Tomatoes for the northern regions: the best, productive varieties for open ground and greenhouses

If on the shelves of specialized stores your eyes widen from all sorts of varieties and types of tomatoes, do not panic. For the convenience of buyers, the seed bags themselves describe the type and where, in which area, tomatoes can be planted.

Description

Tomato is a vegetable that contains a pantry of vitamins and minerals. Has healing properties. They can be included in the diet for the treatment and prevention of many diseases.

To get a good harvest, the owners need to know what varieties can be planted in the area.After all, scientists - breeders are trying, when breeding new varieties, to take into account the area in which they will grow, so that adaptation to the climate has already been grafted from the seeds, where tomatoes will grow and bear fruit.

Tomatoes for the northern regions should have time to germinate in a short summer, form faster. Tomatoes grown in the northern regions have a smaller leaf, it is peculiarly located along the stem. This gives more sunlight to the fruit and accelerates its ripening.

Tomato varieties for the northern regions do not have much foliage on the stems, they are acclimatized to a short, hot summer. These are varieties with limited growth of the central stem, which ends with a flower brush.

Varieties of the northern regions are frost-resistant, because frosts are frequent guests both in autumn and in spring. Literally all types of tomatoes that are grown in the northern lands have this characteristic feature. But there are also differences: ripening time, taste, growing place - in a greenhouse, in open ground.

There are two types:

1. Short - they can grow both in greenhouses and in the open field. These varieties are preferred for growing in greenhouses. They are small in stature, have early ripening and high yields. But the biggest minus is that they are prone to a wide variety of diseases, which only this vegetable suffers from.
2. Tall - special varieties with almost 2 meter stems. They require a lot of attention to themselves, they should be tied up and supported or arched. They stretch up, take up very little space in width, compared to their brothers - “kids”. This species bears fruit longer and more, but the vegetable itself ripens later.

Each species has its pros and cons, and you should pay attention to this when choosing seeds.

Growing methods

In harsh climatic conditions, this vegetable is desirable to grow in greenhouses. And with the sowing of seeds of early varieties, these types of tomatoes are already beginning to please their owners somewhere after 3 months from the moment of sowing.

No matter how the sowing is done, in order for the harvest to be good, one must adhere to several rules of agronomy. Warm soil is required, you can do without natural heating, use hot water running through pipes or a device designed to convert electrical energy into heat.

We need to prepare the beds, disinfect, plow, apply both mineral and organic fertilizers.

Make a mound up to 15 cm in height along the entire length of the beds. Seeds before sowing should also be disinfected, make temperature changes. This process requires diligence. Soak the seeds located between the layers of matter in water at 20 degrees Celsius. After they are completely immersed, we leave them in this water for the night.

After this time, we pull it out of the water and put it on the middle shelf of the refrigerator, also for the night. And so for 14 days. With such hardening, weak, infected seeds die, natural selection occurs.

Can be treated with potassium permanganate (make pinkish water), to destroy a variety of pathogenic microbes. Treat seeds with growth stimulants. The next step is to sow them in a box with soil (it has a thickness of up to 3 cm). When the seeds are placed on the soil, they should be sprinkled on top with dry earth to a thickness of about 1 cm.

If you follow these instructions, the first sprouts will be after a week of waiting. When 3 leaves hatch, a pick is required. It is needed to strengthen the root system. When the roots are bitten, each sprout is planted in a separate flowerpot and placed in a lighted place, you can on the windowsill.

If the day of planting is determined, then somewhere 7 days before it, it is advisable to start potting seedlings outside to harden it. We plant a plant in greenhouses, on mounds in May. Indentations are made on the hills, they should be at a distance of 50 cm from each other.

Before planting greenhouses in the soil, we process the pits with a biostimulator. Seedlings, after planting in a greenhouse, can not be watered immediately. It is necessary to let it strengthen in the ground for 3 days, otherwise the seedlings may get sick.

Next, it is necessary to carry out watering, loosening (it should take place 1 time in 7 days), hilling is mandatory. Depending on which variety is selected for planting, it is necessary to carry out a garter and the obligatory formation of the skeleton of a bush. Top dressing of a tomato should be carried out after 7 days after its planting, either in the ground or in a greenhouse. After the first feeding, the next feed in 7 days.

Planting seedlings of tomatoes in the northern regions should be done after warming up the soil, in early June, and a biological thermometer should be the blooming of birch leaves. Vegetables sit on the same bed for no more than 2 years. It is good for tomatoes to plant them in the place where zucchini and melons were grown before.

It is advisable to break up the planting beds in a place where the tomatoes will be protected from gusty winds, and they will be provided with daytime warming. An unwanted neighbor is potatoes, because the Colorado potato beetle does not disdain tomatoes.

Soil for planting vegetables, prepared in autumn. For this, quarantine weeds are removed, the earth is dug to a depth of 30 cm (a full bayonet of a shovel), it does not hurt to pour diluted copper sulphate on the landing site in the spring. It is prepared simply: 1 tbsp. l. pour the chemical preparation into a bucket of water, the output is 2 liters per 1 m2.

Then wait 2-3 days and boldly plant seedlings. Inspect seedlings and remove weak plants. The day before planting, pour flowerpots with vegetables with water so that when removing it from the flowerpot, the injury is minimal, because the less damaged the root system, the faster the tomato will be taken into the ground.

For planting in open ground, the best varieties of tomatoes, small and early ripening, are suitable. These varieties are planted with a scheme of 30x40 cm, the depth of the hole should be 20 cm, and 30 cm in diameter. It is necessary to put 1 cup of humus into the dug hole, mix it with the soil and pour 1.5 liters of water.

Tomatoes are planted while standing and sprinkled with earth to the cotyledon leaves. Trample the ground around the stem. It is advisable to plant tomatoes in gloomy weather or at night so that the seedlings do not get sunburn. Growing seedlings to full maturity is hard work: watering, fertilizing, as well as fighting insects, parasites and frosts.

Features of care

If frosts are expected, it is necessary to prepare bags, matting to shelter the plants in advance, and if they are protracted, make a high hilling. When they pass, carefully open them.

We should not forget about the temperature and drainage conditions. After watering, it is necessary to make a ball, loosen the soil, and prevent the formation of earthen crust. Seedlings in this position lose a lot of fluid. To prevent this from happening, mulching the soil under the seedlings follows. Peat, straw, sawdust are suitable for this.Having created good conditions, high-yielding varieties of tomatoes will thank their owners with strong, beautiful fruits.

When watering, you can also feed vegetables. To protect against late blight - pour water with the addition of manganese at the rate of 2 g per 10 liters of water. Do not forget during the flowering of the bushes, spray with a mixture of 1 g of boric acid diluted in 1 liter of water. These foliar sprays stimulate more set.

This procedure is good to do in dry, calm weather. There is also a store preparation "Ovary" also for sprinkling flowers and improving the ovary.

Varieties for northern regions

Good varieties of tomato of the northern regions are: Alaska, Metelitsa, Polar, Betta. Of these, fruitful, quickly ripe: Taimyr, Bullfinch, Yamal.

Agronomists - geneticists have grown tomatoes that are resistant, giving high-quality, good fruits for open ground in the northern regions. Let's take a look at some of them:

1. Polar - refers to an early ripe variety, has a bush shape growing without branching, without side shoots. Produces 4 clusters of rather large fruits that are shaped like an apple, the fruit weighs 150 grams, and can ovary in poor light.
2. Taimyr - a variety of very fast maturation, a standard plant bush, fruits weighing 80 - 100 gr, rounded, beautiful. It tolerates unexpected temperature drops very well. It has a rare property for the north - it can give new shoots and fruits after freezing. It is considered the best in early ripeness, has an ordinary appearance of a bush. Of the early varieties, it has the largest fruit, which weighs up to 180 grams. A distinctive feature from the rest of the mass of early ripening varieties is "immunity" to the bacterial disease of the tomato throughout Russia - late blight (a fungal disease of plants).

If signs of this disease are found, spraying should be carried out immediately. Tomatoes, both in the greenhouse and in the open field, should be treated with the chemical Oxyx and it is advisable to repeat this procedure 3 times during the season.

Manipulations should be carried out in warm, sunny weather, 24 hours before spraying it should not rain so that the bactericide can act on infected areas. It is necessary to sprinkle very scrupulously, literally envelop the preparation from all sides, it is necessary that the atomizer has small holes. See that there are no dry places left on the bush, otherwise the disease may progress. It is impossible to spray with a broom in this case. It will not give a complete, protective layer to the entire plant.

It is worth planting not just one, but several types of this vegetable. So you can understand and choose exactly the variety and type that will please the taste both fresh and canned.

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