Salmon family: a list and description of 37 species, what fish look like and where they live

Representatives of the Salmon family are considered one of the most common inhabitants of the oceans and other bodies of water. The wide distribution is due to the fact that such fish feel equally good in both sea and fresh water. The most common subspecies of such fish include salmon, trout, pink salmon, and coho salmon. However, there are other varieties of such individuals.

Salmon subfamily

Seven genera are included in the subfamilies of the salmon order. The characteristic features of such individuals include a developed jaw, on which there are sharp teeth, and small scales covering the body.

Clark's Salmon

This fish is distinguished by red stripes along the lower jaw. The body is characterized by a gray or yellowish-green color. Such individuals grow up to 75 centimeters and have a mass of 6-8 kilograms. This fish is very popular among anglers.

Pink salmon

Pink salmon is characterized by high commercial value, especially in the Far East. The meat reaches a fat content of 7.5%. This fish is considered the smallest among the representatives of the Salmon family that live in the Far East. Usually its weight does not exceed 2 kilograms. The standard body size of pink salmon is 70 centimeters. Her body is covered with small silver scales.

The color of pink salmon is affected by the habitat. In the sea, the fish is distinguished by a silvery color. At the same time, her tail is complemented by small dark dots. The body of pink salmon, which is found in rivers, is covered with dark spots.They are on the sides and head. Males develop a hump during breeding. In this case, the jaws become longer and take on a curved shape.

Sevan trout

These individuals are found in Lake Sevan. There is also a passing form. Large fish grow up to 90 centimeters and weigh up to 17 kilograms.

Italian trout

This fish is found in an Italian lake. It reaches an average of 35 centimeters. Italian trout leads a bottom lifestyle. It is listed in the Red Book.

charr

All types of char are considered valuable commercial fish.They contain many minerals. In addition, this fish is characterized by excellent taste. Representatives of this species are large and grow up to 90 centimeters. At the same time, their weight is 15-16 kilograms. Charr is found in cold waters.

The following varieties of this fish are distinguished:

Arctic - characterized by a gray body with a dark blue back. The top of the body is covered with spots. The shade of the arctic char changes during breeding season.
White - found in fresh waters of the Far East. This individual has a greenish or brown tint and is covered with small spots. The snout is short and the cavity is green.
Boganidsky - contains more polyunsaturated fatty acids than other types of marine fish. Charr is characterized by slow growth. Therefore, fishing is limited at the level of legislation.
Lake char-kristivomer - is considered one of the largest representatives of chars. The maximum size of this fish is 1.5 meters and the weight is 33 kilograms.
Chukotsky - is considered a Far Eastern fish, which is distinguished by a cylindrical body. It has a silvery white color and red fins.
Yakutian - representatives of this species have a dark shade and stripes on the sides. This individual has a narrow body.

Sockeye salmon

During spawning, this fish is characterized by a red body and a large jaw. Sockeye salmon reaches a length of 80 centimeters and has a weight of 1.5-3 kilograms. The fillet of these individuals is distinguished by a bright shade. It is stained with carotenes of crustaceans, which are included in the diet of sockeye salmon. Her meat contains a lot of fat.

Sima

This fish is found in Pacific coastal waters. The length of such individuals reaches 65 centimeters, and the mass is 6-8 kilograms. The migratory variety of sima is larger in size. The oval body is covered with black spots.

Sakhalin taimen

These individuals reach impressive sizes. They reach 1 meter. In this case, the weight is 24 kilograms. The characteristic features of this fish include large scales. Taimen is listed in the Red Book and belongs to the second rarity group. That's why you can't catch him.

American charcoal

This representative of the Salmon family has been relocated to natural reservoirs. The American char is characterized by a rounded body. She has a brown back with light dots. The length of the fish is more than 30 centimeters. There are also very large specimens, the length of the body of which exceeds 120 centimeters, and the weight is 10 kilograms. This fish is often used in cooking.

Rainbow trout

Color corresponds to the habitat. At the same time, there is a longitudinal strip of bright color on the body of the rainbow trout. The length of the fish reaches 90 centimeters, and the weight is 7-9 kilograms. Rainbow trout are artificially bred. At the same time, the meat contains protein that is easily digestible.

Taimen

This is the largest fish that belongs to the Salmon family. It is called a living individual, which does not leave the limits of its reservoir. Taimen is characterized by a long, elongated body and a flattened head on the sides. The mouth is very wide and opens all the way to the gill openings. The teeth are arranged in several rows and curve inwards.

Taimen's body is covered with small dense scales, which are distinguished by a silvery color. It is complemented by many round black spots the size of a pea. The pectoral and dorsal fins are grayish in color, and the anal fin is bright red. During the mating season, adults acquire a copper-red hue. After fertilization of eggs, it becomes normal.

Chinook

Chinook looks like a large salmon by visual signs. She looks like a torpedo. Chinook is a valuable and large fish, which is considered a representative of the Far Eastern Salmon. The average length of the fish reaches 90 centimeters. In favorable conditions, individuals can grow up to 180 centimeters. The mass is 60 kilograms.

The dorsal fin and back of the fish are complemented by small black spots. Puberty in chinook salmon begins at 4-7 years.In the mating season, the light color is replaced by pink, burgundy and purple. At the same time, the teeth grow, the jaws of males are deformed, and the body acquires an angular shape. However, the hump does not appear.

Flathead trout

Representatives of this species reach a length of 50 centimeters. They are engaged in bottom hunting. Individuals are on the verge of extinction, and therefore have a protective status. It is forbidden to catch this fish.

Adriatic trout

This individual is found in fast-flowing rivers. At the same time, she lives at a depth and grows up to 70 centimeters. The mass of fish reaches 1-5 kilograms. However, sometimes there are larger individuals that weigh up to 12 kilograms.

Lenok

This fish can be river or lake. It has a rounded body covered with small scales. The hue allows fish to disguise themselves in the habitat. Lenok grows up to 40-70 centimeters. At the same time, its weight is 4-8 kilograms. This fish is a sport fishing object.

Separately worth considering a bored or dumb-faced lenok. Individuals differ in length, which can be 25-35 centimeters. At the same time, there are also larger individuals that reach 50-55 centimeters. The mass of individuals usually does not exceed 1.5 kilograms. At the same time, the most massive specimens reach 5 kilograms. The life span of such fish is 10 years.

Trout Gil

This fish has a yellow body covered with spots. At the same time, it reaches 50 centimeters in length. Sport fishing is allowed, but there are some restrictions.

Coho salmon

Coho salmon belongs to the Far Eastern Salmon. It contains less fat than other individuals - no more than 6%. Previously, coho salmon was called white fish. It is also called silver salmon. The spawning of coho salmon begins later than that of other fish. This period falls on September-March. Coho salmon can also breed under the ice crust.

Females and males of individuals during spawning acquire a dark crimson color. Puberty of coho salmon occurs at 2-3 years. The fish is considered the most heat-loving representative of salmon that are found in the Pacific Ocean. Recently, its population has suddenly decreased. The standard size of coho salmon is 80 centimeters.In this case, the mass usually does not exceed 7-8 kilograms. Individual specimens can weigh 14 kilograms.

Neiva

This lake fish looks very attractive. She has a long silver body. During breeding, the neiva turns yellow or red-brown. At the same time, her body is covered with crimson spots. The length of this type of Salmon reaches 65 centimeters. At the same time, the fish is not valuable from a commercial point of view.

Svetovidov's long-finned palia

These individuals are small in size. Their length does not exceed 33 centimeters. Svetovidov's long-finned palia is included in the Red Book. It has a short snout with a protruding lower jaw, which is complemented by long teeth. The body has a dark gray color and a golden tint.

Marble Trout

This type of salmon is common in Bosnian, Montenegrin and Italian rivers. They reach a length of 70 centimeters. A characteristic feature of such individuals is a large head. They differ in silver or gray-green color. Brown stripes on the body form a characteristic pattern. The meat of the marbled trout is distinguished by its excellent taste and delicate texture. It goes on sale only in the regions where it lives.

Salmon

This fish of the family has the best taste. No wonder salmon is called king salmon. Spawning of these individuals occurs in rivers, but they are marine species. In Russia, wild salmon lives in the Kara, Barents, White and B altic seas.At the same time, the lake variety lives on the Kola Peninsula and in Karelia. Wild specimens are now very rare.

Salmon is characterized by large scales of a silvery color. On the back, it has a greenish or dark gray tint. In this case, the abdomen is light. There are small black spots along the entire body.

Ohrid trout

These individuals are found exclusively in Lake Ohrid and its tributaries. In appearance, they resemble rainbow trout. The length of such a fish reaches 70 centimeters, and the mass is 6.5 kilograms. The body is quite long. It is covered with silvery scales with multi-colored spots.

Kumzha

This fish is medium in size. Its length is 30-70 centimeters, and its weight is 5 kilograms. Brown trout are characterized by a dark back of a rounded shape. The light gray body is covered with shiny scales with dark speckles. At the same time, the lower jaw protrudes forward.

Mexican golden trout

A characteristic feature of such individuals is a bright golden color, which is diluted with small blue spots. At the same time, the scales cast a slight silvery color.

Malma

This is a fairly common species of Salmon found in Arctic waters. It picks off near rocky ground and in river mouths. The Dolly Dolly is characterized by red fins and an abdomen of the same color. Her spawning begins in autumn. For 1 time, the fish lays up to 6000 eggs.

Kunja

The maximum size of this fish is 100 centimeters. At the same time, its mass does not exceed 11-12 kilograms. Kunja is a commercial variety of anadromous char.

Keta

These large individuals grow up to 80 centimeters. At the same time, their weight is 9-15 kilograms. Keta is found in the Pacific Ocean. It has a light gray color and dark fins. Chum salmon is characterized by dietary meat.

Cig

These individuals belong to the salmon order. In this group, they are united by external signs. Separately, it is worth highlighting the Far Eastern representatives of whitefish.

Valki

This is a kind of river salmon. Several varieties of such individuals are found in a limited range. All valks have valuable meat.

Muksun

These individuals have a length of up to 70 centimeters and a body weight of up to 8 kilograms. Muksun is found in Siberian rivers. It is characterized by a small head and a high transition to a long torso. The meat is quite fatty and contains a minimum of bones.

Peled

This fish reaches 50 centimeters in length. Moreover, its weight is 5 kilograms. Peled is found in rivers and lakes. It is characterized by black dots on the caudal fin and head.

Chir

Chir is also included in the list of whitefish. The average weight of these individuals reaches 2-4 kilograms. However, individual specimens grow up to 16 kilograms. Chir is found in the northern fresh waters. It is characterized by a small head and light scales.

Whitefish

This representative of the Salmon family has white meat. It is characterized by a high curve from the head to the back. In this case, the lower jaw protrudes forward. The length of the whitefish is 120 centimeters, and the weight is 14 kilograms.

Sig through

These individuals are characterized by protruding lips and a smooth head. Meat contains a fat-soluble form of vitamin A. Whitefish is also high in fatty acids.

Vendangx

The length of this fish reaches 20 centimeters, and the weight is 300 grams. The body is covered with large scales. At the same time, vendace is characterized by flat sides. This fish lives in lakes.

Tugong

This representative of whitefish is considered freshwater. It is found in the rivers of Siberia. The length of the fish reaches 20 centimeters, and the weight does not exceed 100 grams.

Omul

This individual is found in Kamchatka. Its average weight is 800 grams. However, under favorable conditions, the mass reaches 1.5 kilograms. The average length is 50 centimeters.

Gyling

This representative of the Salmon family is distinguished by a silvery color. A characteristic feature is a large fin, covered with dull red spots. The back of the grayling is dark gray in color. At the same time, there are small black spots on the sides.

The Salmon family is considered to be very diverse and includes many valuable species of fish. They differ in visual characteristics, habitats and meat properties.