Diseases and pests of grapes: the fight against them, what to do and what to spray

Grapes are considered an unpretentious crop that is quite easy to grow in the garden. However, despite this, gardeners often encounter various grape diseases that can harm the plant and adversely affect yield levels. It is recommended to familiarize yourself in advance with the main grape diseases and methods for their elimination.

The most common grape diseases

There are several major diseases that most often appear when growing grapes.

Foliar rubella

This pathology appears in the first half of summer or in May, when there is no rain and the weather is dry. With the development of the disease, only grape leaves suffer. It is easy to identify leaf rubella in a timely manner. To do this, it is enough to familiarize yourself with its main features, which include:

• appearance of orange plaque on the leaves, which looks like rust;
• falling leaves before fruit formation begins;
• appearance of red spots on the leaf plate.

Septoria

Another common pathology that affects grape bushes is septoria. Most often, the disease affects Muscat varieties of grapes. With the development of septoria, the leaves become covered with brown spots, and a moldy coating forms on their lower part.

Escoriosis

Such a disease is considered dangerous, as it affects all parts of the plant. Due to the pathology, the shoots and leaves are completely covered with dark spotting. Escoria develops in conditions of high humidity in mid-spring. If treatment is not started in time, grape seedlings will die.

Oidium

This fungal pathology is faced by many gardeners who grow grapes. At first, the disease spreads only to the leaves, but then signs of oidium appear on inflorescences, stems and fruits. The development of the disease is promoted by high air temperature, the values of which exceed 20 degrees. Therefore, most often, signs of oidium appear in spring or summer.

A white coating appears on the infected bushes, which gradually darkens. Also, signs of the disease include twisted leaves, darkening and rotting of shoots.

Varieties of diseases

There are different varieties of grape diseases, which are better to know in advance.

Viral

Viral pathologies are very dangerous and therefore it is recommended to treat them immediately after they appear. Pathologies of this type are transmitted by ticks, nematodes and other sucking pests. Also, pathogens can be transmitted through infected seedlings or horticultural tillage tools.

Plants infected with viral pathologies grow slowly and bear fruit poorly. Their leaves are covered with yellow spots and gradually curl.

Fungal infections

The causative agent of fungal diseases is activated in summer, at high air temperatures. The most common fungal grape disease is esca, in which the surface of the leaves turns brown.However, such pathologies affect not only the leaves, but also the fruits. Infected berries turn brown and shrivel. If the plant is not cured in time, it will die.

Noncommunicable diseases

Diseases that do not appear due to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens are non-infectious. Their development is facilitated by adverse weather conditions, poor-quality or infertile soil and improper care.

Common signs of non-infectious pathologies include the appearance of pimples on the leaves. Also, small white spots may appear on their surface, which will gradually darken.

Bacterial

Plants are infected with bacterial diseases through infected garden tools, soil or affected bushes that grow nearby.Common pathologies from this group include bacterial cancer, in which yellowish growths form on the leaves.

It is impossible to cure grape seedlings, and therefore all infected bushes will have to be dug up and burned immediately.

Pests

Vine pests are as dangerous as its main diseases. Among the common grape pests, leaf and root phylloxera are distinguished. The insect infects the leaves and sucks the juice out of them, which leads to the exhaustion and death of seedlings.

Another dangerous pest that affects grape seedlings is the itch. Such an insect is almost invisible, since its length is only 0.1 mm. It affects the lower part of the leaves, because of which it is covered with cobwebs. First, the itch affects the leaves located in the lower part of the grapes, and then moves to the upper ones.

How to treat diseases in grapes?

After signs of pests or pathologies have been identified on the berries, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with how to treat them. With the treatment of grape bushes can not be delayed, as they may die. Therefore, immediately after the detection of diseases, the fight against them begins.

When treating bushes, it is recommended to use effective fungicidal preparations:

• Strobe. The product is produced in the form of granules, which are dissolved in a liquid before use. The solution for spraying is done 1-2 hours before the procedure. To do this, one granule is dissolved in a ten-liter container with water. Spray the leaves with a solution of "Strobi" should be twice a week.
• "Polychos". This fungicide is considered effective, as it has a complex effect. There are various ways to use "Polyhom", but most often it is used to create a solution.By treating grapes with this drug, it is possible to get rid of rust, powdery mildew and late blight.

Effective folk remedies

Vine growers with experience often use folk remedies to treat planted grape bushes. Common folk remedies for plant treatment include the following:

• Infusion made from cow dung. Regular spraying of seedlings with such a liquid will eliminate any pests on the leaves. To prepare the solution, two liters of manure are added to a bucket of water. Then, overripe straw is added to the liquid container. The prepared mixture is sprayed on the grapes every 8-9 days.
• Garlic infusion. A remedy made from garlic can get rid of many viral and fungal pathologies. To create a tincture, two heads of garlic are crushed and mixed with 5 liters of water and 40 grams of soap.
• Milky solution. When creating such a dairy product, you will have to mix 20 drops of iodine with a liter of milk and 8 liters of water. Then the liquid is infused for an hour and a half and used for spraying.

Most resistant varieties

In order not to deal with the treatment of grapes, varieties resistant to pests and diseases are chosen for planting. These include:

• Figure. A tall plant that can grow up to 2-3 meters in height. The variety is distinguished by small berries with a diameter of about 20 mm and a weight of 5-6 grams. The advantages of Rhysus include resistance to common insects and pathologies.
• Laura. The variety is popular among gardeners who independently grow table grapes. The characteristic features of Laura include the safety of the harvested crop, which does not deteriorate for about 2-3 weeks.Also, among the advantages, resistance to frost and late blight should be highlighted.
• Danko. This variety of grapes is distinguished by vigorous bushes and large berries, collected in clusters of a cylindrical shape. Danko is suitable for growing in the middle lane, as it copes well with frost.

Preventive measures

Disease prevention is very important as it reduces the chance of grapes getting infected. Therefore, when growing grape bushes, preventive procedures should be carried out.

To protect seedlings from pests and pathogens, you will have to regularly dig up the site and clean it from weeds with dry leaves. All dry leaves with grass should be burned in the fall or removed from the site.

Also, to improve the protective properties of grapes, you will have to periodically feed it with fertilizers. In the summer season, the bushes are fed 2-3 times with mineral fertilizers and organic matter. In addition, the bushes can be treated with a special tool "Topaz", which prevents the development of viral and bacterial diseases.

Conclusion

Growing grapes, many are faced with dangerous diseases and pests that impair yields. To protect grape seedlings, you will have to familiarize yourself with the main diseases and pests in advance, as well as the most effective ways to eliminate them.

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