Chrysanthemum diseases: causes and signs, how to get rid of pests, effective treatment

One of the beautiful flowers that came to our gardens from Japan and China is the chrysanthemum. Lush decorative bushes amaze with a variety of varieties, bright flowering before the onset of winter. But plants are picky about care. Often, due to diseases, chrysanthemums die. But if you notice the symptoms of pathology in time and take action, then the decorative culture can be saved.

Why do plants get sick

The causes of the appearance and infection of diseases can be:

overwatering;
low air temperature;
lack or excess of mineral and organic fertilizers;
planting fungus-infected seeds;
applying fresh manure to the ground.

Failure to comply with the agricultural technology of chrysanthemums leads to the fact that some of the plants die. But pathology is not transmitted from diseased plants to he althy ones.

Diseases caused by pathogenic fungi, their spores, lead to the death of all specimens of chrysanthemums in the flower garden. The horticultural type of crop often suffers from infectious diseases when weather conditions are favorable for their spread.

What are the diseases and methods of their treatment

During cultivation, flower growers are faced with diseases of chrysanthemums, which are caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Often these are fungi that remain active for a long time. Their spores overwinter in plant debris. They infect chrysanthemum seeds, shoots.

With improper care, when moderation in watering, fertilizing is not observed, the plants also feel bad, do not bloom, wither.

Fungi, viruses must be fought with chemicals, fungicides. But the normalization of the watering procedure, top dressing will allow the flowers to recover.

Infectious

You can determine the beginning of infection in plantings of chrysanthemums by:

withering foliage;
spots on leaf plates, flower petals;
root rot;
stunting;
lack of flowering.

In this case, the salvation of all decorative chrysanthemum bushes depends on the timeliness of treatment. After all, the infection spreads very quickly, and then you have to say goodbye to your favorite flowers.

White rust

The disease begins with round yellow spots on the leaves. They are only 5mm in diameter. More often, spots affect young foliage, gradually spreading over all plates. Having examined the leaves of chrysanthemums, they notice their whitish raids on the reverse side. They contain spores that are carried by wind and rain to neighboring plants.

Chrysanthemum petals are also affected by the fungus, which leads to the loss of beauty of the flower. The fight against white rust consists in the treatment with fungicides. The most effective drugs are Myclobutanil, Difenoconazole. The disease fungus quickly develops immunity to chemicals, so it is necessary to use the most powerful new generation fungicides against it.

Grey Rot

In damp cool weather on the chrysanthemum bushes, you can see areas covered with grayish mold. Water spots are formed on the entire ground part of the plant. With dense plantings, lack of proper care, infection of chrysanthemums occurs rapidly.

You can cope with the disease by removing diseased specimens, treating the soil and he althy bushes with fungicides. They normalize the condition of the soil, drying it, reducing the amount of nitrogen.

Septoria

Spotting, or septoria is a disease in which all leaves are covered with yellowish-brown spots. Spores are formed inside the areas affected by the fungus. They spread the infection to neighboring chrysanthemums. This is easily achieved when flowers are planted close together.

For the treatment at first, preparations containing copper are needed. Spray diseased bushes with a solution prepared from 10 grams of copper sulfate in half a liter of water and 100 grams of potassium soap in 10 liters. All components are mixed and processed by chrysanthemums.

Powdery mildew

It is easy to identify the disease by a whitish coating on leaves, stems, flowers.It seems that the bushes are powdered with flour. The fungus infects weakened plants that lack nitrogen and potassium. Plants should be treated as soon as the first symptoms of powdery mildew appear. Treat the flower garden with a soapy solution of soda ash. For 10 liters of water, 40 grams of substances are enough.

A liquid containing 20 grams of copper sulfate, 200 grams of liquid green soap per bucket of water will help heal chrysanthemums. It is necessary to carry out processing in sunny weather, without wind, at a temperature of 20 degrees above zero.

Fusariosis

When Fusarium wilt starts curling leaves. Over time, white spots appear on the plates, inside of which there are spores of the fungus. Disease-causing pathogens are resistant to temperature extremes and remain active after winter. They are preserved in plant remains.

To prevent infection, it is necessary to process chrysanthemum cuttings before planting with a solution of "Fundazol".

Root bacterial cancer

One of the incurable diseases is rare. But when infected with cancer, growths are visible on the stems of chrysanthemums. Noticing such symptoms, you need to completely pull out the diseased bush, and treat the flower garden with Formalin solution. The medicine is prepared by dissolving 150-200 grams of the drug in a bucket of water. Nothing can be planted on the site for a month after processing.

Viral

Virus strains rarely infect chrysanthemums. Microorganisms are spread by aphids or through the gardener's hands from one plant to another. At the same time, the chrysanthemum:

stunting going on;
leaves are affected by chlorosis, mosaic;
the tongues of flowers are discoloring.

White spotting, dwarfism, mosaicism are common among viral diseases.

Non-infectious

Even the most unpretentious flowers can get sick if they are poorly looked after. Chrysanthemums begin to turn yellow, wither when moisture stagnates in the soil. The roots have little air and nutrition if the soil is not loose, but dense. The root system begins to rot, hence the delay in the growth of chrysanthemums, the lack of flowering.

If microcracks appear on the stems from excess moisture, then the flowers do not stay on the bushes, they break.

Chrysanthemums are damaged by spring frosts. This is noticeable by the red veins of the leaves. Plantings should be covered before night temperatures drop.

You can notice non-infectious plant diseases by the condition of leaves, stems and flowers. Timely corrected flaws in care will allow the decorative culture to develop successfully.

Pests

Chrysanthemum bushes look sick when they are attacked by harmful insects. Most parasites are sucking species. They make plants look messy. Leaves and inflorescences are especially affected by insect attacks.

Greenhouse aphids

Small sucking insect the size of a pinhead is green or pink in color. Usually, aphid colonies are located on the back of young leaves, causing them to warp and dry out. The aphid female lays eggs several times during the summer, which leads to the complete defeat of the plantings of chrysanthemums.

Spider mites

Small spiders with four pairs of legs attack plants in early spring and autumn. It is difficult to notice the insect, but as a result of damage to it, the foliage on the stems turns brown and dies. Fertilized female ticks hibernate in plant debris, under lumps of earth. To stop the pest invasion, it is necessary to remove and burn garbage in time in the fall, dig up the soil

Helps fight mites by dusting chrysanthemum shoots with sulfur powder or spraying with a solution of colloidal sulfur (100 grams per bucket of water).When processing, the underside of the leaves is especially carefully sprayed, where the mite nests. The procedure must be carried out three times with a break of 10 days.

Leaf nematode

Filamentous worms infect the entire above-ground part of chrysanthemums, becoming more active during the rainy seasons. The consequences of defeat by nematodes are:

appearance of brown spots on the leaves;
twisting and dying them;
lack of flowering;
stunting.

After wintering in fallen leaves, nematodes continue to damage chrysanthemum plantations in spring.

The bushes infected with nematodes should be destroyed, and the remaining plants should be treated with a solution of "Heterophos".

Meadow bug

Damage to leaves, buds and flowers is caused by bugs. They feed on plant tissues, causing the leaves to curl and deform, and the flowers to fall off. It is necessary to treat chrysanthemums with insecticidal preparations in order to destroy the pest.

Effective aphid control

One of the dangerous pests looks pretty harmless. But if you do not fight with him, then you can lose valuable varieties of chrysanthemums. Sticky insect excrement attracts pathogenic fungi. Then the plant will be further weakened by disease and die.

Mechanical

There are several ways to get rid of aphids. First, when a small number of specimens are found on the back of the leaves, they are cleaned with a cloth and soapy water. The work is carried out with gloves, completely washing the ground part of the plant.

Chemicals

Sometimes, without chemistry, the fight against aphids is ineffective. But when working with insecticidal agents, the proportions in use must be observed.

Solution "Karbofos", "Aktellika", "Phosfamide", "Metaphos"

Each of the preparations effectively fights aphids on chrysanthemums, black plaque on leaf plates disappears after processing. It is necessary to take 20 grams of the substance and dissolve in 10 liters of water at room temperature. The sprayer is used to process the working fluid. The procedure is carried out in the morning or in the evening in calm weather. It is necessary to protect the respiratory organs, the mucous membranes of the eyes from getting a chemical substance on them. Be sure to spray the soil in the flower garden.

Glass liquid containing ammonia

Ammonia has a depressing effect on pests. Therefore, the bushes are sprayed with liquid several times until the aphids disappear completely.

Flower sprays

Treatment with flower sprays will get rid of sucking insects. Before processing, it is necessary to dilute the liquid with soapy water so that it adheres better to the leaves.

Ammonia diluted with water

The use of ammonia is justified by the effectiveness of the means to combat aphids. It is necessary to dilute the concentrated solution with water in a ratio of 1:10. Spray the aphid-affected bushes three times every 12 days.

Kinmiks

Insecticidal drug acts on pests for a month. They are treated with a working solution, which is prepared according to the instructions, in the morning or in the evening. Since the drug is washed off by rain, it is desirable that the weather be clear and calm.

Rules for the use of chemicals

When working with insecticidal solutions, you must:

wear a special robe or tight clothes;
use goggles, headscarf, mask;
prepare solutions in non-food containers;
stir chemicals outdoors or in a well ventilated area.

After treatment, take a shower and wash clothes with soap.

Folk remedies

You can fight aphids with safe means. Everyone knows about them, so they should be used in the initial stages of aphid infestation.

Infusion of onion skins

20 grams of onion peel should be infused in a liter of water. Infusion is used three times. The break between treatments is 10 days.

Garlic infusion

Garlic cloves are peeled, chopped. It is necessary to fill the mass with water and insist for several hours. Chrysanthemums are sprayed with this solution.

Infusion of dried citrus peel

The collected peel from oranges, tangerines is dried. After grinding, pour water and insist 3 days. After filtering, pour the solution into the sprayer and process all the ground parts of the plants.

Solution of laundry and tar soap

Minor aphids can be handled with soapy water. In a bucket of warm water dissolve shavings of household or tar soap. It is necessary to spray the bushes so that the liquid gets into areas with aphid colonies.

Tobacco

A decoction of tobacco dust or shag waste is prepared as follows: a kilogram of tobacco is dissolved in 5 liters of water, left for a day. They boil for an hour. After settling, filter and dilute half a liter of broth in a bucket of water. It is advisable to add 100 grams of soap for better adhesion.

Pelargonium

The smell of pelargonium repels aphids well. It is planted along with chrysanthemums. This will prevent the appearance of aphids in the flower bed.

Prevention tips and tricks

To prevent diseases in chrysanthemums, you need to:

water them sparingly with room temperature water;
apply timely potash and phosphate fertilizers;
plant bushes at the optimal distance from each other;
spray with a solution of Bordeaux liquid after planting chrysanthemums after 10 days;
loosening the soil after watering and rains;
weed flower beds in time.

Chrysanthemum cultivation is successful only if the rules of plant care are followed.