Peat as a fertilizer: what is it for and how to apply

Decomposed remains of flora and fauna have long been used in agriculture. Gardeners use peat as a fertilizer knowing about the values and characteristics of this mineral.

How is peat formed?

A lot of vegetation and living organisms die in swampy places, after death they form a compressed biomass. The further process takes place in conditions of high humidity and lack of air.

Peat extraction technology

Due to the surface, it is easily mined. Do it in two ways:

• milling;
• lump or excavation method.

Milling

This method involves layer-by-layer extraction of peat, in short cycles. That is, with the help of milling drums, the top layer is milled with a depth of 6-20 mm. As a result, a crumb of peat is formed, the particle size of which is 15-25 mm. After milling, the layer is constantly turned over in order to dry.

When it dries, they begin to roll it, stack it. Then everything is repeated, the number of repetitions reaches 10-50 times.

Use this mining method since 1930. The advantages of this method are that it is completely mechanized, that is, the cost of the material obtained is low. Milled peat is used in production, power plants. And in agriculture, 15-25% of the mined minerals.The milling method is intensive drying and requires good weather conditions. In addition, it is more in demand, since the cost of human resources is minimal, and production is in large quantities.

Lumpy

Produced using excavators. Development is carried out to a depth of 400-800 cm. First, peat is mined with bucket equipment, then bricks are formed from it. They are laid out in the fields to dry. Then stacked and taken out. Based on the place of extraction and other development costs, the cost of the mineral is determined. The weight of one piece varies from 500 to 1000 g. This mining method is no more than 90 years old.

Transitional peat

It is mined in all possible ways, it all depends on where it occurs and which method is more profitable. Most often, this species is used for agriculture in order to increase soil fertility.

Peat as fertilizer: pros and cons

When purchasing peat, young and inexperienced summer residents add it in unlimited quantities to the beds with plantings. Whether this is correct, and whether it is harmful to cultivated plants, only a few think. Peat consists of 40-60% humus, but in its pure form it is very harmful for the garden. Plus, many gardeners consider a large percentage of nitrogen, about 25 kg per 1 ton.

But few people know that this nitrogen is not absorbed by plants, as it is poorly absorbed.

It is better not to fertilize the garden with pure peat, it is necessary to mix it with other organic fertilizers. The advantage of adding peat to the soil is that it increases the air permeability of the soil, making it more airy and loose. It is easier for plants to grow in such land, but this is not enough for the full development of the root system, green mass and fruits.

Recommended to use transitional or lowland peat. By no means a riding one, it greatly increases the acidity of the soil composition.

High peat is suitable for those plants that feel great in acidic soil. In this case, it is added during transplantation and later the soil around the plants is mulched with it.

Comparison

You can understand the value of this mineral in comparison with organic fertilizers:

• humus and manure;
• chernozem;
• chicken manure.

Must and manure

The main difference is the acidity. Peat wins here, so it is used for depleted land. But in most cases, humus is used, as it contains more useful substances necessary for plant growth.

Chernozem

Chernozem contains a large amount of humus, but there are also more pathogenic bacteria and viruses in it. Therefore, the summer resident has to choose independently based on what the soil lacks. If peat is applied, it must be diluted with sand and perlite and humus.

Chicken manure

Chicken manure wins because it is more valuable in terms of the composition of nutrients. Some gardeners prefer to use litter.

What is peat for?

A novice gardener wonders about the role of peat fertilizer for the site. The advantage of its use is that it contains a large amount of humic and amino acids, they contribute to the rapid growth of plants.

Peat is used for preparing fertile soil, for planting seedlings, indoor plants.

The main purpose of using peat in agriculture is to increase soil fertility.

Pros of using a mineral on the site:

• improvement of soil structure;
• increasing yields;
• increased moisture permeability;
• improved breathability.

How useful fertilizer is for a personal plot, a summer resident will appreciate after its application. But you should carefully study the composition of the soil, and then apply top dressing.

Peat properties

There are many properties due to which it is widely used in agriculture, medicine, cosmetology and many other industries. The summer resident is interested in the answer to the question of what properties peat has that are useful for a personal plot or cottage:

1. In combination with other organic matter, it can nourish and enrich the soil.
2. Makes the soil moisture and breathable.
3. Increases soil acidity.
4. Relieves the soil of pathogenic microflora.
5. Capable of lowering nitrate levels.
6. Weakens the effects of pesticides.

The properties of peat differ depending on which species it belongs to. No need to make a mineral on fertile soils. In this case, its properties are neutral.

Composition of peat

Contains plant residues that have not fully decomposed. Their decay products and mineral particles. Under natural conditions, it contains 86-95% water. Botanical Composition:

• remains of wood;
• bark and tree roots;
• various plant remains;
• hypnum and sphagnum moss.

Chemical composition varies depending on type, botanical composition and degree of decomposition. That is, the percentage of micro- and macroelements in its composition depends on what type of peat is being studied, and whose plant residues are based on it.

Peat acidity

Directly it depends on how much calcium is in its composition. Due to the high degree of acidity, horseback is practically not used when planting; it is suitable for mulching. Since its pH is 3-5. Summer residents prefer to use lowland peat, as its acidity is 5-8. All particles in its composition are well decomposed and are suitable for feeding any crop.

The following classification is determined by the degree of acidity:

1. Strongly acidic, their ash content is 1.5-3%, lime content 0.15-0.6%, pH 2.5-4.
2. Medium acidic, ash content 3-6%, lime content 1%, pH 3.5-4.5.
3. Slightly acidic, ash content 5-12%, lime more than 1%, pH 4.5-5.5.
4. Neutral, high ash content, pH neutral above 7%.

It is worth remembering that when it comes to the composition, it will not work to say unequivocally about all types. Therefore, general characteristics are given.

Degree of decomposition

The presence of humus in it depends on how decomposed the peat is. That is, the greater the degree of decomposition, the higher the percentage of structureless particles. This characteristic is the main one in describing qualities and useful properties.

This indicator is determined as a percentage, “by eye” or under a microscope. In the first case, only fresh peat is taken, which has its own natural moisture content. Signs by which the degree of decomposition is determined:

• plasticity;
• number and preservation of plant fragments;
• quantity and color of squeezed water.

Decomposition is divided into 3 groups:

• 30% - highly decomposed. It is pressed through the fingers, separate, large fragments of plant residues remain in the hands. After squeezing water, which is either very little or not at all, remains plastic. The water is dark brown.
• 20% - moderately decomposed. It is difficult to push through the fingers, a lot of plant remains remain in the hands. Water that is squeezed out is light brown or brown in color. Pressed peat springs weakly.
• Less than 20% - slightly decomposed. Impossible to push through fingers. Plant remains are easily visible. Water is squeezed out easily, its color is yellowish or colorless. Pressed peat is springy and rough on the surface.

More detailed information is provided by the macroscopic method proposed by P.D. Varlygin.

In the field, when it is not possible to conduct laboratory tests, the smear method is used. The disadvantage of the method for determining the degree of decomposition is hardly visible traces of slightly decomposed soil. And the advantage is the quick determination of results.

Types of peat

According to the research of the Institute in the European part of the Soviet Union, there are 38 species. But all these species are combined into 3 types, which are divided based on the properties of peat and the nature of the waters that feed the swamps.

1. Lowlands.
2. Horse.
3. Transitional.

Land peat

Fed from groundwater. Its pH is neutral or slightly acidic. In total, it contains 70% of organic residues, in addition, it contains a large amount of minerals.

Often, lowland peat is used to improve the soil composition of soil that has been used for a long time without any fertilizer.

High peat

The most infertile of all types, therefore only suitable for mulching or plants that require high soil acidity for growth and development.

It contains sphagnum moss, pine, cotton grass and a certain amount of moisture. And also completely free of parasites and weed seeds. These qualities are especially valuable for those summer residents who have greenhouses.

Transitional peat

Secondary formation between low-lying and high-moor peat, that is, the layer is transitional. With fewer trace elements, and low acidity of the soil. The plant remains that make up this species are almost constant, differ slightly, depending on the type of peat deposits.

Neutralized peat

Subspecies of riding species. It is used for the preparation of substrates, for this they take raw materials of a low degree of decomposition. It uses limestone flour to neutralize acidity.

It is used to make greenhouse soil, or soil for plants grown in pots. For open ground, used when planting trees and shrubs.

Using peat

The scope of its application in agriculture is very extensive. The mineral is used in beds, in greenhouses, in the garden and when growing flowers.

For the garden

Pure peat is not used to fertilize the beds. Basically it is mixed with humus and other organic substances. And make it wet 50-60%. Otherwise, it will already be mulching.

Peat compost is common in summer cottages. In addition, summer residents call this method of application the most effective.

For greenhouse

The ability of a mineral to absorb moisture and at the same time retain it is indispensable when arranging a greenhouse. With the help of these properties, it maintains the optimal temperature regime of the soil in the greenhouse for a long time. Concurrently, the mineral is an antiseptic. Therefore, in greenhouses, peat is filled by 50-90%.

For the garden

For application in the garden, preliminary preparation of the mineral is required. Within 2 weeks it is recommended to keep it carefully fluffing. If possible, sift through a sieve.

When using peat in the garden, constant watering is required. Proper use will provide plant roots with nutrients and oxygen needed for vigorous plant growth.

For plants

Peat is used for many types of crops. Apply as a fertilizer in spring or autumn for digging. This helps to improve the composition of the soil and increase the nutrients that the plant takes for proper development and growth.

For flowers

Fans of growing flowers, garden and indoor, also note the positive effect of peat on plants. Using a mineral as a fertilizer helps plants recover faster after transplanting.

Peonies respond especially well. They grow faster, bloom better and have a very strong smell. Use it as mulch and top dressing. In the second case, it must be combined with mineral fertilizers.

Winter use

In winter, the mineral is used for compost. During the winter, it overheats and turns into the most nutritious fertilizer. Its introduction in winter causes early snow melting. Consequently, the ground starts to warm up earlier.

Fertilization of individual crops

Mineral is used for some crops in different ways, it is important to know how to properly fertilize so as not to harm either the plant or the soil.

Potatoes

Growing potatoes is a laborious process. The summer resident, in order to get a crop, makes fertile soil in the garden, adding sand and clay. But by themselves, these components do not perform the necessary function, so peat is added to them. This soil composition is the most suitable for the crop.

Strawberry

Applying fertilizer to strawberry beds, gardeners note the precocity of the berry, the harvest becomes richer, the taste of strawberries is richer. They are applied in spring or autumn, mixed with sawdust and dried well. Add it between rows 30 kg per 1 m^{2 Or directly into each hole.}

Tomatoes

For this crop, peat is used as a foliar and basal top dressing once every 2 weeks. Or apply for 1 m^{2 4 kg, spreading evenly over the bed.}

For better effect, the mineral is added when planting seeds.

Cucumbers

Due to the introduction of peat into the soil, a rich harvest of crops is obtained. It is important to observe the dosage and correctly lime or reduce the acidity of the soil. Compliance with the proportions will help to get the maximum possible yield from cucumber bushes.

Cabbage

For this culture, which is very picky about acidity, peat is used by lowering the pH. Then the effect of its application will be noticeable almost immediately.

Soil fertilization with peat

To improve soil fertility, summer residents use this mineral. But many do not even think about the fact that it brings harm. Therefore, before fertilizing the soil, it is necessary to determine what exactly the soil needs.

Introducing it into fertile land, you should not expect improvements, as there will be no result. But if the soil is severely depleted, then it raises its fertility.

Summer residents recommend introducing the mineral together with other organic additives, since in its pure form it is poor in minerals.

Peat preparation

Before use, it is necessary to properly prepare the mineral. This requires simple requirements:

1. Ventilate well before use. To volatilize the toxic substances in its composition.
2. The moisture content of the raw materials used is not less than 50%.
3. The effects on the plant are not immediate, sometimes they are noticeable, only after 2-3 years.
4. Regardless of the season, fertilization is always appropriate.
5. The best use is compost.

When to deposit

There are no specific dates, it is brought in at any time, in spring and autumn for plowing. During the period of plant growth, row spacing and under roots.

Dosage

There are no regulations on the use of minerals. They only note the moment that it is necessary to make several years in a row, gradually bringing the soil to the desired degree of fertility.

Mulching with peat

This process also requires the implementation of the rules, this leads to a positive result from the work done. Mulch during the growing season or before winter. In summer, peat is used for this, which is applied in a layer of 1 to 2 cm. In spring, protecting plantings, up to 5 cm, in winter, the layer is not limited.

Soil feeding

To enrich the fertile layer of the earth, peat mixed with any organic additives is used. Since he alone does not provide proper enrichment with minerals. Mineral, in its pure form, is used only for mulching.

Use, high-moor peat for mulch, lowland and transitional, to enrich the soil.

Managing peat compost

Pure fertilizer provides few nutrients to the soil. Therefore, summer residents recommend making compost. It requires leaves, food scraps, cut weeds, and other plant debris. Compost is prepared within 1-1.5 years. The degree of readiness is determined visually. The whole mass should be homogeneous and loose.

Ways

There are 2 ways to organize compost, which of them is preferable for the summer resident to choose.

Spot composting

A layer of peat 50-60 cm is laid out at the chosen place. Then manure 70-80 cm is laid out in a continuous layer, or heaps. 60 cmClosing manure from all sides. This method is preferred in winter.

Layer

Peat is distributed over a width of 4-5 m, the length of the site, if possible, the layer thickness is 50 cm, then a layer of manure is laid, then peat again, and so on several times, the height of the finished compost heap is 2 m. The last layer is necessarily peat .

Peat based fertilizer

Fertilizer manufacturers create plant nutrition. They make it for those who cannot make their own compost heap. They are made in the form of granules that are added directly to the wells. And liquid fertilizer, which is absorbed much better. It is watered on plants and used as a growth promoter for seeds.

Peat oxidate

Economical plant nutrition, which is much cheaper than imported analogues. Helps plants accumulate nutrients, improves soil structure, prevents toxins from entering the plant.

It contains amino acids, monosaccharides, proteins, humic acids, minerals and fulvic acids. Be sure to dilute with water when using.

Peat extraction

For manufacturing, a low-lying view is used, with the help of electro-hydraulic processing, an extract is obtained. The fertilizer is very easy to use. Contains many useful substances. Recommended for areas where there is no need to fertilize the soil.

An alternative to peat fertilizers

If it is not possible to purchase a mineral, it is replaced with organic matter similar in composition of nutrients. These include:

• manure;
• humus;
• humus;
• bird droppings;
• il;
• faeces;
• sawdust, tree bark;
• green manure;
• compost pits.

Choosing an alternative for a grower.

Dung

The best replacement for peat. Its composition is rich in minerals that plants need for growth and development. They are all in an easily digestible form.

The only negative for the plot is that fresh manure cannot be used.

Humus

Rich in nutrients that increase overall soil fertility. It is introduced before digging or directly into the holes.

Must

Used as an alternative to peat in most cases, as it is rich in nutrients that enrich the soil.

Bird droppings

It is recommended to use pigeon, chicken, goose and duck droppings are less suitable. Bring in the fall in undiluted form. During the season, they are used as liquid top dressings.

Il

Rich in humus, potassium and nitrogen sludge is used in areas to improve soil fertility.

Feces

Not used in pure form, special preparation of fertilizer with their use is required. Made on the basis of a compost heap.

Sawdust, tree bark

Cheap and affordable organic fertilizer, which becomes an excellent replacement for minerals. Contribute to the plots only rotted. Mixed with other dressings and layered with the ground.

Compost is prepared from the bark, mixed with mineral supplements and moistened. Fertilizer will be ready within 6 months.

Siderates

Since autumn, the plot is sown with perennial or annual crops, plowed up in spring. Useful substances pass into the soil, enriching the soil.

Compost pits

Harmless organic fertilizer that significantly increases soil fertility. The disadvantage of top dressing is that it is being prepared from 1 to 2 years. But do not forget that it is in this form that minerals are better absorbed by plants.

Peat as a fertilizer is indispensable on the site. But do not make it thoughtlessly, everything is good in moderation.

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