Processing grapes in July from diseases and pests: what and how to spray

Grapes - a noble, tasty, dietary and healing berry, comes from ancient times. The dignity of grapes is the production of various varieties of wines and strong alcoholic beverages, for which it serves as a raw material. The main goal of gardeners is to grow a rich harvest, which cannot be done without treating the vine from pests and diseases throughout the summer, especially in the month of July, during the formation of the future harvest.

Do grapes need to be processed?

Despite the fact that grapes are a heat-loving plant, there are many varieties zoned in the Middle Strip and even the northern regions of the country.To obtain a stable large harvest, a competent approach to agricultural technology and methods of cultivating crops is required, as well as preventive measures against pests and diseases, and in the case of diseases, knowledge of measures to combat plant diseases and pests.

Spraying vineyards with chemicals is the main way to prevent and control diseases, guarantee the cultivation and harvest of a rich harvest.

When to process?

Processing of grapes is carried out several times during the season. For modern grape varieties, it is enough to process them no more than 4 times, which will provide complete protection against pests and plant diseases. Summer treatments ensure the preservation of the crop without loss. Summer processing must be carried out during the rainy season, after precipitation, within 2 hours.

During the summer rains, disease-causing spores are lifted by the wind and carried through the air, and with the rain they settle on the leaves of plants, so you need to have time to kill them before they penetrate the plant cells.

Autumn measures for the prevention and disinfection of grapes allow you to ensure the he alth of plants before wintering. Spring spraying will help ensure he althy vine growth.

When the harvest ripens, when the berries go into the stage of pouring juice and a set of sugars, all work that is associated with the use of chemical toxic substances is stopped. In cases of emergency, you can resort to folk remedies using baking soda, colloidal sulfur, solutions of ash or laundry soap, potassium permanganate. Before and after flowering, preventive spraying with fungicides is mandatory.

Timely disinfection measures create conditions for a rich harvest of sweet grapes.

For orientation on the timing of disinfection work, you can use the calendar, which describes in detail the timing, activities, preparations and methods of processing. The calendar can be found on the Internet or use our table.

Table

Processing grape bushes from diseases and pests.

Vine conditionTreatment for diseases and pestsTreatment productsSolution concentrationsAprilJune: 1. Before flowering Diseases,Pesticides are not allowed!July Stem growth and berry filling fungal diseases: - oidium in dry weather fungal diseases: - oidium,Maturation phase Same as in August-//--//-

Season, months
" t> + 5 ^С	Sleeping kidney condition	Vine uprooting,	Iron vitriol	3% solution
	pests	Nitrafen	2% solution
	DNOC	1% solution
May	The appearance of the first leaves, before blooms	Diseases: mildew, oidium, anthracnose, black spot (if not in the previous year, then no treatment).	Fungicides	According to instructions
May	The appearance of the first leaves, before blooms	pests	acaricides	according to instructions
2 times	2. When the berries are the size of a pea	pests	Fungicides	According to instructions
2 times			Death of pollinators, flowers	According to instructions
1-15 3 weeks after previous treatment 15-31	Collecting early varieties	- oidium in rainy weather - mildew, - gray rot -pincers -wasps	Flint B Quadris Profit Gold Topaz potassium permanganate Thiovit Jet Traps	according to instructions 7 grams per 10 liters of water According to instructions
August	Berry growth and ripening phase	- mildew, - gray rot	Quadris Potassium permanganate	According to instructions 7 grams per 10 liters of water
September	If harvested	Fungal diseases	Flint Strobe	According to instructions
October - if there were illnesses in the current year	Resting state	Eradication Treatment	Iron vitriol	3% solution

What is the best way to spray grapes from pests?

Fungicides are preparations related to chemical compounds or biological origin, which include microorganisms (fungi or bacteria), they are used in the fight against plant diseases that cause pathogenic spores of fungi and microorganisms.

Fungicides are divided into systemic and contact preparations:

systemic fungicides penetrate into plant cells and kill fungal spores inside the plant, rain does not weaken the effectiveness of the drugs;
contact fungicides work on the principle of surface action, they cover the plants with a protective enveloping film, preventing pathogenic spores from entering and introducing into the plant, they are washed off with water;
biofungicides contain fungal spores or strains of microorganisms that are stronger than pathogenic microflora;
combined fungicides have systemic and contact properties, their advantages: can be used for diseases and for protection against pests.

From pests, drugs are used - acaricides (literally: drugs that kill ticks): Mitak, Neoron, Talstar, Aktellik, Fakstak, Mitak, colloidal sulfur. Iron vitriol is a universal solution that rids the plant of diseases and pests.

In addition to direct harm to leaves, shoots, berries, insects spread pathogenic strains and spores of fungi. Insects do double damage to plants. The combined fungicide Nitrafen will help in the fight against both diseases and pests. The choice of drugs from insects must be approached selectively.

Means for treating grapes from diseases

For the treatment of grapes from diseases, there is a wide range of preparations - fungicides:

systemic fungicides: Topaz, Strobi, Horus, Quadris;
contact fungicides: Cuprolux, Hom, Sedakol, Bordeaux liquid, Aniga Peak;
combined fungicides: Nitrafen, Sodium Polysulfide, Delan, Kuproksat, Pennkotseb;
biofungicides: Mikosan-B, Trichodermin, Pentaphage-S, Planriz.

These are highly effective drugs against diseases caused by spores and strains of pathogenic microorganisms on plants. Universal and oldest drugs for grape diseases: Bordeaux liquid and iron sulfate.

With the help of fungicides pathogens of plants are destroyed, but it is impossible to cure diseased leaves and shoots. Damaged plant parts must be removed.

How to properly process grapes?

For the effective use of insecticides and fungicides, it is necessary to know not only their properties, but also the rules for spraying:

in the evening, after sunset, as the sun's rays, refracted through drops of water, burn the leaves;
in calm weather, otherwise the preparations are carried by the wind and quickly evaporate, the treatment effect is reduced;
from the top of the bush down, with the capture of the stem and root part;
spraying after rain - within 2 hours after the end of the rain (but the moisture from the leaves must evaporate before processing);
when processing, use protective clothing, rubber gloves, goggles.

How to properly organize protection against pathogenic microflora and harmful organisms? Keeping personal records of observations of the behavior of grapes in various weather conditions and the occurrence of diseases, take control measures. All this can be reflected in the form of diagrams that will help in the future to carry out preventive work and control pests and diseases in a timely and effective manner.

Ready-made grape processing schemes can be found on various sites on the Internet.On the net you can find the “Scheme for the treatment of grape bushes from diseases, from Syngeta. Grapes 2022-2023. This scheme reflects a detailed calendar plan for the processing of grapes. Syngenta is the largest company in Switzerland that produces seeds and plant protection products against diseases and pests.

Disinfection of planting material

After buying seedlings or cuttings of grapes, the planting material is disinfected, which will save you from subsequent troubles in the fight against diseases.

For disinfection of chibouks, they use: ethyl alcohol - 70% solution, whiteness solution (1/2 cup per 1 liter of water), 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, pesticide solution (60 grams of karbofos per 8 liters of water). Before planting, the chibouks are dipped for 5 minutes in disinfectant solutions, washed with water, and the sections are renewed. Saplings will not withstand such a procedure, due to the delicate root system.They are cleaned from the ground, dipped in a clay mash (prepared in a solution of karbofos) or in an aqueous solution of karbofos for a few seconds, placed in a plastic bag for a day, planted in the ground. The condition of the seedlings is at rest (without swollen buds).

Preventive treatment

Timely preventive work in garden plots and vineyards is the key to a rich harvest.

To prevent infection, there is a set of measures, the implementation of which excludes the spread of diseases and pests:

selecting a planting site for a crop in a high and ventilated area;
watering the grapes at the root;
bush formation, pruning of dried shoots;
weeding and leaf removal;
competent fertilizer;
mulching needles;
preventive treatment with fungicides and acaricides.

Prophylactic spraying is carried out regardless of the presence of pests and diseases:

before flowering - Ridomol Gold (mildew) and Topaz (oidium);
after flowering - Quadris or Strobi (antifungal drugs); from gray rot - Switch or Cantus;
special purpose drugs are chosen from pests.

By the end of July, all treatments with pesticides and pesticides are stopped, as this leads to the accumulation of toxic substances in the berries. The combination of therapeutic and preventive treatments is the key to preventing the development of the disease and the destruction of pests.