Peppers: planting and caring for seedlings in the Urals in a greenhouse and open ground

Without this vegetable, it is difficult to imagine both harvesting and a vegetable garden. Since pepper is very fond of heat and light, its landing is not possible in all conditions. This capricious culture, even in the south, without appropriate care, will not give a bountiful harvest, and in the Urals, in general, apart from leaves and flowers, you can not see anything. Recently, breeders have been trying to develop varieties that are more resistant to cold, nevertheless, growing peppers in the open field or even in a greenhouse will require a lot of effort and effort.

The best varieties for the Urals

One of the most popular types of pepper is Bulgarian. Of course, this crop requires a lot of attention and care, but it is resistant to adverse conditions such as cold and short summers.

The best varieties of bell peppers should be characterized by high productivity, resistance to difficult conditions and must have excellent taste and commercial qualities.

Here are a few varieties and their inherent characteristics:

• Oda Violet - This bush is upright, undersized with a strong stem, the fruits of which are cuboid in shape and purple in color. The average weight of one fruit is about 100 - 150 g, the average yield is about 6 kg per square meter. One of the main advantages of this pepper variety for the Urals is disease resistance.
• Feher. The fruits of this pepper are distinguished by a prismatic shape, juiciness, sweetness and have a yellowish color. The bush itself is of the standard type, and its maximum height is 60 cm. However, the yield of this bush is less than the previous variety - only 2.5-5.5 kg per square meter.
• The meal has a huge yield (about 12 kg per square meter), the fruit of which weighs from 150 to 180 g.The advantage of this pepper is long storage, as well as stable yield. Fruits of dark green color of a prism-shaped form, with very juicy and gentle pulp. The bush of this type is semi-spreading, semi-determinate, about 80 cm high.
• Variety Nikita, no more than 70 cm high, a bush of a standard type, and the fruits are yellowish-red, with juicy and tasty pulp and a cube-shaped shape. Such pepper is not large in size and weight (only about 70 g). However, it is versatile in use.

• Triton is a fast-growing, branchy plant up to 60 cm high. The fruits are bright red, very juicy and spindle-shaped. Advantage in perfect presentation and good yield (about 9.5 to 10.5 kg per square meter).
• The fruits of the intervention are red with strong, fragrant and sweet pulp, heart-shaped prism-shaped. The mass of such a fruit is approximately 225 g, and the yield is from 8 to 10 kg per square meter.The bush is branched, vigorous and semi-spreading. The pros are great productivity and great taste.
• Medal is a tall, compact and well-leafed bush, the fruits of which are sweet, red and wide prism-shaped. By weight, the fruits reach only 60 g, and the yield is relatively small - about 7 kg. However, this variety is resistant, despite the Novosibirsk climate, to strong temperature fluctuations.
• The last variety that can be planted in the Urals is Zarya. This is one of the very early varieties of pepper of excellent quality. The fruits are a beautiful creamy yellow or red color. The weight of one pepper is from 280 to 300 g, and the yield is up to one ton per hundred square meters. The plant is medium-sized and spreading.

Correct selection of landing site

The main rule when choosing a site for planting peppers is the more sun, the better. It is important that during the day he was under the sun, and did not fall into a shady shelter.

The next point is that it grows in loose soil rich in nutrients. However, it is not necessary to fertilize it too much with droppings or fresh mullein, as well as various trace elements and preparations.

The landing site should be protected from drafts and strong gusts of wind. They also grow best in moderately watered soil, and do not like excess moisture.

Don't forget about crop rotation. The basic rules are simple: the best predecessors are beans, cabbage, peas and cucumbers; the best neighbors are tomatoes, as they repel aphids from this delicate plant. The smell of bush beans is also effective in this regard, it will scare away any pests that decide to interfere with the pepper sprout. From the north side, corn is traditionally planted to protect the vegetable plant from cold winds.

Preparing the beds

For the further proper development of seedlings, it is necessary to choose the time when moving outside.Gardeners are often concerned about the question of when to plant planting material. This time comes when the frosts pass, and falls in the month of May in the south, and in Siberia in the middle of June.

There are some secrets that contribute to the good growth of seedlings and a bountiful harvest. Usually the bed is prepared in advance and in several stages. Closer to autumn, you should dig up the soil, putting a little fertilizer with phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium in the ground. With the onset of spring and warming, every square meter needs to be treated with ammonium nitrate. In order to avoid diseases, a couple of days before the relocation of the sprouts, it is advised to pour the soil with the following solution: dilute one spoonful of copper sulfate in a bucket of water.

Peppers cross-pollinate too well to plant different varieties side by side. To obtain pure varieties, it is better to select different corners at a distance from each other. If this is not possible due to the meager size of the garden, you can make a screen of plants taller.The aforementioned corn or beans are suitable for this.

And most importantly - never plant sweet varieties of pepper near bitter ones, otherwise the whole crop will be bitter.

When seedlings reach about 55-60 days of age after sowing, planting in open ground is possible, given two weeks for shoots. This happens around the end of May, when the air temperature at night does not drop below +14-16 degrees. In turn, this means that seeds should be sown around mid-March, and for greenhouse conditions, seeds should be sown in mid-February.

Transplanting in open soil

Cloudy weather is chosen for this important step. It is even better to start planting peppers in the morning or late in the evening, when the planting of peppers does not fall under the direct scorching rays of the sun. To avoid damage to the boring root, water the soil in cups so that it falls out in one lump. Since the leaves are very delicate, they should also be monitored during the whole process.The 4040 cm scheme is considered the most optimal for planting and caring for pepper seedlings in the Urals. It is recommended to make the depth of the hole a little more than the height of the container, and fill it with two liters of warm water.

The seedlings are planted vertically, the roots are covered with earth, and the leaves are tied to a peg.

Followed by the construction of a greenhouse from the film. The number of layers depends on the degree of cold characteristic of the area. The appearance of new leaves will serve as a good sign that the boring has begun and grown stronger. However, one should not relax in the Urals, summer is full of surprises there, and a film with covering material should always be at hand.

Appropriate care

Further seedling care in the Urals consists of the following steps:

• systematic watering in the absence of extreme heat (once every two days);
• loosening the soil (5-7 times during the season);
• fertilize plants 2-3 times per season;
• weeding.

All efforts regarding the care of Bulgarian grown peppers should be aimed at creating the most comfortable conditions for the development of this fastidious plant. These are the usual procedures for garden crops, which are quite enough for a good harvest. For an extremely bountiful harvest, there are a few more secrets:

• humidification of the earth, except for the last fortnight;
• bait bees with syrup saucers, or by spraying them on leaves;
• correct formation of the bush, which prevents the development of unnecessary shoots;
• remove extra sprouts every 10 days;
• mandatory watering the beds after top dressing.

A huge mistake is seeding ahead of time, as a result of which the seedlings outgrow, and flowering and even peppercorns appear on it.This is fraught with long-term diseases and lags in the development of the plant. If everything is done correctly and on time, growth is noticeable within a week.

Formation of pepper bushes

Very important when growing medium-sized and tall pepper plants is the formation, because the crop itself will depend on it. After cutting off a few leaves on the stem of the plant, about 3 lateral shoots will sprout. Of these, two strong shoots should be selected, which will be the skeleton of the plant, and weak shoots must be pinched onto one leaf.

After the shoots begin to branch, you need to choose the strongest shoot, and it will be the main sprout. Weaker shoots should be pinched behind the first leaf, leaving one fruit.

Moreover, every couple of days you need to cut off the leaves, side shoots and barren shoots that are below the branching of the main stem. It is extremely important to carefully tie each branch of medium and tall plants, because they are fragile and break easily.

Despite the fact that the cultivation of peppers entails many difficulties, the result is worth it. Indeed, today there are many dishes where pepper is used, thanks to which your table diversifies. It can be used fresh, canned and frozen. Grow pepper using this technology and get an excellent harvest.

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