Sweet peas: description of 30 varieties and species, planting and growing from seeds

Pea or fragrant rank is a cultivated type of ornamental perennial herbaceous plant. It is grown for landscaping the site, as an ornamental crop. China has many varieties and types. Many of them are wild and found in the natural environment. More than 1000 varieties of peas have been bred by breeders.

Description and features

Sweet peas belong to the legume family, genus rank. Its feature is the symbiosis of the root system with beneficial bacteria that enrich the plant with nitrogen. This is a perennial crop, however, in the middle lane it is grown as an annual.

Creeping plant, clinging to a support, forms dense stems, reaches a length of 1.5 - 2 meters. The leaves are elongated, lanceolate. On the stem are antennae, with which China clings to the support. Flowers of different colors depending on the type and variety. Consist of large petals, inflorescences resemble a moth. Each raceme has 5 - 12 flowers.

Flower shoots are formed after the formation of 9 internodes, in later varieties after 12 internodes. Flowering begins in late June and ends in September. After flowering, seeds are formed in the form of beans.

Important! The sweet pea fruit is poisonous and should not be eaten.

Views

China has wild and cultivated species. Many of them can be found in their natural environment in the forest, field, on the edges.

Peas or fragrant rank

Plant height from 2 to 2.5 meters, flower stalks from 12 to 18 centimeters.Flowers light pink, almost white. It has been studied by botanists since the 17th century. In inflorescences collected 4 - 9 flowers. The foliage is light green, pair-pinnate, ending in tendrils. Peas bloom in July and continue to bloom until the end of August. The seeds are golden brown.

Fragrant

Annual climbing plant. Grown as an ornamental plant. In height reaches almost 2 meters. Flowering begins in July and lasts 2 months. It takes root well in the middle lane, gives lush inflorescences of various colors.

Forest

Perennial herbaceous plant, reaches a height of up to 2.5 meters. The leaves are lanceolate, the flowers are bright pink or purple. A branched culture that clings to neighboring plants, grows on edges, clearings, next to shrubs.

Spring Sochi

The plant is low, the leaves are single-pinnate, lanceolate, elongated. Widespread in deciduous forests. Flowering occurs at the end of May or beginning of June. Forms bright purple or pink inflorescences. After flowering, the petals do not fall off, but remain to form seeds.

Tuber

Perennial, herbaceous plant. The leaves are wide. Lancet-shaped with antennae. The culture blooms in June and until the end of August. The stem is branched, the flowers are bright red, with a characteristic pleasant smell. Chyna is a weed that is common in cereal fields.

Gmelina

The species reaches a height of up to 1.5 meters. The flowers are collected in inflorescences, at the beginning of flowering their color is light yellow, turning orange towards the end. Pea blooms for 2 months, starting from the end of June, then forms brown fruits. The leaves are green lanceolate.

Popular varieties

Breeders all over the world have been breeding new cultivars. Many of them were bred in the last century and are still popular today.

Duplex

The culture has strong stems, forms flowers with a double sail, collected in inflorescences of 5 - 6 pieces. Blooms from mid-summer to August. Produces brown fruits. It is an annual.

Cream

China reaches a height of 100 cm, flowering begins at the end of June. Light beige flowers are formed, collected in inflorescences of 4 - 5 pieces. The diameter of the flower is 5 cm. The peduncles are large, up to 20 cm. The leaves are bright green, with tendrils.

Galaxy

The variety was bred in the 60s of the 20th century. Peas reach a height of 2 meters, form dense inflorescences of 5-9 flowers. The flowers are terry, their edges are wavy. Peduncles up to 50 cm long. Leaves with tendrils of bright green color. The flowers are blue, purple or beige.

Neptune

Creeping variety, with long peduncles up to 30 cm, lush inflorescences of 5 - 7 bright blue flowers with a white base. The plant reaches a height of 1.5 meters. Planted next to fences and fences.

Milky Way

A branched plant with a dense stem, reaching 1.5 meters in length. Flowering begins at the end of June. Forms lush inflorescences of 4 - 5 flowers of light beige color. Peduncles strong about 20 cm. Leaves with tendrils.

Bijou

Bijou was bred by American breeders in the 60s of the 20th century. This dwarf crop is suitable for planting along borders and alleys. The stems are dense, reach a height of up to 45 cm, the inflorescences are collected in bunches of 4-5 bright purple or burgundy flowers. Double flowers with wavy edges.

Spencer

Plants of medium maturity with dense stems, up to 2 meters high. Inflorescences form brushes of 4 - 5 flowers. Recommended for cultivation for the purpose of landscaping. The flowers are large, up to 5 cm in diameter, green castings with antennae, lanceolate. Flowers come in purple, pink, crimson, beige.

Warrey

Multi-stem culture up to 2 meters high. The flowers are bright purple in color, collected in inflorescences of 4 - 5 pieces. Peduncles are straight, 20 cm long. Flower diameter is about 40 mm. The leaves are elongated green.

Jumbo

The height of the stem is about 1 meter, the flowers are pink - orange, bright, collected in rosettes of 4 - 6 pieces. Peas have a characteristic pleasant smell, the flowers are about 4 cm in diameter. Peduncles are straight, up to 20 cm long.

Charlotte

The stems are dense, with green leaves, attached with tendrils. In height reaches 1.5 meters. Inflorescences are bright pink, crimson, about 4.5 cm in diameter. Flowers are collected in rosettes of 2-4 pieces. Peduncles straight 25 cm long.

Cream Gigantic

Climbing culture, with a dense stem 1.8 meters long. Forms inflorescences of 4 - 5 flowers of white, milky color. Peduncles are straight, 30 cm long. Leaves are green, elongated with pointed ends.

Cutberson - Floribunda

China was developed by American breeders in the 50s of the 20th century. The stems are undersized, up to 30 cm long, with peduncles up to 7 cm, consisting of 2 - 3 flowers. Used to decorate beds and low fences. Coloring is red, bright pink or white.

David

The height of the stem is 1.5 meters. It forms green leaves with antennae, lanceolate. Inflorescences consist of 5 - 6 flowers, 5 cm in diameter. Their color is bright purple with small white spots. Peduncles 30 cm long.

Kenneth

Stems dense up to 1 meter high. Forms lush inflorescences of 5 - 6 crimson flowers, with small white spots. The flower diameter is 4 cm, they have wavy edges. Peduncles straight about 16 cm.

White Pearl

Tall climbing plant, stems reach 1.8 meters. Peduncles 30 cm long, inflorescences are large, consist of 5 - 7 white flowers. Flower diameter is 45mm.

Grace

Leaves are green, elongated with tendrils. The stems grow up to 1.5 meters, cling to the support. Flowers bloom in early June. They have a delicate lilac color with bright purple stripes. Collected in inflorescences of 5 - 6 pieces. Peduncles dense in length reach 35 cm.

Ramona

Climbing culture up to 1.3 meters long. Flowers with a diameter of 50 mm, collected in lush inflorescences of 5 - 7 pieces. The color is bright pink-red. Peduncle dense, 30 cm long.

Lucien

Short chiny variety. The length of the stem is 50 - 60 cm. The flowers are located at the top and have a light pink color. Inflorescences consist of 8 - 12 flowers, with wavy edges.

Lisette

Short culture, about 40 - 60 cm high, bright red flowers, with a very pleasant fragrant aroma. The leaves are green, elongated, paired.

Growing seedlings from seeds

To grow seedlings from seeds, it is necessary to prepare them, select the soil and plant them correctly.

Preparation of seed material

Before planting, the seeds are soaked in hot water for 10 hours. Then sawdust is lowered and kept for 3-4 days at a temperature of 18-20 °C. After the seeds germinate, they are lowered into the soil. This procedure is carried out in early March.

Important! In the southern regions, seeds are planted in open ground without soaking.

Selection and preparation of soil

Peas prefer peat moist soil. It can be purchased ready-made in flower shops. You can also create it yourself. To do this, take:

• peat 2 parts;
• humus 2 parts;
• turf soil 2 parts;
• sand part 1.

How to plant

When growing seedlings, the mixture is placed in plastic pots. The soil is watered with warm water, give time to soak. They make a small depression about 2 cm. Place the seeds there, cover with earth. Seeds sprout after harvesting only the first 2 - 5 years.

Pinching

After forming 2 - 3 strong leaves, pinch them to form side shoots. After pinching, the plants are fertilized.

Irrigation

It is necessary to water the crop regularly, the rank loves moist soil. During the flowering period, watering is carried out every week. Per square meter of culture spend 35 liters of water at a time. Water is distributed near the roots, being careful not to touch the leaves.

Feeding

During the vegetative period, top dressing is carried out three times. The first at the beginning of pea growth, the second at the beginning of flowering, and the third at the height of flowering.

First

Carry out after the appearance of sprouts and pinching. Nitrogen mineral fertilizer and urea are introduced into the soil.

Second

At the time of the ovary of buds and the blooming of the first flowers, add 1 tbsp. l Agricola and potassium sulfate. The mixture is diluted with 10 liters of water and the plant is watered.

Third

At the height of flowering, peas need a lot of minerals. In the soil contribute 1 tbsp. l Agricola and Rossa. The dry mixture is diluted with 10 liters of water and poured over the chin.

Garter

Tall climbing varieties are planted next to fences, shelving or other supports. When peas grow, they are tied to a support so as not to damage the plant during strong winds and rains.

Cutting

During the flowering period, the plant does not need special pruning. Periodically remove old inflorescences. This contributes to the formation of new flower stalks. At the end of the season, the perennial rank is cut to the ground and covered for the winter.

Transfer

With unsuitable soil, peas grow poorly and produce inflorescences uncharacteristic for the variety. In addition to the soil, there may be insufficient lighting and a constant draft. In this case, it is recommended to change the place of cultivation. To do this, the bush is dug up, they capture the soil with roots. The plant is transferred to a new site prepared in advance. Chin is planted, having previously cleared the roots of the past soil. The stem is spudded at the base to accelerate the formation of new roots.

Diseases and pests

Sweet peas are prone to infection and attack by harmful insects. When the first signs appear, it is necessary to treat with special drugs.

Aphid

Small insects that feed on chiny leaves. They are localized on the underside of the sheet, forming a black coating. To combat them, insecticides are used.

Nodule weevil

Insects feed on the roots, leaves and fruits of legumes. They lay larvae in the soil, which infect the roots. To combat them, regular hilling of the crop is carried out and insecticides are used.

Ascochitosis

Affects the upper leaves of the plant, shoots and fruits. They form yellow spots, with a black halo. Causes fungus disease. At the advanced stage, it affects the seeds of the rank. To combat it, fungicides are used.

Powdery mildew

Infection manifests itself with increased moisture. The immunity of the culture decreases and powdery mildew develops. It affects the leaves, forms a white coating on them, spreads quickly. To combat it, damaged shoots are removed, and the bush is sprayed with a fungicide or blue vitriol.

Peronosporosis

Outwardly, the disease looks like powdery mildew. Light yellow spots form on leaves, shoots, buds and flowers. The plant is affected by frequent rains and low temperatures. To fix the problem, copper sulphate is sprayed.

Fusariosis

A microscopic fungus that infects the leaves of a plant. It develops with frequent rains and adverse weather conditions. The disease begins with the lower leaves, black spots form on them. Leaf blades gradually turn yellow and dry. When signs appear, fungicide treatment is carried out.

Root rot

With increased watering and frequent rains, root rot is observed. The root system of the plant rots, the roots become soft and fall off the base. The plant does not receive proper nutrition and begins to slowly die. To prevent development, drainage is formed before planting.

Black leg

A gray coating is formed on the root section of the stem. The stem becomes soft, blackens. The fungus begins to infect the roots of the rank, the plant dies. Saving the plant is almost impossible. If signs appear, it is removed from the site and destroyed.

Viral mosaic

Important! To prevent infection of the crop, treatment with fungicides and insecticides is carried out at the beginning of the vegetative period.

Preparing for winter

Annual varieties of peas are dug up and destroyed. Perennial varieties, after pruning cover for the winter. To do this, use straw, sawdust or special breathable fabrics.

Secrets

Secrets of Successful Sweet Pea Growing:

• When planting seedlings or seeds, it is necessary to lay drainage to drain excess fluid.
• At the beginning of the vegetative period, preventive treatment against infections and pests is carried out.
• Chyna prefers well-lit areas.
• With frequent rains, watering the peas is reduced.
• Perennials cover for the winter.
• China seeds only use the first 2 - 5 years.

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