Growing soybeans in the garden: how to sow, feed and how to process with photo

Sow legumes when the soil warms up well, and do not forget about abundant watering during flowering. Soybean is an important crop because it is able to provide vegetable protein and oil. In addition, it has a good profitability. No special conditions are required to grow soybeans. Therefore, summer residents often began to plant it on personal plots.

Description of the plant

Soya belongs to heat-loving plants. For its good growth, warm days and frost-free nights are needed. Most actively, the plant gives an increase at daytime temperatures of +32 degrees and at night + 22 degrees. Daylight hours should be 12 hours. The crop is high-yielding.

Plant height averages 0.6-1 meter. It has trifoliate leaves, which fall off after the crop has matured. Soybean blooms with small flowers collected in inflorescences - brushes, attracts insects weakly due to the absence of a bright smell. The length of the fruits does not exceed 6 cm, they contain a maximum of 4 beans, more often 2-3. The seeds are greenish or yellow in color.

Soybean Growing Tips

This plant is relatively "new" in the gardens of our citizens. Not everyone has experience in growing this crop in vegetable gardens. Experts offer some tips to help you get a quality and abundant harvest.

1. Soybeans can be grown in areas where cereals and corn used to grow, can be sown after potatoes and beets.But after cabbage or other representatives of legumes, it is better not to sow soybeans. And after sunflower too, because these plants can cause the active spread of bacteriosis in the soil.
2. Growing soybeans, next year in the same place you can get a good harvest of wheat, rapeseed, vegetables.
3. Soybeans cannot be sown in the same field for two years in a row, as it significantly impoverishes the land.
4. The soil should be prepared in advance. On the selected territory in autumn, it is required to apply fertilizers to a depth of approximately 20-30 cm. In the spring, the field is harrowed. It should be even, without furrows and bumps with a height difference of more than 4 cm. After all, soybeans are quite low, it will be difficult to collect them.
5. It is necessary to prepare for sowing not only the land, but also the seeds. The peculiarity of the preparation is that the planting material under normal home conditions should be pickled and then treated with rhizotorfin so that nodule microorganisms actively develop.The consumption of the solution is from 70 to 80 liters per ton of seeds. Sometimes, instead of seed treatment with rhizotorphin, ammonium nitrate is used to apply it to the soil. This method is more expensive, but significantly increases the yield.
6. Don't sow soybean seeds with air seeders.
7. It is important to water and fertilize plants in a timely manner, especially with compounds of molybdenum, sulfur, cob alt.
8. In order for the yield not to decrease, it is necessary to periodically change the varieties grown on the site and renew the seed, as well as apply crop rotation.

Planting soybeans in open field

Sow legumes when the soil warms up well - up to 10 degrees to a depth of 5 cm and the threat of night frosts disappears. This is the planting depth. It is better to wait for the soil to warm up to 12-14 degrees. Therefore, soybeans are often sown in late April or early May.At the same time, there should be a sufficient amount of moisture in the ground.

Under favorable conditions, seedlings will appear in a week. If you sow a legume earlier, it will sprout late, be susceptible to various diseases, and the stem will stretch excessively.

All dicotyledonous crops are very demanding on planting depth. Beans cannot be buried more than 3-5 cm. If the sowing is done deeper, then the plant will not sprout at all. The distance between the rows is left at 40-60 cm. About 40 seeds are sown per meter.

Moisture content in the soil is crucial, it must be retained by various agricultural practices. For example, loosen the soil only slightly so that it does not dry out. It is favorable when a layer of plant residues is preserved on the soil.

For soybeans, soil acidity is important, it prefers neutral or slightly acidic soils. The best option is 6.2 … 8. At lower pH values, the plant is not cultivated.

Features of soy care

Culture is demanding on ambient temperature and lighting. If there is not enough sunlight for the plant, then it greatly lengthens the stems, the leaf cuttings also become long, as a result, the ovary is poorly formed, it falls off prematurely.

Most of all, this leguminous plant requires heat during the period when it actively blooms and forms fruits. At temperatures below 14 degrees, soybeans stop growing.

It is important to weed plants in a timely manner, remove weeds, loosen the soil between rows. Harrowing is done several times. The first time 4 days after sowing, then when the plant reaches a height of 15 cm, the third time - when the third leaves are formed. You need to process the space between the rows to remove weeds as they appear. During the growing season, there can be from 2 to 5 of them. Without additional watering and fertilizing, soybeans will not give a high yield.

Soybean fertilizer

Sufficient content of trace elements in the soil is very important for this leguminous crop. This primarily concerns molybdenum and boron. This is due to the fact that the development of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live on the roots of the culture directly depends on these elements. Nodule microorganisms fix nitrogen from the air, enriching the soil with it. Foliar feeding with these substances has a positive effect on crop growth, especially in the early stages.

Foliar processing ensures the synthesis of chlorophyll. If it is not carried out, then the soybean will be an uncharacteristic color: light green and even yellow.

For top dressing, nitrogen fertilizers are used at the rate of 10-20 kg per hectare of soil, as well as phosphorus (15-30 kg) and potash (25-60 kg). During the period of active growth, urea is added (for fertilizer on the leaves, 50 grams of the composition per bucket of water will be required), nitrophoska, UAN.Before sowing, s altpeter or ammonium sulfate is added to the soil where soybeans will grow.

How to tie?

Large bushes are tied to stakes about a meter high. For this purpose, branches can be used any, the exception is willow. She settles in quickly. Metal rods are also often used. We recommend using polyethylene cords or strips of soft fabric for the garter.

Soybean watering rules

Another factor that is important for a leguminous plant is the amount of water and air humidity. Soybeans can still tolerate dry periods before flowers appear, but this reduces yields as the bottom beans will not develop well.

When the beds are abundantly covered with flowers and grains begin to set, the plant needs a sufficient amount of moisture, otherwise you will have to forget about the harvest.Moist air is also desirable for soybeans during this growing season. Therefore, watering should be frequent and plentiful. In dry conditions, the culture simply discards the flowers, the first formed ovary and does not form a new one.

It is better to water the bean crop with warm water, and then, so that moisture does not evaporate, mulch the soil with peat or straw.

How to process soybeans?

To protect soybean crops from an abundance of weeds, it is necessary to carry out herbicide treatment in a timely manner. Most often, Harnes is used, which is applied at the rate of 2 liters per hectare of land. Sprouts tolerate herbicides well in the growth phase from the first trefoil to the beginning of the formation of the third trefoil. The deadline for weed control is the appearance of the fifth level of leaves, before the formation of buds. Later, the treatment of crops with herbicides is very harmful to her.

The immunity of the plant is rather weak, so it is very important for him to control the presence of the first signs of the disease. Of the pests, aphids, as well as spider mites, love to populate this culture. Of the folk methods, they practice the treatment with decoctions of bitter wormwood, hot pepper. If the growing season occurs with excessive moisture and at the same time low temperatures, then the plant may suffer from powdery mildew.

Then, spraying with copper-based preparations, for example, copper sulphate, is carried out. All damaged parts of the plant must be removed and burned. For prevention, it is better to treat with Imazamox, Imazetapir or Bentazon when the first 5-7 leaves already appear on the seedlings.

How to harvest soybeans?

Early varieties of legumes ripen as early as 85 days, while late varieties will need 245 days. Also, the harvesting period depends on the climatic features of cultivation, the region. Therefore, soybeans are harvested from the end of July until the end of September.

The main factor signaling that it is time to harvest is the dropping of leaves by the plant. The beans will be gray by this time. They need to be harvested quite quickly, in 3-4 days, otherwise they will begin to open themselves, the crop will be lost. In the fields, soybeans are harvested with the help of combines, in small beds they are mowed and threshed. After harvesting the beans, the stems of the plants are removed from the field, and the leaves are simply dug up.

Before you start threshing the beans, it is best to keep them in the sun so that they open themselves from the sunlight.

If the harvest period coincided with the rainy season, then from small areas the plant is pulled out along with the roots and hung up to dry indoors. Beans in this state will fully ripen.

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