Wisteria: care and cultivation in the open field, how to propagate and plant

Wisterias are flowers that are used in landscape gardening compositions. They look spectacular because of the structural features and can decorate any area. Growing wisteria is associated with compliance with the rules for care. In order for wisterias to please with their flowering, it is necessary to choose the right places for their placement, as well as control their growth.

General information about wisteria

Wisteria belongs to the legume family. They are profusely flowering vine-type climbers.

1. Wisteria bush can grow up to 18-20 meters. It forms a system of pinnate leaves, they are wedge-shaped and stretch up to 30 centimeters in length.
2. Flowers collected in a brush. Under the weight of small flowers, the inflorescences are pulled down, which reminds many of the jets of a rapid waterfall.

Wisteria flowers can be of different shades: pink-white and purple varieties are bred by breeding. Purple or light lilac petals are considered common.

Wild wisteria are found in forest areas of Chinese provinces. Cultivated hybrid types are grown in the south of Russia, in Europe with a temperate warm climate. In the United States, wisteria began to be grown as houseplants. At the same time, the tree is formed in the common bonsai style, leaving the woody trunk bare.

Varieties and varieties

Wisteria became widespread after varieties adapted to different conditions were artificially bred from wild species.

Among the 9 officially existing species, only 3 are especially popular.

1. Chinese wisteria. Liana of this variety reaches 25 meters, the shoots twist inward. A small white edge appears on the leaves at the stage of ovary formation, then it disappears. The leaves grow up to 20-30 centimeters, they are narrow, unpaired. Inflorescences are formed on the tops or apical depressions. The color scheme varies from white to lilac. The flowers are small, can grow up to 2.5 centimeters. The growing season takes about 150 days. The species blooms from May to August.
2. Profuse flowering or Japanese wisteria. This variety begins to bloom in March, inflorescences can stretch up to 80 centimeters. The shades of the petals of some hybrids can be red and yellow. This species is considered especially spectacular, it is Japanese wisteria that is customarily used to decorate arches in parks and gardens.
3. Shrub or American Wisteria. More compact variety. Inflorescences grow up to 15 centimeters. It looks like an acacia, sometimes they are confused. Among the varieties of the shrub variety, the Macrostahia Blue Moon variety (Blue Moon) is especially popular.The variety was bred in America. A married couple living in the northern state worked for several years to create a frost-resistant variety. They managed to create a hybrid that can withstand frosts down to -20 degrees.
4. Indoor or home wisteria. These are small trees that form in the bonsai style. At home, flowers feel comfortable when planted in a large pot.

Specific flower cultivation

Wisteria, due to the characteristics of growth and structure, have special requirements for maintenance and care. Growing in the Middle lane is possible only if additional conditions are created. In addition, wisteria must be properly cared for.

Soil Requirements

Characteristic of the soil that is suitable for growing wisteria consists of 3 points. The earth should be light, loose and nutritious. To achieve these indicators, you need to check the acidity of the soil.For planting, slightly acidic soils are suitable, in which the lime content is minimized. Clay soils with the maximum set of nutrients are the best option for plants.

Choose location

Wisterias are thermophilic flowers. The homeland of wild species is the humid tropics, therefore, for the full growth and development of other hybrid varieties, warm areas are needed.

To choose a landing site, you need to focus on the following rules:

• the site is chosen from the south side;
• ideal places are protected from through winds;
• sunshine should reach plants for at least 10 hours;
• it is necessary to take into account the tendency of the species to grow;
• vines need special supports, trellises installed in advance are a good option.

How and when to plant

The period when flowers are planted in open ground should exclude the possibility of return frosts. Despite the fact that hybrid varieties are frost-resistant, after transplanting they can freeze during the adaptation stage. Seedlings are planted in deep holes with dimensions of 50 by 50 centimeters. Prepared drainage is placed at the bottom of the hole. In addition, mineral fertilizers are applied during planting.

Information! After planting, wisteria can reduce the growth rate. This means that the root system of the flower is adapting to new growth conditions.

Further crop care

After planting comes a crucial period that determines the future of the flower. Care is associated with specific features.

Fertilizer and top dressing of wisteria

Like any abundantly flowering plant, wisteria spends energy on the formation of inflorescences and long flowering. Therefore, feeding is an important part of care. They are carried out in accordance with some rules:

1. At the stage of active formation of green mass, plants need to be supplemented with mineral and organic supplements. They are brought in 1 time in 7 days, alternating with each other.
2. 1-2 times during flowering plants are watered with chalk water.
3. The term for the first feeding is March.

Irrigation

Irrigation should be regular throughout the spring and summer. Watering is carried out as the soil dries. The earth should be constantly moistened, and excessive dampness should be avoided. Stagnation of moisture leads to rotting of the roots, which is manifested by falling off the color and changing the shades of the leaf plates.

Humidity

It is difficult to control humidity in the garden, so flower growers resort to some tricks. Wisterias do not like dry air. During a dry summer, artificial sprinklers are turned on next to the vines.At the same time, they make sure that moisture is sprayed not on the vines, but next to them.

Temperature conditions

Wisteria requires an average air temperature of at least +20 degrees to bloom.

The frost-resistant variety can survive hard frosts, but in low temperatures it simply will not bloom.

Cutting

This is an important step in growing a plant. The continued existence of the variety depends on the correct pruning.

The first pruning takes place in early spring. To be deleted:

• dead branches;
• old shoots;
• overgrown branches that interfere with the formation.

When flowering, faded brushes are immediately removed so that they do not interfere with the further process.

How to cover for the winter

In Siberia, the Leningrad region and the Moscow region, wisteria need additional shelter for the winter. Preparation begins in late autumn. Creepers are removed from supports, cut off non-viable parts. Creepers are carefully laid on the ground in the direction of growth. Then they are covered with a layer of coniferous branches, sawdust or agrofibre. A thin layer of prepared soil is poured over the shelter. Thus, the plant will be protected from frost. An additional layer will be the snow cover.

Treatment from diseases and pests

Species deficiency of wisteria lies in the instability to diseases and pests. This is especially dangerous, because flower growers recommend preparing vines in advance.

After planting in the spring, the plants are sprayed with special chemicals.

1. Carry out a phased treatment of aphids and mites.
2. The soil is supplemented with mineral complexes that can stop the development of fungal infections.

Features of cultivation in the regions

In the south of the country, wisteria grows without additional conditions. In the north, creepers are sheltered for the winter. In addition, in the territory of Siberia or the Urals, creepers are fed with organic fertilizers 2 times more than in other regions of the country. They grow those varieties that have increased winter hardiness.

Methods of reproduction

Different methods are used to breed varieties. Choose the one that is best suited, depending on the climatic conditions.

Layers

Features of the structure allow you to breed wisteria layering. This method is suitable for creeping, climbing varieties. Liana is dug into the ground, evenly distributing it along a previously prepared groove. Layers are left for rooting. The following season, they are separated from the mother tree and transplanted to a new location.The method preserves the varietal characteristics of wisteria.

Lignified cuttings

One way to propagate wisteria involves cutting young cuttings and rooting in water or soil. For cuttings, a shoot with a length of at least 15 centimeters is chosen, then powdered with a biostimulator for root growth and rooted by water or soil. Rooting, as a rule, is carried out before winter, in order to plant prepared seedlings in the spring.

Winter Root Inoculation

In addition, wisteria can be propagated by grafting. The goal is to develop a new variety. To do this, use varietal and non-varietal types. Roots that have reached 6 millimeters are dug up in the fall.

Then root them separately for several months. Rooted cuttings of a non-varietal type are combined with the same cuttings of the selected variety. They are tied to each other with adhesive tape, treated with fungicides and released into a container with soil for further joint rooting.

In the spring, the seedling will be ready for planting in a permanent place of growth, subject to the appearance of more than 10 new leaves. If there are fewer leaves in the axils, then the shoot is removed for growing. Heated greenhouses are suitable for this.

From seeds

Wisteria seeds are purchased in specialized stores. They are sown in autumn in containers with low sides. Seeds are buried by 2 centimeters, then sprinkled with the remaining soil. Before germination, the topsoil is sprayed with a spray gun. For growth, it is necessary to maintain a temperature regime from +23 to +25 degrees.

Wisteria seedlings are grown in the classical way, before planting in open ground, special preparations begin. The containers are taken out to fresh air to harden the sprouts and reduce the effects of planting stress.

Landscape design

Wisterias are suitable for landscape decoration:

• when decorating arched compositions;
• for decorating gazebos, balconies;
• as part of a hedge.

A prerequisite for the growth of wisteria is the use of additional supports, which allow the vines not only to grow up, but also to expand in width.

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