Cherry Brunette: description and characteristics of the variety, selection history and cultivation

Brunette cherry variety has many advantages. In order to annually collect a numerous, high-quality harvest, it is necessary to responsibly approach the choice of a seedling and a place for planting. When creating certain conditions and taking into account the rules for caring for a crop, you will not have to face diseases and pests, and the fruits will be juicy and sweet. Care involves establishing a watering regime, fertilizing and pruning.

History of the origin of the variety

Brunetka variety was bred by two scientists-breeders, H.K. Enikeev and S.N. Satarova, by free pollination of the Zhukovskaya cherry variety. The variety was included in the State Register for the Central Region of the Russian Federation in 2001.

Variety description

The description of the variety indicates that the cherry is medium tall, grows up to 2.5 meters. The crown is spreading, formed in the form of a ball, of medium density. The oblong leaves are dark green in color, with small rounded teeth along the edges. During flowering, small white flowers open.

The fruits themselves are small, rounded flattened. The weight of one cherry reaches 4 g. The dense skin has a maroon color. The pulp is juicy, dark red. The oval stone is easily separated from the mature pulp. The berries are firmly attached to the stem, so they do not crumble. Ripening begins at the end of July.

The advantages of the variety include:

• constantly high fruiting;
• cherries tolerate drought well;
• high resistance to low temperatures;
• ripe fruits do not crumble or crack for a long time.

The weak side of the Brunette variety is its poor resistance to fungal diseases.

Boarding rules

The Brunette variety is planted in an open area, free for sunlight and heat. Cherries develop well in fertile, loose soil, which is characterized by high aeration and neutral acidity.

Planting starts at the end of April, when there is no risk of a return of frost, and the weather is warm and dry for long days. Seedlings planted in spring take root better and adapt to the new location.

Dig a hole 60 cm deep, a drainage layer of crushed stone or expanded clay must be laid on the bottom. After that, a layer of soil is covered with the addition of mineral and organic fertilizers. After that, the usual soil is again filled up and watered.

The selected seedlings are planted in the prepared planting pit and covered with earth and watered with warm, settled water.

Features of care

Cherry Brunette is unpretentious and quickly adapts to any conditions. But to increase productivity, you must follow the rules of care.

Cutting and shaping

Cherry shaping includes several items:

• pruning side branches;
• thinning foliage;
• removal of damaged, dry and extra branches;
• rejuvenation of culture.

A lot of side branches grow from the central trunk of the cherry tree, which grow in three tiers. They start pruning after their length reaches 50 cm. Pruning starts from branches that are below 40 cm from the ground.

Irrigation

Since the Brunette cherry continues to develop even without sufficient moisture, watering is carried out only a few times during the entire growing season: during flowering, ovary formation, after leaf fall.

One month before the expected harvest, watering is stopped, even if the weather is dry. Excessive soil moisture leads to cracking of the berries and their decay.

Fertilizers

If fertilizers were applied to the soil during planting, then the supply of nutrients will last for 2-3 years. After two years, fertilization is carried out according to the following scheme:

• fertilizing is necessary after the flowering period;
• re-fertilize after two weeks.

Fertilizers must contain potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. Immediately after feeding, the near-stem zone of the cherry is watered. This contributes to a better distribution of nutrients.

Pests and diseases

Brunette cherries are damaged by the following pests:

• cherry aphid feeds on the juice of the plant, which leads to drying of the crown;
• adults and larvae of the weevil damage the buds, ovaries, flowers, seeds, resulting in reduced yields;
• Sawfly larvae eat the leaves, the plant develops slowly or completely stops growing;
• Moth caterpillars feed on buds, leaves, buds and ovaries.

Most often cherry infection occurs with diseases such as:

• clasterosporiasis develops as a result of excess moisture and heat, brown spots appear on the leaves and fruits, which then turn into holes;
• fungal disease anthracnose at high humidity affects fruit pits, the berries themselves are covered with tubercles with a brown coating;
• Bacterial burn causes damage to branches and bark, they turn black and dry, buds do not bloom.

When a problem is discovered, they immediately begin to fix it. Otherwise, not only will the harvest decrease, but the whole tree will die.

Prevention

To avoid problems, take preventive measures:

• weeds must be destroyed around the tree trunk;
• in autumn it is recommended to loosen the soil in the near-trunk zone;
• regular pruning and thinning of the crown;
• important to set the correct watering schedule.

As a prophylaxis, solutions based on copper sulphate or potassium permanganate are used, which are sprayed on the cherry crown.

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