Actinidia: planting and care in the suburbs in the open field, the best varieties with photos

Liana has a decorative appearance, he althy and tasty fruits. Able to decorate any area. Planting and caring for actinidia in the Moscow region does not cause difficulties, but despite this, the plant is very rare in summer cottages and private plots. With a competent approach, it gives a good and regular harvest, which is suitable for making jams, marmalade, preserves, marshmallows.

Is it possible to grow kiwi in the suburbs

The plant grows well in the suburbs. If properly planted and provided with the necessary care, the culture will steadily bear fruit. There are several varieties of varieties suitable for cultivation. They do not require shelter for the winter.

Suitable varieties for growing and their features

Kiwi lovers need to plant winter-hardy actinidia on their plot, as the fruit grows on Chinese actinidia, which is not intended for our latitudes.

But there are better types of plants suitable for cold climates that will delight with similar fruits.

Kolomikta

Features:

• withstands cold down to -45°C;
• sensitive to spring frosts;
• plant height maximum 5 meters;
• trunk 10 centimeters thick;
• plant shoots brownish red;
• flowers are small, have a spicy aroma, reminiscent of a mixture of lily of the valley and lemon;
• the plant blooms in the last decade of May;
• on reaching technical maturity, the fruits fall off.

Acute or arguta

Features:

• reaches a height of 15 meters;
• withstands -40°C frost;
• diameter of plant leaves 3 cm, no smell;
• maximum yield 15 kilograms;
• when reaching technical maturity, the fruits do not crumble.

Polygamous

Features:

• height 5 meters;
• shoots are light brown;
• plant withstands -35°C;
• recovers well after freezing;
• fruits resemble a mixture of sweet peppers and figs;
• leaves 15 centimeters long.

Giralda

Features:

• stems long - 10 meters;
• plant blooms in early June;
• fruit ripening in September;
• harvest - 5 kilograms;
• withstands -25 °С;

In severe winters requires shelter.

How to choose quality seeds and cuttings

Seed preparation:

1. Seeds are harvested in late autumn. Placed in water and kept for 5 days. Water is renewed daily.
2. Then wrapped in wet cloth and buried in sand. In a humid environment, they can withstand two months. Temperature +20 °С.
3. Weekly take out, air the seeds and moisten the fabric.
4. A box with sand and buried seeds is buried for 2 months in the snow. After that, they are transferred to the room, the temperature is kept at +12 ° С.
5. Before germination will have to wait another month. After that, they are transplanted into the soil and grown in the room.
6. When the second pair of leaves appears, you can plant in a permanent place.

The cuttings should not be damaged, should not be dry.

Preparing the site and soil for planting

In the country, you will need a place with plenty of lighting. In dark places, the vine is also able to grow, but will perform a predominantly decorative function. With the deprivation of a sufficient amount of light, the fruits practically do not grow.

The soil is chosen slightly acidic, neutral is allowed. It should be constantly moistened, but without standing water.

Terms and rules of boarding

Planted outdoors in spring. Two-year-old seedlings are best suited. With such planting material, fruits may appear next year.

How to plant:

1. Dig a hole. Depth 70 centimeters. Diameter - 50 centimeters.
2. Keep a distance between plants. The ideal distance is 1.5 meters.
3. Planting seedlings of different sexes. It is preferable to plant one male for three females.
4. Drainage is poured into the pit.
5. The seedling is kept in liquid for 1.5 hours. Placed in the hole. Fall asleep with soil with fertilizers. Packed.
6. Mulching around.
7. A trellis is installed nearby for support.

Cats love to eat plant juice. To do this, they dig up the root system and injure the stems. Therefore, it is necessary to build a fence in the form of a metal mesh.

Seasonal care in the Moscow region

All varieties are treated equally. The main thing is to follow all the recommendations.

Irrigation

Does not tolerate dryness and drying out of the soil. Under such conditions, sheds foliage. Because of this, young shoots may die in winter.

It is necessary to constantly keep the earth moist, but without stagnant liquid. On especially hot days, arrange sprinkling.

Feeding

Fertilize three times per season:

1. After the snow melted. Phosphorus fertilizer - 20 grams, nitrogen - 35 grams, potash - 20 grams.
2. When the ovaries are formed. Phosphorus fertilizer - 10 grams, nitrogen - 15 grams, potash - 10 grams.
3. At the end of autumn. Phosphorus fertilizer - 20 g, potash - 20 grams.

Spread top dressing dry, slightly dug into the soil. Water immediately.

Cutting rules

Form a crown from the third year. The procedure is carried out only in the summer. In other periods, the culture will die due to the loss of juice. Young shoots are recommended to be cut in half.

Anti-aging pruning is carried out from the age of 10.

Wintering seedlings and kiwi tree

An adult plant does not need to be covered. Stop mulching the circle around the trunk.

Young seedlings are recommended to be removed from the support and covered with spruce branches. Before covering, spray with Bordeaux mixture.

Propagation of creepers

It is not recommended to propagate by seeds. Such a plant will not bring the desired results.

Suitable breeding:

1. Layers. When the juice finishes in the shoots, choose one. Pressed to the ground and sprinkled with earth. The top should stay on top. Mulch all around. Rooting occurs in autumn. Don't prune until spring.
2. Shanks. Cut from strong shoots. Length 15 centimeters. The bottom cut should be oblique (45°). The top one is straight. At a height of 4 centimeters above the kidney. Planted obliquely into the soil. Angle 60°. Cover with non-woven material. Sprayed 7 times a day. Sprinkle with leaves for the winter.

The period of flowering and fruiting

The first fruits appear in the 3rd year. Stable harvest from the 7th year. Blooms at the end of May. Technical maturity comes unevenly. Starts in August and ends in October.

How to stimulate fruit set

To have fruits, cut off excess shoots. A two-sex crop is being planted nearby.

Growing problems

As with any fruit crop, gardeners face some problems that are easy to solve.

Diseases and pests

From pests, they are treated with insecticides. It is affected by leaf beetle, bark beetle.

Amazing:

• foliage spotting;
• fungal diseases.

For prevention, they are treated with fungicides.

Does not grow or bear fruit

The reason for the lack of fruits is the male sex of the culture:

1. The plant is dioecious. They are divided into female with pistillate flowers and male with staminate flowers. Sex does not change throughout life.
2. After flowering, males fall off. The female flowers produce fruit, but only when pollinated by insects and air currents.
3. Diverse vines are planted nearby. For 2 men - 5 women.

Reason for no growth:

1. Saplings planted in autumn will not be able to take root well. As a result, in the spring they will begin to wither and die completely. It is necessary to plant only in the spring.
2. In a very dark place, the plant will not want to fully develop and will lag behind in growth, so it is necessary to transplant to a well-lit area.
3. An apple tree planted nearby inhibits crop growth.
4. Stagnation of water can cause rotting of the root system, which will significantly affect the condition of the vine and can lead to death.
5. The reason may be cats who love to feast on the plant. With constant digging of roots, the vine slows down growth and may die as a result.
6. Poorly insulated young trees for the winter can freeze slightly. This will be bad for their condition. For some time, the vine will lag behind in growth. If the root system is not completely frozen, after a while growth will resume on its own.
7. In a very hot summer, if not properly watered, the plant can slow down growth. If the situation is not urgently corrected, the vine will shed all the foliage. The soil must be constantly moist. To reduce the amount of watering, the ground around the plants is mulched.

To improve growth, it is recommended to plant hazel and currant. Plants nourish the vine, thereby improving its performance.

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