Tukay grapes: description and characteristics of the variety, advantages and disadvantages, cultivation

There is a wide variety of grape varieties on the market for horticultural crops. Many gardeners are reluctant to experiment and traditionally prefer crops that have been bred for a long time and have proven their excellent qualities when grown for many years. One of these is a grape called Tukay, which has established itself as a winter-hardy, undemanding plant.

Description of Tukay variety

Tukay grape is considered an early ripe table grape variety. It is suitable both for fresh consumption and as a raw material for the preparation of preserves and wine.

Selection and origin

The appearance of the Tukay grape variety is associated with the name of the scientist Potapenko Ya. I. The goal of his many years of work was to obtain a variety that could be grown in Russian regions with a cold climate. The results of crossing Zhemchug Saba and Yakdon were unique, and a new variety was bred with excellent winter hardiness.

Bush morphology

When choosing a grape variety, gardeners first of all pay attention to the characteristics of plant growth and the distinctive qualities of fruiting.

Bushes

Leaves are light green, five-lobed, slightly dissected.

Blusters

Cylinder-shaped clusters are not very dense. Depending on the region of cultivation, their weight may vary. On average, the weight of one bunch reaches 800 g.

Berries

The weight of the berries varies from 3 to 5 g. The juicy pulp has a pleasant nutmeg flavor. The sugar content in fruits is 17-19%, acids - 7 g / l. The dense skin allows the berries to endure difficult transport conditions.

Positive and negative properties of the variety

Many gardeners talk about the unpretentiousness of cultivation, and even novice gardeners achieve good yields. An undoubted advantage is the winter hardiness of the plant. Clusters can stay on the vine for a long time without losing their appearance and taste. Tukay grape benefits include:

• stability of high yields;
• unpretentiousness;
• flower formation of both sexes;
• ability to endure difficult conditions of transportation;
• versatility of use.

The unpretentiousness of the plant to the soil expands the possibilities for the formation of plantings. The disadvantage is the lack of resistance to mildew and oidium. When the temperature rises to +35 ^{C, the plant growth slows down and the yield of the crop decreases.}

What characterizes grapes

The strong qualities of the variety are high yields and their stability. The plant makes it possible to obtain tasty fruits in a short time, which can be stored for a long time.

Yields

16-20 kg are removed from one bush. The first harvest is taken in the 2nd-3rd year.

Ripening dates

Tukay's harvest time is one of the shortest. Berries can be removed after 90-100 days from the start of flowering. In cold regions, the quality of winter hardiness of the plant contributes to full ripening. The arrival of the first frost for the plant is not a critical factor.

Diseases

The variety is resistant to gray rot. The weak point of the plant is susceptibility to mildew and oidium.

Mildew

Mildew is one of the most common grape diseases. When infected, an ash-colored coating appears on the lower part of the leaf plates. Further, it acquires a brown color, the leaves begin to dry and fall off. For prevention, the following activities are carried out:

• cover the trunk area with mulch;
• make nitrogen fertilizers without abusing fertilizing;
• thin out and prune bushes;
• periodically carry out spraying of ash under the bushes.

If diseased shoots are found, they should be removed and eliminated.

Oidium

When infected, an ash-colored coating forms on the leaves. An unpleasant smell begins to emanate from the plant, reminiscent of rotting rotten fish. Inflorescences begin to dry out, and the berries suffer from cracking. To combat the disease, spraying with a solution of vitriol at a concentration of 3% is carried out.

Other

Resistant to most types of grape diseases, with the exception of mildew and oidium. It can be affected by gray mold with excessive moisture, high humidity or excessive thickening of plantings.

Timely pruning will help prevent diseases, protecting berries from wasps, ants, aphids and birds.

Frost resistance

The selection characteristics of grapes indicate the ability of the variety to withstand temperatures as low as -25 ^C.

Where to grow

Excellent qualities of winter hardiness make it possible to grow Tukai not only in the south of Russia. The unpretentiousness of the plant and the ability to survive at low temperatures make it possible to form vine plantations in the central part of the country and in the northwest. Good results are obtained in Siberia, the Urals and the Altai Territory.

Description of bunches and berries

Berries form into cylindrical clusters. They have an average density and, depending on the region of cultivation, can reach different weights.

Disembarkation

The quality and quantity of the future harvest directly depends on the right seedling and compliance with the rules of care.

How to choose seedlings

Vine seedlings should be purchased at specialized places or proven points of sale. When buying, you should pay attention to the integrity of the stem part and the absence of defects on it.Root processes should be flexible, elastic, not damaged. Their color should be light, darkening indicates putrefactive processes.

When can I plant?

Pick-up times vary by region. In the middle lane, work begins at the end of May, when the threat of frost has passed, and the ground will be warm enough. Planting is acceptable in the autumn, in this case, plantings are formed in September so that the plant has time to take root before the cold snap.

Selecting a plot of land

Tukay grapes are unpretentious in cultivation, but demanding on lighting. You should not choose an excessively wet, swampy or saline area for planting. Limestone, loam, sandstone will be the ideal territory. The place should be sunny and protected from the wind. When landing near the building, it is required to indent from the foundation at least 1.5 m.

Soil preparation

The territory for planting grapes is prepared in advance. To do this, deep plowing is done, weeds are removed. Digging a hole begins 2 weeks before planting. For backfilling, you will need to prepare nutrient soil. To do this, humus, black soil and sand are mixed in equal parts. To increase the nutritional value of the soil, ash, potassium s alt and superphosphate are added.

Dig a hole

There are generally accepted standards for forming a hole for planting grapes. It is necessary to provide a depth of 85-90 cm, a width of 70-80 cm. A layer of black soil and clay is formed at the bottom, on which drainage is placed.

How to land

24 hours before planting, the root system of grapes is soaked in a growth stimulator. When planting, it is important to make sure that 2 eyes are just above the level of the edge of the dug hole.Root processes are evenly spread and carefully covered with nutrient soil. Immediately after planting, the seedling is watered abundantly and provided with support, after which it is cut into 3 leaves.

Growing and care

Tukay grapes are undemanding in care. It needs timely watering and top dressing. It is necessary to carry out preventive spraying and timely pruning.

Pruning and grafting vines

Tukay belongs to grape varieties that are characterized by abundant growth, so the plant needs pruning. When the bushes are overloaded, the berries will be crushed and the taste will deteriorate. Bottom foliage should be removed completely, which will help eliminate sunburn of the upper part of the vines. Pruning is carried out in the spring, after which no more than 45 eyes should remain on the tree. With excessive growth of a grape plant during the growing season, side shoots are removed.

In areas with a cold climate, it is recommended to vaccinate for winter-hardy rootstocks. These include varieties Severny, Alpha, Batur.

Irrigation and fertilization

The plant needs watering and irrigation if there is insufficient natural rainfall. Waterlogging adversely affects the he alth of grape bushes, as this causes rotting of the roots. When watering for one plant, 20 liters of water is enough. In spring, water-charging watering is carried out to stimulate better plant growth, in autumn the volumes are reduced to prevent bud release.

Prevention and protection against diseases and pests

In order to prevent diseases of the grapes, preventive spraying is carried out with Bordeaux liquid and a solution of copper sulphate. If necessary, use targeted drugs, guided by the manufacturer's recommendations.

Feeding with mineral complexes will help increase the resistance of the plant. The first is done a month before the start of the flowering period. In the spring, manure or rotted compost is introduced into the soil. Before the grapes bloom, the soil is enriched with nitrogen fertilizers, which contributes to a better formation of green mass. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers applied at the time of ovary formation will help improve the formation of clusters and the taste of fruits.

Ways to propagate

Grapes are propagated by cuttings or form rootstocks with other grape varieties. Correctly cut parts will quickly take root, so breeding difficulties, as a rule, do not arise. It is important to choose a strong he althy shoot without signs of damage. The upper parts of the plant are not suitable for cuttings.

Preparing for winter

Tukay grapes require shelter in regions with cold frosty winters. Work begins after the plant has completely shed its leaves and the temperature drops to +5 C. To prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases, the vines are sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate. Next, the shoots are cut and bent to the ground, laying in pre-dug trenches.

Insulation is formed on top, using dry grass, earth, spruce branches, branches or protective material for this purpose.

Harvest and winemaking

Due to early ripening, the first bunches of grapes in warm regions are harvested at the end of July. Berries are characterized by the ability to long-term storage at temperatures from +1 C to +8 ^{C. According to the tasting qualities of the grapes, a score of 9 points was assigned. The variety belongs to table dessert varieties, but is often used for making wine.}

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