Cherry Michurinskaya: variety description and characteristics, planting and care with photo

Cherry, known as Michurinskaya, is sweet and large. Berries ripen at the beginning or in the middle of summer. Juicy, but dense fruits do not deteriorate for a long time, are perfectly stored, have a beautiful appearance, and are mainly grown for sale. However, many summer residents fell in love with this variety for its endurance and undemanding care.

How the variety was bred

A new cherry variety, called Michurinskaya, was bred in 1994 by breeder T.V. Morozova. At the Michurin Institute, experiments were carried out with the seeds of the Leningrad yellow cherry. As a result of selection, the variety Michurinsky appeared.

The new sweet cherry variety is represented by 2 subspecies:

• late - berries ripen in the second half of July;
• early - berries ripen in late June and early July.

Varieties of Michurinskaya sweet cherry (late and early) have the following common features:

• trees begin to bear fruit at the age of five;
• berries - round, large, dark red, heart-shaped;
• tree height - 3-4 meters;
• crown - medium density, round-oval, raised.

General Description

Michurinskaya sweet cherry has a cone-shaped crown directed upwards. The root system is branched. The roots are located mainly horizontally. The tap root is formed in the first years of life, over time it deepens into the lower layers of the soil by one and a half meters. The bark of young trees is smooth, brown-red, covered with stripes or lenticels.Later, it begins to peel off in separate films.

Dignity

Positive characteristics of Michurinskaya sweet cherry:

• abundant and annual fruiting;
• ripe fruits do not crumble;
• varieties can be harvested in early and mid-summer;
• large-sized, sweet and juicy berries;
• compact trees;
• berries after picking retain their shape well, do not deteriorate, can be transported over long distances;
• cherries can be grown in different regions;
• crop adapted to temperate continental climate.

Flaws

Cons of Michurinskaya sweet cherry:

• trees can freeze in freezing winters;
• requires planting near pollinating trees for pollination.

Kidney

Leaves, flowers and twigs develop in spring from buds set in the previous growing season. Leaf buds are sharp, elongated, tightly attached to the branch. Flower buds are round, egg-like, with a slightly pointed top. Slightly protruding from the branch.

Leaf and flower

Leaves - simple, dark green, smooth, shiny, petiolate, medium size. The shape resembles an elongated ellipse with a serrated edge. Petioles are short. At the base of the petioles are 2 glands. Flowers - bisexual, large, white, rose-shaped, collected in umbrellas. The shape of the petals is round. The stigma of the pistil is located above the stamens. Bloom before leaf buds.

Fruit

Berries - round, with a shiny skin, drupes on long petioles. In the process of ripening, the fruits become dark red. The berries are wide heart-shaped. There is a small indentation at the base of the fruit. There is an inconspicuous abdominal seam on the berry.

Mass

The weight of one early grade berry is 5.5-6.5 grams. The mass of a late-ripening berry reaches 6.5-7.6 grams. In drought, the berries become small. With abundant watering at the time of flowering and fruiting, the fruits grow large and juicy.

Height

All berries are about the same height. The length of one is 2.3-2.5 centimeters.

Width

The width of a cherry berry reaches no more than 1.8 centimeters. Larger specimens reach 21 mm.

Thickness

The diameter of one sweet cherry is 20-25 millimeters. Thickness - 15 millimeters. The berries are heart-shaped, wide at the base, tapering towards the tip.

Color

The color of the berries is dark red, with a small (almost imperceptible) number of subcutaneous dots. The flesh is bright red, juicy.

Peduncle

Peduncle - short in length, medium thickness. Quickly and well off the branch.

Bone

Medium size, oval, smooth. Excellent separation from the pulp.

General characteristics

Berries are red, tender, juicy, medium density. The aroma of Michurinskaya cherries is weaker than that of cherries.

Taste

The taste of Michurinskaya sweet cherry is sweet, with a slight sourness. Tasting score - 4.95 points out of 5.

Nutritional content

Cherry is rich in vitamins (C, A, B1, B2, E, PP) and minerals (potassium, iron, iodine, magnesium). It differs from cherries in its high sugar content (almost 13 grams per 100 grams of fruit). Berries perfectly satisfy hunger, are useful for hypertension, atherosclerosis. Due to the high content of iron and vitamins, it is used to treat anemia.It is an excellent diuretic.

Tree height and growth rate

Cherry grows fast at a young age. The tree can live 30-40 years, but only gives an excellent harvest for the first 15-20 years.

The period of flowering and ripening

Cherry blossoms late. The flowering period falls on May 10-15. The berries ripen at the end of June or in the second decade of July.

Yields

Michurinskaya cherry has a high yield. Begins to bear fruit after 4-6 years from planting. From one adult tree, you can collect 55-60 kilograms of cherries. 80-140 centners of berries are harvested from 1 hectare.

Transportability

Retains shape for a long time. It is well transported to the desired distance. Doesn't spoil for a long time. The variety is recommended for industrial cultivation.

Drought Tolerant

Michurinskaya sweet cherry tolerates drought very well. Young seedlings need regular watering. It is desirable to grow in warm southern regions.

Frost resistance

This variety tolerates frosty winters well. However, during severe frosts, the tree may die. It is advisable to grow in regions with mild winters or warm (shelter) before wintering.

Disease resistance

Cherry is highly resistant to coccomycosis. However, in rainy and cool weather, there is a possibility of spreading this disease. Most often, sweet cherries suffer from moniliosis and clasterosporiasis.

Using fruits

Berries are eaten fresh, used to make compotes or juices, in preservation. Sweet jams and preserves are obtained from the fruits. Berries can be frozen, used for the production of candied fruits, glazed or alcoholized fruits, dry jam. Cherry is used in the manufacture of sweets, as a decorative element in the design of desserts.

Basic soil requirements

Cherry is a heat-loving crop. Prefers well-lit and wind-protected areas. It grows well on fertilized, with neutral acidity, light sandy or loamy soils. The groundwater level is 1.5 meters. The distance to the neighboring tree is 3 meters. Dislikes swampy, acidic, too clay soil.

Fit features

Michurin cherry can be planted in your garden. First you need to purchase young seedlings. Trees are planted in early spring - before the buds awaken or in late autumn - after leaf fall.

Seedling selection

Young seedlings are desirable to buy in the nursery. Trees purchased at spontaneous markets do not always correspond to the declared variety. Before you buy a tree, you need to carefully examine it. It is not recommended to buy seedlings with cracks in the bark, wounds, mold. It is best to take root in a new place annual or biennial plants, 80-100 centimeters high.

Root system

Young seedlings should have a well-developed, moist, lush, he althy root system. The rhizome should not have dry shoots, growths, rot, fungi. The plant should have many roots of different lengths. Before planting, the roots are dipped in water or in a nutrient solution (Kornevin, Heteroauxin) for 12 hours.

Barrel

A young tree should have a straight trunk, several side shoots extending from the main one at an acute angle. The bark should be brown and smooth.

Age

The preferred age for planting is 1-2 years. During this period, plants take root better, get sick less. However, older trees can also be planted.

Vaccinated

It is advisable to buy grafted seedlings. It is done at a distance of 5-8 centimeters from the root. Grafted trees take root better, get sick less often.

Select pickup time

Young seedlings are planted in early spring or autumn. Spring planting is preferred for regions with a cold climate. Trees are planted before bud break, when the soil warms up well. Autumn planting is desirable for the southern regions.

The root system grows best in autumn. Trees are planted when the trees shed their leaves. The seedlings are planted in October, a month before the onset of frost, so that the trees have time to take root and adapt to the new habitat.

Select site

Cherry grows well on fertilized or fertile soils. Trees are planted on sandy or loamy soil. It is undesirable to plant plants on peat bogs, clay, sandy, acidic or waterlogged soils. Cherries do not like to grow in the shade. Prefers a well-lit area. Michurin cherry is planted near pollinating varieties.To a neighboring plant should be at least 3 meters. Cherry does not tolerate neighborhood with a pear, plum, apple tree.

Preparing the pit

Regardless of the planting period, a pit for seedlings is prepared in advance. If the plant is planned to be planted in the spring, then the pit is dug in the fall. You need to give time for the soil to shrink. It is advisable to plant cherries where fruit trees have not grown before.

The turf and the top fertile soil layer are carefully removed and set aside separately. Then the earth is selected from the hole to a depth of 70 centimeters (width - 70 centimeters). Drainage is laid at the bottom of the excavated pit, then sod with grass down.

Fertile land is mixed with wood ash (500 grams), leaf compost, a bucket of rotted manure (bird droppings are undesirable). Add some sand to the clay soil. You can add 60 grams of potassium sulfate and superphosphate.

Landing

First, a little fertilized earth is poured into the pit.A seedling is placed on the mound and the roots are straightened. Then the tree to the root neck is sprinkled with fertile soil. The vaccination site should be at a distance of 8 centimeters from the ground. The soil near the tree is lightly compacted and watered abundantly. The trunk circle is mulched with peat. Near the tree, you can install several pegs. A sapling tied to them will be more resistant to wind.

Pollinators

Cherry Michurinskaya refers to self-fertile crops. It does not bear fruit without pollen growing near trees and bees. A garden with a single Michurinskaya cherry will not produce a crop. Near this tree you need to plant pollinating plants. It is desirable that suitable trees grow at a distance of 3-5 meters from each other. It is possible to graft cuttings from other varieties to Michurinskaya sweet cherry.

Michurinka

Cherry-pollinator for variety Michurinskaya. Productive and winter-hardy culture. Blooms in the same period as Michurinskaya. The fruits are round, burgundy, weighing 5.5 grams.

Pink Pearl

Cherry with large, pinkish-orange fruits. The mass of the berry is 6 grams. Pollination requires replanting of pollinators: Michurinskaya, Adelina, Ovstuzhenka.

Bigarro Burlat

A variety of large cherries, originally from France. Fruits - black-red, with dark cherry juice, weight - 6.4 grams. Blooms at the same time as Michurinskaya, fruits ripen in June.

Adeline

Table variety of medium maturity. The fruits are red, weighing 5-6 grams. For pollination of this variety, Michurinskaya, Poetry or Rechitsa are planted nearby.

Poetry

The tree blooms in mid-May, the fruits ripen in July. Berries - medium size, yellow, with a ruddy cover. The weight of one fruit is 5.5 grams.

In memory of Chernyshevsky

Dessert variety with large red juicy fruits. The weight of one berry is 4.6 grams. The pulp is tender, melting, sweetish-sour.

Care Secrets

Michurinskaya sweet cherry requires a minimum of attention. Trees are watered in a dry season, fertilized, cut branches, insulated for the winter, protected from diseases and pests.

Irrigation

Abundant watering is desirable to organize for young, just planted seedlings. Mature trees are watered only during the dry season, which falls at the time of flowering and the formation of ovaries. During the fruit ripening period, watering is stopped, otherwise the berries will crack.

Feeding

Cherries are fed with nitrogen fertilizers in early spring. The tree is watered with mullein infusion (0.5 kilograms of fertilizer per 10 liters of water). Instead of organic matter, you can take mineral supplements (urea, ammonium nitrate). After flowering, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are added to the ground (35 grams per 10 liters of water).

Cutting

Sprigs of sweet cherry are cut in early spring or late autumn. The formation of the crown begins in the first year of life. Forming pruning is carried out in the spring. The crown is thinned out, the length of the branches is reduced.

Sanitary pruning is carried out in late autumn. Remove dry, broken, diseased branches. Top shoots are removed from the tree. Every five years, a rejuvenating pruning is carried out, cutting off the old ones, leaving the young branches.

Preparing for winter

Before wintering, the plant is treated with a solution of lime. The earth is mulched with peat or humus. The trunk is wrapped with agrofibre or burlap. To protect against frost in winter, a snowdrift is thrown to the tree.

Prevention from diseases and pests

To protect against fungal diseases, cherries are treated with fungicides or folk remedies. Insecticides, homemade solutions or traps help against insect pests.

Insects causing significant damage to cherries: cherry aphid, leafworm, cherry fly, pipeworm, fruit mite.Sweet berries are eaten by birds. Glue traps are used to control cherry flies. Insecticides (Confidor, Aktellik) help from these insects. They are saved from the tube turner with the help of Aktara. From aphids, the CALL or Confidor remedy helps. Against these small insects, you can use tobacco dust, elderberry decoction.

To protect against birds, rustling or shiny objects (foil, cellophane), home-made turntables, strips of white fabric are hung on the branches.

Bag

To protect trees from crawling insects (caterpillars, aphids, mites), a trapping belt is used. It is made from burlap soaked with insecticide. A tree trunk is wrapped with a belt at a distance of 1 meter from the ground, tied in the center with a rope, leaving the top and bottom open in the form of a skirt. Such a trap will prevent pests from climbing a tree or descending.

Roofing material

You can save sweet cherries from numerous pests wintering in the soil near the tree with the help of an ordinary roofing material. From this material you need to cut a circle with a radius of 50 centimeters. In the center - make a hole for the trunk and cut a circle. The trunk circle covered with roofing material will protect the tree from insects. You can remove it in late autumn.

Snow

In winter, you need to sprinkle snow on the tree. It will protect the plant from freezing. True, after a snowfall, the snow needs to be trampled down to prevent rodents from getting close to the tree.

Chorus

This fungicide is used for many fungal diseases (moniliosis, clasterosporiasis). For the solution, take 3 grams of the substance and 10 liters of water. Trees are processed 3 times a season.

Aktara

An enteric-contact insecticide used against sap-sucking and leaf-gnawing insects (aphids, beetles, bedbugs). Take 4 grams of the drug, dissolve in 5 liters of water. The tree is sprayed with the mixture and a little liquid is poured under the root.

Hom or Bordeaux liquid solution

Hom is a copper-containing fungicide. It is used for fungal infection (moniliosis, clasterosporiasis). A solution is prepared (40 grams per 10 liters) and the tree is sprayed with it during the growing season.

Bordeaux liquid is a fungicide that protects cherries from fungal diseases. The mixture consists of lime and copper sulfate. The drug is diluted with water. The solution is sprayed on plants in early spring and during the growing season.

Spring treatment

After the snow melts and the soil warms up, the cherry trunk is whitened with freshly slaked lime. Clay, copper sulfate, Dichlorvos, Dnok, Hom preparations are added to the whitewash mixture. Before the awakening of the kidneys, the tree can be treated with a solution of copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, Dnok, Nitrafen.

If leaves appear on the plant, you can spray it with a solution of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate or COV. The earth near the tree is loosened, dug up. The trunk circle is watered with a solution of urea, copper sulfate.

Harvest and storage of crops

Cherry is harvested at the stage of optimal maturity. Do not allow the final ripening of berries. When fully ripe, the fruits become too soft. For better storage, cherries are plucked with a stalk. Picked berries are carefully placed in boxes.

Keep cherries in a cool place. At a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius, it will not deteriorate for 2 weeks.

Reviews

Vasilyeva Olga, Voronezh:

“Michurinskaya is the most unpretentious tree. It tolerates rare watering and frosty winters. Every year I collect several kilograms of berries. Just enough to eat and preserve. I advise everyone.”

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