 millimeters long.The worm feeds on plant sap, gradually completely destroying the culture. Therefore, every summer resident is obliged to start their treatment and prevention of garlic disease in time to protect it from the next infection. You can recognize the presence of a pest by the following symptoms:

light lines appear on the leaves;
garlic feathers gradually dry out, curl;
a sharp smell of rot begins to emanate from the plantings;
bulbs dry up.

The stem nematode breaks the integrity of the bulb, which is why the appearance of cervical rot of garlic is often observed. This pathology and pest completely destroy the plant and crop.

The most effective way, the method of dealing with the stem nematode that affects garlic is the treatment of plantings with Calypso. Use the mixture for pest control strictly according to the instructions attached to it.

Root onion mite

The most common insects that infect garlic are root mites. The size of their little body is no more than 0.7 millimeters in length, in color it resembles a clouded glass. Within 1 month, a sexually mature individual grows from the laid eggs, and several generations of insects form during the season.

It is possible to recognize garlic pests and fight them only on the basis of the symptoms that appear:

appearance of brown dust on bulbs;
peeling bottom;
fruit rot.

If you store an infected crop, the mite persists, the infection contributes to the drying of the heads.

If the tick has already struck the planted crop, it is recommended to apply the following control measures to eliminate it from garlic: treatment with Clofentezin or Dimetoate-400. In the early stages of the development of pathology, Actellik or Neoron can be used.

Garlic four-legged mite

You can recognize the presence of this pest of garlic by the corresponding symptoms. The plant crop is damaged as follows:

leaves are curled along the middle vein;
leaves begin to turn yellow at the edges;
teeth turn dark green or speckled with yellow.

These mites are very dangerous as they cause mosaic.

To combat this mite, it is necessary to use acaricides by treating storage facilities before laying the crop, to spray the crop during the growing season. To reduce the risk of crop contamination in storage, it is necessary to dry it for 1 week at a temperature of 35-37 degrees.

Onion fly

Such pests of garlic reach a length of 8 millimeters, with a wingspan of 14. You can recognize a fly by knowing the description of the pest:

body is brown;
the edges of the wings are fringed;
insect lays eggs in early June.

The pest damages the feathers of garlic, which greatly slows down its growth and yield. How to deal with garlic pests:

250 grams of shag is mixed with a spoonful of bitter pepper.
The mass is mixed with 2 liters of hot water and infused in a warm place for 3 days.
Everything is filtered, diluted to 10 liters and mixed with 30 grams of liquid soap.

To control the insect, the resulting infusion should be sprayed on the crop and soil once a week during May, and then re-treatment is carried out in July.

Diseases of garlic

Basically, garlic diseases are fungal or bacterial in nature. In advanced cases, such pathologies can destroy most of the crop, so when they occur, control measures must be taken immediately.

One of the most common pathologies is garlic downy mildew. It manifests:

yellowing of the top of the stem;
gradual drying of the stem;
slowing growth.

When optimal environmental conditions are formed, the fungus actively spreads and can affect all planted crops. Therefore, it is important to prevent the occurrence of peronosporosis. Since the pathology is not able to develop in bright light and elevated temperatures, its prevention is carried out in the following way:

before sowing, the teeth warm up under the sun for 2 days, while it is desirable that the ambient temperature reaches 40 degrees Celsius;
harvested crops are warmed up in the same way;
before sowing, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the soil from organic residues, disinfect it.

The reason for the development of this disease is the use of infected material for sowing, organic residues in the soil, the spread of fungal spores in the wind. To combat it use:

Thiram - strictly according to the instructions.
Fentiuram - 3 kilograms are poured into 10 liters of water.
Polycarbocin - 40 grams of the drug is used for a similar volume of liquid.
Arcerida - 30 grams of the product dissolves in 10 liters.

For the treatment of inoculum, a 2-3% solution of Thiram can be used. The cloves are soaked in the solution for 20-25 minutes.

Bacteriosis of garlic is another type of pathology that can destroy almost the entire crop. This pathology affects garlic during the growing season, during storage of the crop. Infected teeth rot, do not form seedlings. On tubers, the pathology is manifested by yellow and brown lesions. In some cases, the teeth become transparent and then take on the consistency of mucus.

To minimize the risk of garlic infection with a bacterial disease, you must:

cultivate the soil with Hom;
between crops in one place maintain a gap of 4 years;
pre-fertilize the earth with phosphorus;
remove organic residues before sowing;
keep the full maturity of the vegetable;
remove the tops only after drying, at a temperature of 23-30 degrees, this process takes 10 days.

It is also recommended to use insecticides to reduce the activity of insect pests, treat the seed with formalin, observe the storage conditions of the crop: humidity no more than 60-70%, temperature 1-4 degrees for winter garlic and 16-18 - for spring.

Garlic rust

Rust is a type of garlic disease that affects crops and appears as yellowish stripes. Gradually, these stripes become wider, and then they fill the entire leaf plate. In some cases, rust does not appear as dashes, but as yellow, rounded spots that eventually become reddish and bulging.

Under the influence of this disease, you can lose a significant part of the crop. Such harm is caused by the fact that the plant culture gradually loses leaves, there is a decrease in the activity of accumulation of nutrients, the heads do not grow. The likelihood of this disease can be reduced if prophylaxis is carried out before sowing. To do this, use the instruction:

Slices are filled with 40% formalin solution and left for 2 hours. It can be made by mixing 40 milliliters of formalin and 120 liters of water.
The beds are watered with a solution prepared from 10 liters of water and 15 milliliters of Fitosporin-M. If this composition is not available, you can replace it with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid or copper chloride.
Only after such treatment, you can start sowing the crop.

If the planted garlic is sick with rust, it must be treated with copper sulfate or Hom fungicide. The mixture made from Hom and finely grated tar soap gives the greatest effect. It is required to irrigate the stalks 1 time in 10-14 days. The irrigation procedure should be completed 30 days before harvest.

In addition to these drugs, antiperonosporosis agents can be used to combat rust:

Alirin-B.
Gamair.
Cuproxat.
Champion.
Medyan Extra 350.

These rust-fighting products increase the resistance of the plant to pathologies.

Black mold garlic

Black mold is a type of garlic disease in which the vegetable in storage rots and the plantings die.This pathology is activated if the storage is poorly ventilated and is manifested by the appearance of black spores that look like dust. Gradually, the teeth soften and rot. Poorly dried or insufficiently ripe fruits bear the greatest risk of developing black rot. Also, rotting on garlic can occur if the planting is more than 6 hours in conditions of high humidity.

Control measures, counteracting infection will eliminate garlic disease. For this, it is recommended to use Bordeaux liquid. 3 weeks before harvesting, the beds are irrigated with a 1% composition. Also, to combat black rot, you can use drugs recommended to eliminate bacteriosis.

Fusariosis of garlic

Fusariosis most often appears in southern climates. This pathology affects the plant in the ground during the growing season. The fungus is activated at ambient temperatures of 15-30 degrees and an increased level of humidity.The reason for the appearance of this pathology may be the remains of a past infected crop in the ground, the use of water for irrigation with Fusarium spores. Therefore, for sowing, it is required to choose only whole teeth, any damage to their integrity threatens to infect the crop.

To determine the presence of a pathology, you need to know its symptoms:

yellowing of stems;
drying of stem tips;
appearance of brown stripes on stems;
formation of pink plaque in the leaf axils;
softening the garlic heads;
formation of pink, whitish or yellowish mycelium in the affected areas;
root rot.

To eliminate all pathological causes, prevention of fusarium is necessary, as well as knowledge about measures to combat it when garlic is damaged.Prevention consists in the careful selection of seed, its treatment with Chromium, Fitosporin, Maxim, as well as in watering the beds with disinfecting fungicides and eliminating all residues from last year's harvest.

If garlic fusarium manifests itself as primary symptoms on a growing plant, it is necessary to take measures to combat it, such as treatment with Quadris. If the disease does not recede, the affected plant must be discarded to prevent its spread.