Varieties of sweet cherries for central Russia: self-fertile and undersized

How to grow a tasty and he althy berry on the site, avoiding common mistakes of novice gardeners. It is required to choose the right varieties of sweet cherries for the middle lane. Half of the success depends on this. If the species is not suitable for growing under certain conditions, then all other positive characteristics are useless.

Climate of central Russia

This region is very vast, its climate is defined as temperate continental. The temperature in winter ranges from -8 ⁰С to -12 ⁰С. In summer it is +17… +28 ⁰С.

Winter is moderately frosty, but snowy, and summer is humid and warm. Therefore, horticulture is fully developed. Many varieties of cherries are suitable for cultivation in this region. But there are signs that you definitely need to look closely when choosing.

Recommended varieties for this region

A summer resident who decides to start breeding cherries on a plot should pay attention to the following subtleties when choosing a variety:

• Winter hardiness of plants is an important criterion to be guided by. A heat-loving plant does not tolerate a decrease in temperature very well. Therefore, the higher this indicator, the better.
• The short stature of sweet cherries allows you to throw all your strength into the formation of fruits, paying less attention to the crown. This is the advantage of low trees.
• Flowering should be late, as in the climate of the middle zone, return spring frosts are often observed. They are capable of destroying the future crop. Breeders breed varieties whose fruit buds are not afraid of a slight drop in temperature. You should pay attention to them.
• Self-fertility or self-pollination is an indispensable feature of a fruit tree. In this case, the tree does not need pollinators, it is able to pollinate itself.

The best varieties are those that have all of the above characteristics.

Winter hardy

An important indicator of the variety that affects the yield. The better the cherry will survive the winter, the more abundant the harvest will be. Unstable weather in winter has a detrimental effect on the general condition of the tree. It may die as a result. The summer resident will not only not receive a crop, but will also lose the plant.

The higher the degree of stability, the better. This indicator is one of the most important.

This category of varieties includes:

1. Iway, excellent frost resistance. The fruits are large red in color, sweet in taste and highly tasting.
2. Gronkavaya, in addition to a high degree of frost resistance, has a number of other advantages, due to which summer residents choose it for planting.The taste of the berries is sweet and sour. Sweet cherries are used for any processing method. Requires neighboring cultivation of other pollinating varieties.
3. Red Hill. Resistant to low temperatures, large-fruited and unpretentious. Care requires the formation of a crown and the cultivation of a number of pollinators, as it is infertile by itself.
4. The student. Partially self-fertile, winter-hardy sweet cherry with fruits of standard taste characteristics. Ripens early, fruits are harvested almost simultaneously.
5. Veda. Yielding frost-resistant cherry variety, large fruits, weight reaches 5 g. Unpretentious in care, does not tolerate drafts and strong winds.
6. Odrinka. The fruits of this sweet cherry are dark, almost black, and have a dessert purpose. But they are also used for processing. Weight reaches 7.5 g. It winters well and gives a bountiful harvest.
7. Revna is partially self-fertile, gardeners grow other types of cherries together with it, this helps to increase productivity. The fruits are large and very tasty. Used in cooking.

There are many winter-hardy varieties, but to get an excellent harvest, it is recommended to pay attention to other equally important criteria.

Yellowfruits

Such cherry varieties are preferred by those gardeners who do not want to pay much attention to tree care. Often these varieties of cherries are more unpretentious than red-fruited ones. In addition, they have one important property, they absolutely do not attract birds.

List of yellow varieties:

• Drogana Yellow. The variety was bred a long time ago, over the years its positive reputation has only strengthened. Summer residents love her for her unpretentiousness and consistently high fruiting, independent of weather conditions. The weight of the fruit reaches 8 g. The taste is sweet, for this reason it is consumed only fresh. Berries do not tolerate transportation well.The yield is 30 kg per tree. Immunity is stable, the tree is not susceptible to fungal diseases.
• Leningradskaya Yellow. Berries weigh 3.5 g, taste sweet. The average yield is 15 kg from 1 tree. Unpretentious in care, sweet cherry becomes a favorite in any area.
• Orlovskaya Amber. The average weight is 5.5 g. Dessert purpose, as it has a sweet taste and loose pulp. With proper care and fulfillment of agrotechnical requirements, up to 35 kg of berries are harvested from one tree.
• Homestead Yellow. A popular variety among gardeners. Conquers with its unpretentiousness, crop volumes and field he alth. The taste is sweet and sour, the fruits ripen at the same time. Up to 15 kg of berries are obtained from a tree.

Yellow cherry is very tasty. It requires minimal care, and its benefits are no less than those of other varieties.

Short and dwarf

Low varieties of sweet cherries are suitable for growing in the middle lane for the reason that due to bad weather the tree is not able to form both fruits and a crown. Therefore, it throws all its strength into growing green mass, forgetting about the harvest. With dwarf and undersized varieties, this problem will not arise.

Besides, these trees are easier to harvest and take care of. The height of such trees does not exceed 2-3 m. The shape of the crown is cylindrical. The tree itself consists of the main trunk and short skeletal branches.

The disadvantage of such sweet cherries is that they are more demanding on the place of planting and care.

Dwarf trees have a crown of medium density, so the fruits get enough light and oxygen. A summer resident must weigh the pros and cons before making a decision to grow such varieties.

Self-fertile and early-fertile

The variety of cherry varieties allows the summer resident to choose the type that suits the needs of the family. Self-fertile cherries are in demand among those summer residents who do not have the opportunity to grow several varieties. Such cherries do not need additional pollinators. Self-pollinating varieties:

• Homestead Yellow;
• Bereket;
• Goryanka;
• Tyutchevka;
• Danna;
• Dolores;
• Pridonskaya.

There are few varieties capable of self-pollination, but they do exist. The summer resident should carefully study the characteristics of the variety, then decide which one is right for him.

Early varieties are cherries that ripen quickly. Basically, trees give the first harvest in the 5th year of life, but there are also varieties that are able to produce the first harvest already in the 3rd year after planting in a permanent place.

Sweet

Most cherries have a sweet taste, so almost all types fall into this category. Some of them ripen quite late, but the gardener decides which characteristics of the variety are most suitable for him.

Timing and methods of planting a tree

Growing cherries on the site is not difficult, it is necessary to observe the peculiarities and subtleties of planting plants on the site. And then the tree will thank with a high stable yield.

We plant in the spring, some gardeners say, better in the fall - others answer them. The decision is up to the gardener. Given the climatic features of the middle lane, you can plant sweet cherries in spring and autumn. But until a certain time. Planted in spring before buds appear, in autumn until early October.

Ways to plant a tree:

• the longest of the bone;
• layering;
• growth;
• vaccinated.

The method of growing a fruit tree depends on the summer resident and his desires. The easiest method is to spread out the seedlings, the most difficult is to inoculate.

Cherry care

Half of the success depends on how well the gardener takes care of. Standard agrotechnical requirements required:

• fertilizers;
• watering;
• loosening;
• weeding;
• mulching.

Following these techniques will help to achieve positive results.

Feeding and watering

It is necessary to take care of cherries from the first days after planting. The tree needs moisture. Watered every 10 days in dry weather and 2-3 times a month in wet weather.

Feeding is carried out immediately after planting. Organic matter and mineral fertilizers are added to the ground for backfilling. This will be sufficient for the first year. Then, in subsequent years, organic matter is applied once a season and complex mineral fertilizers 2-3 times.

Fruit ripening requires effort on the part of the tree, so it is recommended to feed the plants at this time. Use organic or nitrogen-containing top dressings.

Crown formation

Each variety deals with this differently. Columnar and tall varieties are especially in need of formation. Their growth is recommended to be limited. Therefore, shaping pruning is done every spring and fall.

Diseases and pests and their control

There are varieties that are resistant to fungal diseases. Such trees are not processed. For prevention, it is recommended to spray every spring, this will help the sweet cherry fight pathogens.

Insects that do not mind eating fruits and other parts of the tree are also subject to destruction. Traps with sweet contents are prepared for them, then they are destroyed.

Preparing cherries for wintering

In order for the tree not to die and continue to produce a crop, you need to properly prepare for the winter. Feed with complex fertilizers, then wrap if the variety is not winter-hardy. And the tree will calmly endure the harsh winter of central Russia.

Growing cherries is a simple process. By following the recommendations of experienced summer residents, they get a high yield.

Recommended