Hazel in the Urals: growing and choosing a variety, planting and care rules with photo

When growing hazel in the Urals, there are no problems with fruiting. There are varieties suitable for harsh climates. Knowing the peculiarities of the development of culture and weather, they do not allow freezing of flower buds. Beekeepers plant honey plant near apiaries to get an early bribe.

General information about the plant

Hazelnut is a shrub, rarely a tree, with a compact ovoid crown. Shoots are covered with gray, gray-brown bark (6-15 trunks). The leaves are sinewy, rounded-pointed, 6-12 cm in size. The lower part of the plates has pubescence. Root type fibrous, superficial.

Hazel is a dioecious plant. It forms male and female inflorescences. The former look like a long earring (10 cm), the latter look like a kidney, located at the ends of annual shoots. Flowers open early. Already in April, the earrings begin to gather dust.

Pollination occurs under favorable weather conditions. Nuts are spherical or oval in shape, brown or dark chocolate in color. In the conditions of the Urals, the hazel bush grows and bears fruit for about 70 years. It reaches a height of 3-4 m.

For better pollination in the garden, it is recommended to plant several varieties (4-6). Hazel varieties are considered good pollinators, in which male earrings bloom for a long time. A seedling grown from a seed begins to bear fruit in the 6-8th year, those obtained by vegetative propagation give the first harvest in the 3-4th year.

Suitable varieties for the Urals

Hazel belongs to cold-resistant crops, but southern varieties will not bear fruit in the Urals. Due to the short summer, only early maturing, hardy varieties are grown there:

• Tambov early;
• Smolin;
• Moscow ruby;
• Catherine;
• Tambov late;
• Sugar;
• Memory of Yablokov;
• Pushkinsky;
• Ivanteevsky red.

Features of growing hazel in this region

It is difficult to achieve annual fruiting of common hazel in the Urals. It depends on weather conditions. Flower buds are threatened by a return frost. Male inflorescences freeze slightly in winters with little snow.

Select site

A hazel planted in a draft will not bear fruit. The landing site is chosen taking into account the wind rose. The seedling must be protected from the north and northwest winds. In the shade of trees, buildings, it grows poorly and does not bear fruit, it tolerates light partial shade.

Hazel doesn't like waterlogged and dry soil. It grows poorly if the groundwater is high. Varietal varieties develop better on humus-calcareous soils. In the conditions of the Urals, hazel is recommended to be grown on the eastern, northeastern slopes.

Pick up time

In the Urals, hazel seedlings are planted in the spring before the buds open. In autumn, the site is prepared for planting. Digging landing holes. As soon as the ground thaws, seedlings are planted. The soil after snowmelt contains a lot of moisture, this promotes rooting.

Disembarkation scheme

The crown of a shrub is compact, but in an adult plant it occupies a large area. This is taken into account when boarding. Landing pits are dug according to the schemes:

• 6 x 6 m;
• 6 x 5m;
• 6 x 4m;
• 5 x 4 m.

With a denser planting, the feeding area and the level of illumination are insufficient for the normal development and fruiting of the hazel.

Soil preparation

When choosing a planting site in the garden, the culture of the predecessor does not play a role. Terraces are formed on slopes with an inclination angle of more than 10°. They dig holes measuring 1 x 1.5 m. On flat areas - 0.5 x 0.5 m.

Lime is added to acidic soil in autumn (500 g/m²). For better aeration, humus and sand are added. It is recommended to introduce soil taken from under wild-growing hazel bushes into the planting pits. It is inhabited by a fungus-symbiont. It protects the bush from diseases, promotes the rapid absorption of nutrients.

Boarding process

Seedlings in containers take root without problems. They cost more. When buying a hazel with an open root system, its quality is checked. Pay attention to the condition of the roots. They should be fresh, without damage, fibrous. Seedlings with a height of 1-1.5 m are suitable for planting.

Before planting, hazel is placed in water for 2-3 hours. A fertile substrate is being prepared to fill the pit:

• garden soil taken from the top layer;
• superphosphate - 150 g;
• humus (compost) - 2-3 buckets;
• potassium s alt - 50g

The mixture is poured into the center of the landing pit in the form of a slide. A hazel seedling is placed on it, the roots are covered with earth. The root neck is not deepened. Shoots are shortened by 5-6 buds. 3-4 buckets of water are poured into the hole. The soil is mulched with humus.

Care Tips

Hazel is easy to grow, standard care. In the conditions of the Urals, difficulties arise due to the weather. Male catkins often freeze in winter, this affects pollination and yield. Gardeners have learned to resist the elements, bend down the hazel for the winter.

Irrigation Rules

The regularity of watering affects the quality of nuts. With a lack of moisture, the yield decreases by 1.5-2 times. Not all nuts develop kernels. During the summer, watering is carried out according to the weather. 4-5 buckets are poured onto the bush. Mandatory Watering Scheme:

• after flowering (late April);
• May - 1 time;
• June - 1 time;
• July - 2 times;
• moisture charging (late autumn).

Fertilization

Fertilizers applied at planting have a prolonged effect. Mineral nutrition is enough for the first 2 years. Starting from the 3rd year, the hazel is fed:

• in spring, nitroammophoska is applied according to the norm;
• after the appearance of the ovaries, they are fed with urea;
• in autumn, humus mixed with ash is poured under the bush.

From May to July, the bushes are sprayed with a solution of urea. Observe a 2-week interval between treatments.

Cutting

Up to 5 years are annually engaged in sanitary and formative pruning. Starting from the age of 20, the bushes rejuvenate. In early spring, frozen and damaged branches are cut out. To form the correct crown, consisting of 8-10 strong trunks, weak and extra shoots are cut out annually. Bushes with a dense crown do not bear fruit.

Shelter for the winter

In the Urals, hazel is grown in slatted and semi-slatted form. In winter, branches are bent to the ground, tied to them with a load or attached to supports. Young bushes are tied with covering material.

Water-charging irrigation is carried out before the onset of frost. Feed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. The soil around the bushes is mulched with humus. In winter, they throw snow on the bushes. Earrings do not freeze under the snow.

Diseases and pests

In unfavorable years, hazel suffers from fungal diseases. Bushes are affected by brown spotting, powdery mildew. Provoke outbreaks of prolonged rains, sharp fluctuations in daily temperatures, thickened crown. For prevention purposes, in spring and autumn, hazel is sprayed with a solution of colloidal sulfur, copper sulphate. Drugs effective:

• "Quick";
• "Thiovit Jet";
• Raek.

In winter, bushes covered with snow suffer from mice. Pests gnaw trunks and shoots. Gardeners lay poisoned bait under each bush. In spring and summer, sucking insects parasitize the leaves:

• aphid colonies;
• gallitsa;
• shields;
• nut weevil and barbel.

Shrubs are treated with Kemifos, Fufanon before the leaves appear. Insecticides are used in the summer:

• Inta-Vir;
• Aktellik;
• Spark.

Methods of reproduction

Hazel can be propagated by dividing the bush, layering, root offspring, grafting or seeds. With vegetative methods, all varietal characteristics are preserved. Seed propagation does not guarantee this. Delenki are obtained from an adult bush. It is dug up, branches are cut to a height of 20 cm, divided into parts. For each division, a part of the root and a stump are left.

When propagated by layering, young shoots growing in the middle part of the crown are selected. In the spring they are bent to the ground, pinned, sprinkled with earth. In autumn, roots form in the hairpin area. The baby is separated from the mother plant for the next spring, transplanted to a permanent place, covered in the winter.

Root growth is formed in hazel bushes after 2-3 years of life. For reproduction use offspring 2 or 3-year-old. They are separated from the root, transplanted into a school, where they are grown to transplant to a permanent place. When propagated by grafting, hazel is used as a stock.

Growing hazel in the Urals is easy. It is difficult to make it bear fruit every year. Even experienced gardeners do not always succeed. It is necessary to carry out a set of measures to protect flowering buds from freezing, if necessary, carry out artificial pollination.

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