Planting grapes in spring, summer and autumn with seedlings: the right way, the scheme

When planning the cultivation of vines in a summer cottage, it is necessary to observe a number of features. To get a good harvest, you need not only to choose a variety suitable for the area, but also to constantly care for the plant at each stage of growth. Planting of grapes should be carried out taking into account the specifics of the soil, climatic conditions and variety of fruits.

Recommended timings

Certain grape varieties should be planted in different seasons. Properly chosen time for planting berries improves the quality and quantity of the crop. You can start growing vines in any season except winter.

Spring

Planting grapes in the spring is allowed from the end of April to mid-May. As a rule, annual plants with a lignified trunk are planted during this period.

The right time to land is when the air temperature reaches 15 degrees and the ground warms up to 10 degrees.

The probability of returning cold weather in spring is low, so the risk of death of seedlings from unsuitable temperatures is minimal. The planted plants take root well, because the earth after the snow melts is saturated with moisture and contains the nutrients necessary for intensive development.

Summer

Green vegetative grapes are planted in June-July. For planting, it is necessary to select seedlings with roots that have 3 or more branches. Before direct planting, it is necessary to pour 2 buckets of water into the prepared pit to saturate the dried soil with moisture.

Autumn

Autumn planting of seedlings is carried out from the beginning of October until the onset of the first cold weather. Before planting, it is necessary to select annual seedlings with developed roots. Green shoots about 20 cm long should grow on the stem. 2 days before being transferred to the ground, the seedling must be soaked and the top cut off. The lower roots are cut to 2-3 cm.

There are a number of benefits to planting grapes in the fall. These include the following:

1. At the beginning of autumn, special seedlings are prepared for sale. In the spring, seedlings that were not sold last season may be sold, so there is a risk of buying low-quality planting material.
2. The soil is most prepared for planting in anticipation of winter. The soil contains nutrients accumulated during the summer, as well as a sufficient amount of moisture.
3. Before the first spring warming, seedlings have time to take root and adapt to new growth conditions. During spring sunny days, plants will begin to actively develop.

To protect young seedlings during frost, it is necessary to cover the ground in the root area with a dense layer of mulch. At the same time, air should be provided to prevent overheating.

Choosing a seat

When choosing a suitable place for vines on the site, it is necessary to ensure constant natural light for seedlings. Also, the place should be protected from through winds from the north side. You can plant grapes next to buildings that will act as protection from blowing.

If there are no suitable buildings nearby, you can build a fence to enclose the bushes. As a fence, a screen made of dark boards is suitable. The fence will create protection from drafts and, heating up from the sun's rays, will give heat to the plants.

In most cases, you should place the grapes with shelter against the south wall, but this is not suitable for all areas. In the northwestern regions of the country, the land warms up slowly and does not contain a large amount of organic matter, so it is better to place seedlings on the western or southwestern side, protecting the plantations with covering material.

What soil is needed and planting depth

Before planting grapes in open ground, you need to make sure that the land is suitable in structure and composition for growing berries. Soil with a high content of crushed stone or coarse sand is considered the best option, since such land warms up quickly, passes air and is less susceptible to drought. Grapes grown on similar soil have pronounced taste characteristics.

The mechanical composition of the soil affects the formation of roots, the degree of their branching and the depth of penetration into the ground.The denser the soil, the longer the skeletal roots will form. The plant forms a powerful root system to overcome the dense earth, therefore, when preparing a hole for a seedling, it must be taken into account that the structure of not only the upper layer of the earth, but also the deeper layers is important.

Having determined the structure of the soil, it is necessary to figure out how to properly plant a seedling in a pit. The planting hole is dug to a depth of 60 to 80 cm. The width of the hole should correspond to the depth.

Methods of planting seedlings

There are many ways to plant grapes. Planting options differ in the method of site preparation on the site, the type of planting material used and other features.

Classic

The most common is the classic scheme. It involves the sequential execution of the following actions:

1. In autumn, several holes are dug up to a depth of 80 cm with a distance of at least 2 m from each other. It is necessary to prepare a hole in advance, as then the soil will begin to settle.
2. A drainage layer 10 cm thick is laid at the bottom of the pit.
3. The stalk harvested in autumn is cut from below and aged for two days in a growth stimulator at room temperature.
4. The cuttings are transferred to a container of clean water to form roots and young shoots, after which they are grown in seedling pots.
5. Saplings with a closed root system are transferred to open ground when the ground warms up to 16 degrees.
6. The soil is covered with a layer of mulch and watered with plenty of warm water.

On the trellis

The structure of vines is similar to vines and needs support.Growing in the wild, the plant wraps around nearby trees. To control the direction of growth, you should install a trellis, which can have a different shape and number of planes. The support consists of several poles connected to each other by wire.

During the first spirit of the life of plantings, it is enough just to tie the vine to the posts. With further growth, the grapes are placed on a horizontal trellis in such a way as to alternately wrap around both wires. If one support is missing, you can install another one, leaving about 40-45 cm between rows.

On the ridges

The method of growing on ridges is appreciated by gardeners for low labor costs in weed control and fast warming up of the earth. To prepare the ridges, you need to follow these steps step by step:

• dig a trench 10 m long to a depth of 30 cm;
• fill the ditch with earth mixed with sand, gravel and fertilizer so that the beds rise 20-25 cm;
• protect the beds with a covering material or cover with a dense layer of mulch;
• deepen the roots of seedlings 40-45 cm from the surface of the beds.

Greenhouse

Climatic conditions artificially created in the greenhouse are the most favorable for the intensive growth and development of grapes. Due to the high temperature, the vines begin to ripen and bear fruit earlier. When planting in a greenhouse, it is necessary to prepare the soil by analogy with other methods. Cuttings should be rooted in advance in separate containers at room temperature.

The distance between landings in the greenhouse should be at least 1.5 m between each bush. It is enough to water the plants at intervals of 1 time per week.

To containers

The container method extends the growing season of seedlings, which is most appropriate when grown in cool regions. The essence of the method lies in the fact that the seedlings, which have formed roots, are planted in bags of dense polyethylene without a bottom. Packages are placed inside a pallet or container covered with foil.

Before the formation of the first buds, seedlings must be kept warm. As the soil dries, the sprouts are watered abundantly. Grapes should be transferred outdoors after the risk of frost has disappeared.

Moldavian

Planting grapes according to the Moldovan method is used if there is a vine longer than 60 cm. The cultivation process is carried out according to the following instructions:

1. With the onset of spring, it is necessary to twist a ring from the vine and fix the coils with a rope.
2. Putting the vine in the prepared hole on the surface, leave 1-2 buds. So that they do not dry out, a handful of earth is left above the end of the vine.
3. By the autumn season, the vines grow and bring the first harvest the next year.

When planting several plantations according to the Moldovan scheme, it is necessary to observe spatial isolation between the bushes. Free distance is required for the development and growth of bushes.

Thickening

In conditions of hot and dry weather, a thickened growing technique is used. Up to 7 grape bushes are planted on a square of land. This eliminates the need for tying and creating additional support. The main advantage of the thickening method is saving space on the site and reducing labor costs. The disadvantage is that in the absence of proper care on thickened bushes, infectious diseases will occur that can reduce yields.

Features of planting grapes in the lowlands

In the case of growing grapes in inland areas, a number of features must be taken into account.Since precipitation accumulates in the lowlands, additional watering is not required if there is a large amount of rainfall. To eliminate excess moisture, cover the soil in the area of \u200b\u200bthe bushes with a layer of sawdust, which will partially absorb the liquid.

There is no need to build a windbreak in the lowlands, since the main air currents will pass over the location of the bushes. For the winter, it is enough to use standard covering material.

Caring for grapes after planting

The key to obtaining a large harvest is not only proper planting, but also the subsequent care of plants. Basic care for young grapes involves the implementation of standard procedures, including fertilizing, watering, protective treatment and pruning.

Fertilizers

If, when transferring seedlings to open ground, top dressing was immediately applied, then over the next 3-4 years, additional fertilizers for grapes are not required.For intensive maturation, mature plantings need to receive nutrients that are not always present in the soil.

Fruits need the following ingredients:

1. Nitrogen. The element is responsible for the growth of foliage and shoots and is introduced into the ground in the spring, when the growing season is activated.
2. Phosphorus. At the very beginning of flowering grapes, phosphate fertilizers contribute to the emergence of new inflorescences, the ripening of clusters with a large number of berries.
3. Potassium. With the onset of autumn, when it is necessary to accelerate the maturation of the vines before the first frosts, the application of potassium chloride is required, which stimulates the growth of fruits.
4. Copper. Top dressing with the addition of copper particles increases the resistance of shoots to cold and drought.
5. Bor. The use of boric acid in the soil increases the sugar content of the crop and speeds up the ripening process.

Irrigation

During the first year of development, a significant part of the seedlings may die due to lack of moisture in the soil. Developing roots require a constant supply of fluid to actively form.

The first watering after planting seedlings is carried out after 10-12 days. Abundant watering is recommended in the early morning or evening, so that the moisture does not evaporate quickly under the influence of sunlight and high temperatures, if the grapes are planted in the warm season. 2-3 buckets of clean settled water, warmed to room temperature, are poured under each bush.

The next watering is required in 2 weeks, provided there is no rain during this period. Each subsequent watering is carried out as the soil dries up.

Processing

With negative external influences, unsuitable climate or excessive soil moisture, there is a risk of developing infectious diseases or the appearance of harmful insects.In order to maintain yields and fight sources of fruit infection, it is necessary to treat the bushes with preparations from the fungicidal and insecticidal categories. The use of pest repellents is also allowed as a preventive measure.

Formation

To give a decorative and neat shape, the crowns of the bushes are subject to pruning. You can form a vine in spring or autumn. When cutting vegetation in anticipation of winter, bushes should be covered after the procedure to protect them from frost. With the onset of the first warming, the shoots will begin to grow intensively and form young branches. The spring formation of the crown helps to provide access to the sun and air to the fruits. During the warm season, cut shoots have time to adapt and bring a good harvest by autumn.

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