Pear Memory Yakovlev: description and characteristics of the variety, planting and care, pollinators

Pears have long been grown only in the southern regions, as gardeners believed that the culture feels uncomfortable in a temperate climate. In the 50s of the last century at the Research Institute. Michurin, when crossing the Tema variety and the French Olivier de Serre, a pear was obtained, which inherited from its closest relatives an excellent yield, frost resistance, immunity to scab. The compact tree develops rapidly, annually pleases with fruits. Pear of Memory of Yakovlev was named in honor of the family who devoted a lot of time to its creation.

Description and characteristics of the variety

A hybrid bred at the Institute of Fruit Growing, adapted to the conditions of mid-latitudes, grows in the southern regions, in the Volga-Vyatka, Central region. The compact tree has a rounded crown, rarely reaches 2 meters in height.

Skeletal branches are connected to the trunk at a right angle. The shoots are covered with rough grayish bark, young growths are brown. The fruits of the variety are formed on kolchatka. The buds have a smooth surface and bloom very quickly in spring.

Leaves, located on branches with thorns, are an oval, slightly curved plate with notches.

Pear flowers in memory of Yakovlev are collected in brushes, each of which has up to 8 buds. They show up late. The fruits ripen in September, are harvested throughout the month, are held quite firmly on an elongated stalk.

Ripe pear is different:

• smooth and shiny skin;
• orange tan;
• cream-colored pulp;
• high in sugar.

There is no astringency in the juicy fruits of the Pamyati Yakovlev variety, a slight sourness is felt, they weigh 100-125 g each. Arbutin, which is rich in autumn pear, acts as an antiseptic, has an antimicrobial effect, and prevents the reproduction of cancer cells.

The favorite of many gardeners and summer residents begins to bear fruit from the age of 4, and at 7 more than 2 buckets of pears are removed from the tree, which do not fall off, do not lose their presentation when transported over a long distance, rated by tasters at 4.4 points. The plant withstands short-term frosts up to 38 ° C, has good immunity to fungal diseases.

Advantages and disadvantages of the pear in Memory of Yakovlev

The main advantage of the autumn variety is resistance to low temperatures, which makes it possible to grow crops in mid-latitudes.

The virtues of a pear include:

1. Small size of the tree.
2. Easy to care for.
3. Excellent flavor characteristics.
4. No need for pollinators.
5. Early fruit and high yield.

The disadvantages of the variety include the presence of thorns on the shoots and stony cells near the core of the fruit. The collection of pears is delayed, they ripen unevenly, and are not stored for a long time. The tree does not tolerate drought well.

Reproduction

Memory Yakovlev variety can be bred with layering. A strong branch is bent to the ground, a box with soil is placed under it, to which the shoot is pinned and covered with soil.Humidity is maintained in the container, insulated for the winter. After 2 years, when the roots appear, the branch is separated from the tree and sent to the ground. Such a pear quickly begins to bear fruit, retains maternal properties.

How is a plant planted?

Memory Yakovlev's variety can be grown by both the summer resident and the farmer. An unpretentious tree is quickly adopted to bear fruit, it is not necessary to place a pollinator nearby.

When planted

Pear grows well in mid-latitudes, but in the Urals and Siberia, it does not withstand long cold winters. In the regions of the middle lane, the Pamiati Yakovlev variety is planted in the spring, when frosts are no longer expected, in the south this can be done in the fall, but at the beginning, so that the pear has time to take up before a significant drop in temperature.

How to choose and prepare seedlings?

You need to buy a tree for growing in a country plot or in a country house not in the market, but in a nursery that offers varieties adapted to the local climate. A pear aged 2 years takes root well. It should have firm roots, shoots without cracks or wounds, fresh wood.

Choosing a landing site

The tree should be placed on a flat surface, not hills, in a sunlit area. The culture loves loams, black soil; a place where groundwater is located close to the surface is not suitable for its cultivation. In this case, you can solve the problem with the help of a drainage layer.

Preparing the landing pit

The area for pears since autumn is cleaned from the remnants of stems and weeds, carefully dug up. The tree of the Memory of Yakovlev variety has developed roots, which require a lot of space.

A pit for planting is made to a depth of at least a meter, with a diameter of 80 to 90 cm.

Pour 2 buckets of sand and humus into the dug hole, add 200 g of superphosphate, 3 tablespoons of potassium s alt and mix with the ground. Lime or ash is dissolved in 10 liters of water, the composition is poured into a pit. The fertile layer is laid separately.

Distance between seedlings

Memory Yakovlev variety is not tall, young trees are placed every 3 meters, 4 are left between rows.

Boarding process

After 7-10 days after the preparation of the pit, soil is poured into it, a mound is formed, on which the root is laid out so that the neck is located 5 cm above the surface layer. After planting the tree, the soil is compacted, watered with 2 buckets of warm water, the trunk circle is covered with peat. The plant is tied to a peg, which is placed in the center of the hole.

Pollinators

Autumn pear, created by the Yakovlev dynasty, belongs to self-fertile varieties, the buds appear on it every year, the ovary does not crumble, the fruits ripen.To increase productivity, an August pear or Lada is planted nearby. These trees bloom at the same time, act as a pollinator.

Pear Care Details

In order for the variety to please with fruits, before choosing a seedling and a plot, you need to study what the tree needs most of all, what are the features of caring for the plant.

Water and fertilize

Pear does not tolerate drought well, stops developing, will not give a good harvest. When waterlogged, the roots rot, which is fraught with the death of the plant. The seedlings are watered every week, running warm water into the grooves dug around the trunk. For one tree it needs 2 buckets. If it often rains, adult pears do not require irrigation, in dry weather, moisturizing is necessary:

• before the buds appear;
• when the ovary is formed;
• late autumn.

To ensure that water is evenly absorbed into the ground, many summer residents install a sprinkler system. The soil in the trunk circle is loosened, sprinkled with mulch.

2 years after planting in the spring, 80-90 g of urea is dissolved in half a bucket of water, applied to the ground under a tree, or the pellets are simply scattered over the snow.

When the pear blossoms, they are fed with nitroammophos. To increase productivity in the summer, potassium s alt is used by stirring the product in 10 liters of water. Once every 3 years, while digging the soil, the ground in the trunk circle is fertilized with humus or ash. In order for the tree to overwinter normally, in the fall it is watered with a solution that is prepared from a bucket of water and 30 g of superphosphate. Foliar top dressing is carried out in summer with the help of urea.

Pear cut

Immediately after planting a tree in the spring, they begin to form a crown. To do this, the central shoot is shortened, leaving it at a level of 60 cm from the surface of the plot. The following year, strong branches are cut to 1/3, and the stem to 1/4, the rest is removed.

You must constantly get rid of diseased, dried, frozen parts of the tree. In spring, the crown is freed from shoots that do not bear fruit or grow inside. Regulatory pruning helps to improve the flow of light and air to the pear.

Diseases and pests

Although the Memory Yakovlev variety has good immunity to scab, the lack of proper care and prevention, unfavorable weather contribute to the activation of harmful microorganisms.

Diseases affecting pears

In early spring, fruit trees are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid or vitriol, the trunks are whitewashed with lime, the dried leaves are raked out of the trunk circle and burned. Such simple measures help prevent the reproduction of fungi that cause:

• rust;
• black cancer;
• cytosporosis;
• powdery mildew.

Pears suffer from bacterial and viral infections. It is easier to prevent the development of diseases than to cope with them.

Scab

With dense thickened plantings, pathogenic fungi release spores into the vegetative organs of the tree. The leaves become covered with dark spots and dry up. Scab affects not only the ovary, but also the fruits. They lose their presentation, the flesh becomes like wood, the skin cracks. The Yakovlev memory variety rarely suffers from this disease.

Moniliosis

Fungal infection, getting into a pear through cracks, wormholes, wounds, provokes the appearance of fruit rot. Contributes to the rapid development of moniliosis damp and warm weather, the presence of scab, thickened crown.

Sooty fungus

Sometimes in summer the leaves of pears are covered with black bloom. This phenomenon is usually observed when the structure of the plant is damaged by pests, especially aphids. Activation of the soot fungus wintering in the bark leads to a deterioration in photosynthesis, weakens the tree.

Pear pests

Fruit crops suffer not only from diseases, but also from insects. Plants attract flower beetles, silkworms, scale insects, moths, and gall mites.

Aphid

This microscopic parasite feeds on the juice of young branches, has an enviable appetite and multiplies at lightning speed. If you do not immediately start the fight against aphids, especially blood, ulcers appear on the shoots of trees, which is fraught with their death.

Pear codling moth

A female moth, whose front and hind wings are colored in different shades, after mating, lays eggs in the seed chamber. To get into it, the pest gnaws holes in the fruits. Having de alt with the bones, the caterpillar crawls onto the next pear.

The parasite is especially fond of early varieties of the crop, as these fruits have a thin and soft skin.

Pear beetle

A pest from the genus of beetles causes great damage to the crop. The insect gnaws through the cups of the fruit buds, filled with juice, but did not have time to open, and the tree simply does not bloom, the ovary does not form.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of pear damage by a fungal or bacterial infection, regularly carry out all types of pruning, remove dried, damaged shoots, burn mummified fruits and stained leaves. Several times a season, the trees are fed with nutrients, which helps to strengthen the immune system, and then it is easier for the pear to resist diseases.

To prevent scab, moniliosis and other infections, trees are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid and carbamide, the rules of agricultural technology and care are observed.

Harvesting

Fruits of the Memory of Yakovlev variety begin to sing from the end of August, but pears are harvested throughout September. Fruits are carefully plucked with their hands, trying not to get hurt by the thorns that are located on the shoots.

Storage

Pears do not fall to the ground, thanks to which it is possible to harvest the entire crop. In a cool room, the fruits do not deteriorate for a month. They close compotes, cook jams, make juice.

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