Plum Eurasia: variety description, pollinators, growing methods and care with photos

Eurasia plum is the most unpretentious, early ripe fruitful variety. It belongs to hybrid crops, is popular with amateur gardeners, as it attracts with unpretentiousness, resistance to climatic conditions. Among the various varieties of plums, Eurasia early-ripening is distinguished by its large and sweet fruits.

History of Plum Breeding Eurasia

Eurasia 21 is a plum variety bred in the 60s of the last century by domestic breeders, scientists from Voronezh. To obtain a new subspecies, cherry plum was crossed with plum, the varieties Domashnaya, Chinese, American yellow and East Asian were used.Plum Eurasia has been listed in the State Register since 1986. The variety can be cultivated in the Central regions of the country, in Karelia, Leningrad and Moscow regions.

Description of culture

Plum Eurasia - a stone fruit crop with a large spreading crown, grows to a huge height - reaches 5-6 m. In 3-4 years after planting, it turns into a young tree with a lush crown. The thickness of the trunk of the tree grows very slowly, and the branches grow quickly, for this reason it becomes unstable in windy weather. Crowns are of medium density. The elongated leaves of the tree are pointed in shape, slightly serrated along the edges. Plum flowers are bisexual, self-fertile,

Plum quickly begins to delight with its first sweet fruits in 4-5 years. With proper care, it gives more than 50 kg of yield from one tree. Round fruits weighing 20-30 g of deep blue color have an sour pulp of an orange hue, inside a loose structure. The chemical composition of the fruit is rich in minerals and vitamins.

Features

Eurasia 21 owes its popularity to its excellent taste characteristics and unpretentious care.

drought and frost resistance

Eurasia plum variety has good winter hardiness. The stone fruit culture tolerates the conditions of the harsh winter of central Russia well. The root system and flower buds do not die even in frosts of twenty degrees and below, since Eurasia is characterized by excellent adaptive properties.

Resistance to diseases and parasites

The plum variety has an average level of resistance to diseases and parasites, so it is necessary to apply preventive measures. To prevent the appearance of parasites, it is necessary to attract beneficial insects to the orchard, such as: lacewings, seven-spotted cows, dragonflies. A good result is given by planted flowering plants that exude a smell that repels parasites.

Important! For this, gardeners recommend sowing the aisle with tansy, marigolds, mint, calendula, lemon balm or hyssop.

Pollinator varieties

Eurasia plum belongs to a self-fertile variety, for this reason, pollinating varieties should be planted next to the tree in the form of early ripening red, Mayak, Greenclod Soviet and Greenclod fruitful, in which the flowering time for pollination is the same. Eurasia without pollination will not give a high yield of fruits.

Plum blossoming and fruiting

Plum begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting. Harvest Eurasia 21 gives a good, but not stable. If in the spring in May there were cold days with prolonged rains, then the plant blooms poorly, the fruits do not set.

Where is the plum crop used

Delicate plum fruits contain a lot of tannins, organic acids and vitamins useful for the body. Plums are processed and used to make jam, compotes, marshmallows, preserves, marmalades, fresh juicy fruits are consumed.

Pros and Cons of Plum Eurasia

Plum Eurasia is popular with many gardeners. They note the merits of this fruit crop:

• high yield;
• early maturity, the plant gives a harvest in 3-5 years after planting;
• excellent winter hardiness;
• sweet taste, pleasant aroma;
• keeping quality, fruits keep fresh for a long time.

Eurasia plum variety also has disadvantages:

• plum grows to enormous heights;
• tree should be planted with appropriate pollinator varieties;
• branches grow fast, need frequent pruning;
• fruits differ in friability of pulp;
• bones do not separate well;
• cannot be dried for prunes.

Plum planting in the area

Proper planting at the recommended time and good care results in a bountiful harvest.

Terms for landing operations

There are certain dates for planting Eurasian plums, they are selected taking into account the region. In the Central regions and the middle lane, the crop should be planted in the spring, when frosts do not threaten the drain. This is usually done in April-May. A tree over the summer in a warm climate takes root well and enters the winter stronger.

Autumn planting is more suitable for southern areas: here winters are not so severe with bitter frosts, seedlings can safely overwinter. Approximately 1.5-2 months should elapse between planting a seedling and the onset of stable frosts.Seedlings are planted in dry, calm weather.

Determining where to plant plums

For planting plums, you need to choose a well-lit place in the garden on the south or southeast side of the site. It should be lit from all sides, especially in the morning. Another requirement for the landing site is the low occurrence of groundwater. From the north, tall buildings or fences should protect the tree from the wind.

Plum Eurasia shows good growth on sandy or loamy soil.

Important! The culture does not like soil with high acidity, therefore, when planting a tree, it is necessary to lime the soil.

Recommended and contraindicated neighborhood

Birch and poplar, walnut with hazelnut, fir and pear cannot be neighbors in the garden of Eurasia. Good contact between the plum and the apple tree. You can grow thyme, tulips with daffodils in the aisle. Between the plum and the nearest tree, the distance should be at least 3-4 m.

In the area where Eurasia is planted, there should be other varieties of domestic plums that bloom with it at the same time: Record, Renklod fruitful, Volzhskaya beauty, Mayak, In memory of Timiryazev.

Preparing the seedling

For planting, you need to choose a good he althy material. To determine the quality, one must be guided by the following signs:

1. The length of the roots of a quality seedling should be within 10 cm.
2. A seedling with a length of 1.5 m and roots up to 30 cm should not have mechanical damage.
3. Material for planting must be grafted. The grafting site is easily determined by the presence of a thickening, curvature of the trunk just above the root collar.
4. The seedling should have a well-defined guide with 3-4 side shoots 50-70 cm long.

You need to know that 3-year-old seedlings take root worse, so you need to choose 1-2 year old planting material.

Important! The growth of culture, its fruiting, largely depends on the quality of the seedling. Planting material must be of high quality, purchased at a nursery or a specialized point of sale of seedlings When buying, please note: seedlings should have slightly enlarged buds

Technological process of planting

Eurasia plum planting is carried out in compliance with several stages:

1. Dig a hole 90 cm deep, the diameter of which is made 2 times the size of the root system of the seedling (usually 70-80 cm).
2. The removed soil is mixed with a bucket of peat and humus, superphosphate (500 g), ash. If the soil is acidic, lime by adding 500 g of lime.
3. Pour the soil into the hole, set a peg in its center, which will be a support for the tree.
4. The seedling is placed on a mound, gently spreading the roots, then covered with soil. The tree, slightly lifting, is shaken to evenly distribute the soil between the roots.
5. The root collar is placed 5 cm above the ground, the soil is slightly tamped.
6. Next, the seedling is tied to a stake, a hole 50 cm wide is made around the seedling and watered with 20-30 liters of water.
7. The trunk area is mulched with wood shavings or peat with a layer of 10 cm.

Plant care

Eurasia 21 plum care consists of timely watering, loosening the soil, weeding between rows, pruning and fertilizing. It is necessary to protect against rodents and reliably prepare for wintering.

Water Regularity

Plum Eurasia is demanding for frequent watering. Lack of moisture can lead to the fall of flower ovaries and the loss of part of the crop. The irrigation regime is determined by the amount of precipitation and the weather conditions of the area. Watered with water directly under the root of a fruit-bearing tree.After planting a tree, it must be watered after 8-10 days, pouring at least 3 buckets of settled water under the root.

A mature rooted tree should be watered 2 times a month. At the same time, it is recommended to pour from 60 to 100 liters of water under the root of each crop. After watering, the near-stem soil must be fluffed and mulched. It is necessary to ensure that the irrigation water soaks the soil by about half a meter. To increase winter hardiness, plums should be watered in autumn.

Important! With a lack of moisture, the fruits of the plum will crack and lose their presentation, and with an excess of moisture, the leaves will turn yellow.

What and how to feed Eurasia plum variety

Plum is characterized by responsiveness to top dressing with conventional fertilizers, which contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and magnesium. They feed the plant by applying fertilizers to the soil of the near-stem circle, while loosening it.From 10 to 12 kg of organic matter with nitrogen are introduced into the soil per 1 sq.m area once every 3-4 years in the spring.

Permanent seasonal top dressing is done in this way:

1. Before flowering, fertilize with ammonium nitrate (1 tablespoon per 10l).
2. During the flowering period, 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate with carbamide per 10 liters.
3. During fruit set 3 tbsp. nitroammophoski 10 l
4. After harvesting, add 3 tbsp. superphosphate into the soil when digging.

Advice! In summer, it is useful to feed using an infusion of mullein or chicken manure.

Pruning a young plum and forming a crown

The first pruning of plums is done to form a crown and create a skeleton in mid-autumn. A crown is formed from 5-7 developed, well-placed skeletal branches. At the same time, a third of the stem is left to ensure the normal growth of young branches.In addition, the remaining shoots are shortened by 1/3 of their length.

When forming the crown, you should pay attention to the fact that the distance between branches should be within 20-30 cm. In summer, pruning of the main trunk is not practiced, only the side branches are shortened by 20-30 cm.

In the autumn, young lateral shoots are pruned, and dry and diseased branches are also removed. In grafted mature trees, root shoots should be removed in summer to the base of the root of the mother plant. When the plum enters the time of fruiting, the conductor is cut off above the highest and most developed branch. Thus, a crown is formed in the shape of a bowl, which is translucent from all sides by the rays of the sun.

Important! After each trimming, the cut points must be treated with garden pitch or varnish based on drying oil.

Caring for the trunk circle

Proper care of the plum circle is of great importance in the development of the plant.In the summer it is necessary to do weeding, freeing the land from weeds. In autumn, be sure to dig around the tree and in the aisle at 15 cm deep. In time, it is necessary to collect fallen leaves and burn them. Rotten carrion should not be left on the ground, such fruits can be a source of disease, so they must also be disposed of.

Preventive measures and getting rid of pests

Plum is exposed to disease and attack by pests. Plum aphid damages the leaves, this leads to a delay in the growth of shoots, a decrease in the amount of plum yield and winter hardiness of the tree. To protect the plum from aphids, it is necessary to spray the plant during flowering with a 3% solution of urea.

Plum sawfly larvae damage plum fruits, sometimes they can destroy the entire crop. From the larvae, the tree is treated after flowering using Bordeaux liquid, karbofos. Caterpillars of the codling moth at the plum eat out the kernels.The fruits stop growing, then fall off. One caterpillar can damage the crop of several trees. It is necessary to escape in the summer from the codling moth with trapping belts.

Preventive measures for codling moth are:

1. Tillage by autumn digging;
2. Weeding in the summer and loosening the soil;
3. Pruning branches to avoid thickening.

Fruit rot causes a brown spot. Plum pulp becomes tasteless, watery. Used for pre-flowering preparation phytosporin.

Preparing the tree for winter

Despite its excellent winter hardiness, the plum tree requires preparation for a cold winter. First you need to remove fallen dry leaves, then do water-charging irrigation. Then you need to dig the ground around the tree and mulch the soil with sawdust. It is obligatory to treat the plum trunk with garden whitewash.To prepare the solution, you need to take 3 kg of lime, 400 g of copper sulfate, 50 g of casein glue and mix everything in 10 liters of water. Before whitewashing, it is necessary to clean the tree trunks from dry bark, moss.

In young plants, the branches are tied to the trunk and insulated with a material that allows air to pass through. The trunk must be insulated using spruce branches or a polymer mesh, this will serve as a good protection against any rodents in winter. Lay a rag next to the tree, moistened with mint oil or turpentine, the pungent smell of which will scare away mice.

In general, the Eurasia variety is in demand among gardeners, as it is unpretentious, frost-resistant, pleases with an early abundant harvest.

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