The timing of planting tomatoes for seedlings in the Urals: when to plant according to the lunar calendar

Short, humid, warm summer, partly cloudy, humidity - all these factors determine when to plant tomatoes in a greenhouse in the Urals. Unpredictable weather brings a lot of surprises to gardeners. Here, ideal conditions for growing tomatoes can be combined with a sudden change in weather.

The average summer temperature in the Subpolar Urals is +30 degrees, which, together with high humidity and abundant solstice, gives good chances, which, in combination with greenhouse conditions, increase many times over.

General information

How to correctly determine the time of the beginning of the agricultural season in such variable weather conditions? What are the terms for sowing seeds and seedlings in relation to the Urals?

A little geography first. The mountain range is a conditional border between Europe and Asia. The maximum temperature in summer varies greatly by area and can reach:

• Pai-Khoi - +6;
• Polar Ural - +30;
• Subpolar Ural - +12;
• Northern Ural - it snows all year round;
• Middle Ural - +18;
• Mugodzhary - continental dry climate;
• South Ural - +19.

The duration of the summer period is unstable, depends on the region and ranges from 1.5 to several months - a rather harsh climate for sowing tomatoes. But there are secluded places in the Urals where this capricious culture takes root well.

The last planting of seeds must be calculated very accurately. The short summer leaves no room for error. During the season, the culture should fully mature, give full fruits. Basically, early varieties of tomatoes are planted, having previously prepared seedlings.

Preparing for landing

You can use the lunar calendar to choose the right time for landing. It is also called sowing.

It has long been noticed that tomatoes grow better with the rising moon. This is not surprising. The moon is the ruler of all water on Earth, influences the movement of the water masses of the oceans, organizes the tides. Seedlings also use water: the lunar attraction helps them feel a kind of surge of strength.

Seeds

To choose the right tomatoes for seedlings, you need to decide in advance on the seed material. In late autumn, choose large fruits of your favorite variety.Let them ripen. It is best if the tomatoes themselves fall from the bush. It is necessary to store the fruits for a while, then pull out the seeds. Planting starts in March, deadline is early April.

There is an opinion that complex hybrids do not produce seeds, which is only partially true. If you take tomatoes for seedlings in the Urals from such a bush, then you can grow wild tomatoes. Many gardeners consciously follow this path in order to see with their own eyes the distant ancestor of all modern varieties. A branchy bush will grow, all strewn with small tomatoes - the ancestor of wild tomatoes still growing in South America.

If you pre-prepare the seed material, then the seedlings are strong, its seedlings are formed faster. To do this, it is enough to place them in hot water (+50 degrees) for 15 - 20 minutes, then in a thick solution of potassium permanganate (15 minutes for disinfection). Rinse in cold water, dry thoroughly.Place in a special micronutrient nutrient solution (available at any gardening store). After successful germination, usually in 3-4 days, the seeds are ready for planting.

How to get good seedlings

I wonder when to sow tomatoes for seedlings, subject to a short summer. The question is quite relevant: it will take at least 30 - 45 days to form it.

To plant a tomato for seedlings, you can use disposable plastic cups with soil. Usually lay a few seeds per cup. The first shoots appear after 2-3 days. So that the seedlings do not stretch out, you need to adhere to a temperature of +14 degrees for up to 7 - 10 days.

Spectral illumination is used from the first days after planting. First around the clock, after 2 - 3 days turn on for 14 - 16 hours. A pick is made when 2 - 3 full-fledged leaves are formed. After 15 - 20 days, you can begin to harden off the plant.

Signs of good seedlings:

• height 20 - 40 cm - it all depends on the variety;
• strong, elastic leg;
• rich, dark green color;
• he althy foliage, color lightening slightly around the edges.

The right time can significantly increase the yield: tomatoes in the Urals grow in a short summer. Seedlings are best used with the ovary - this will significantly save time on the formation of full-fledged fruits.

Tomatoes are self-pollinating plants. Under natural conditions, this process occurs under the influence of wind. At home, of course, a draft is undesirable.

To help the seedlings, you need to periodically stroke it, as if checking the stems for elasticity. A kind of gymnastics will help the plant self-pollinate.

Soil

For planting, you must first prepare the soil:

1. Organic fertilizers are usually applied in late autumn. Humus is simply scattered over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe future sowing. It will lie down perfectly until spring, enriching the soil with useful elements.
2. In the spring, melt water will transfer some of the trace elements to the soil. It's time to apply complex mineral fertilizers.

Basic elements for normal growth - nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus.

Complex fertilizers

Complex fertilizers containing these three elements are perfect for plant growth, the formation of full-fledged fruits.

Recommended use:

• Ammofoska - in addition to the three minerals listed above, contains calcium, sulfur, phosphorus;
• Diammofoska - in addition to the main elements, contains 8 additional ones;
• Nitroammophoska - nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur;
• Nitrophoska - has a three-component composition;
• Ammophos - two-component, consists of nitrogen and phosphorus.

The advantage of complex fertilizers in a wide range of applications. The compositions are suitable for any variety of tomatoes. You can plant tomatoes of any variety and use complex fertilizers as top dressing. Enrich the earth with related elements, prevent soil depletion.

Single compound fertilizers

Use for spot feeding with one element. It is recommended to use them very carefully. An excess of nutrients leads to the development of anomalies. A plant grown in such conditions begins to get sick.

Single component fertilizers include:

• Superphosphate - phosphorus content 20%;
• Double superphosphate - accordingly, approximately twice as much phosphorus (45%);
• Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) - a s alt of nitric acid, contains a large amount of nitrogen;
• Potassium (potassium) nitrate - potassium nitrate - the main supplier of potassium for the soil.

The benefits of their application include individual plant nutrition. The lack of one or more fundamental elements leads to the appearance of characteristic features. Planted plants develop poorly, necrosis or yellowing of foliage may appear. By external signs, they determine the lack of an element, prescribe treatment.

When using mineral fertilizers, you must follow a few simple rules:

1. Do not use a food container to prepare solutions. Pots, cups, glasses and other utensils should be kept away from chemicals. What is nutritious for plants is poison for humans. Even a small concentration of elements accidentally ingested can lead to gastrointestinal upset or other negative consequences.
2. Store in a closed container or package.
3. Fertilizers are "sowed" or watered under the root - getting on the leaves or stems can cause a burn.
4. Don't overdose. The plant happily eats all the food, but after that it will start to hurt. The leaves are a good indicator. By external signs, an overdose is determined and they begin to wash the soil with intensive watering.
5. Dry fertilizers are usually dropped in. This prevents uncontrolled spraying over the area. Guaranteed to nourish the root system.
6. Sandy soils reduce mineral consumption, clay soils increase them.

With the combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers, the share of the latter is reduced by approximately three times.

Bedbed

Usually I grow tomatoes in the so-called warm garden:

1. Dig a ditch 20 - 25 cm deep.
2. Down we lay clean straw: it must be soaked with warm water from a watering can.
3. Quickly return the land to its place.
4. Cover with black film.
5. It turns out a bed for growing plants in greenhouse conditions.

The physics here is quite simple. We cut off the cold clay layer with straw (10 - 15 cm high). Its thermal conductivity is sufficient to retain the heat of the upper layer. It remains about 20 cm of earth, where the root system of the plant will feel good. The film will retain heat and moisture until the landing. It remains only to decide when to plant seedlings.

Planting and storing

Now you need to choose a warm sunny day. Decide when to plant plants, preferably taking into account the weather forecast for the next few days.

Tomato seedlings can be planted in the evening. Digging holes, planting. We direct the root system of the plant in the direction of the expected watering. Installing tie-downs. If the bushes are tall, you can immediately tie up the stems. The timing of planting a tomato varies within small limits, about 5 - 10 days. Taking into account the short summer, it is better not to delay the landing.

Landing is accompanied by abundant watering under the root. We continue this process for several days. Usually the adaptation period lasts 2 - 3 days.

The distance between plants is strictly measured. It is about 60 cm. With such a planting, the root system has enough space for full development. There is every chance to get a good harvest.

When planting, do not forget about crop rotation. Tomatoes grow well in place of legumes (peas, beans), which enrich the soil with nitrogen. Accordingly, the amount of this mineral must be reduced when feeding.

Potato is a distant relative of tomatoes. Belongs to the nightshade family. There is little nitrogen in last year's potato beds. If tomatoes are sown in this place, then soil bacteria, pests, will quickly reorient and damage the crop.

Next, organize the schedule:

• watering;
• feeding;
• loosening.

Usually all stages alternate. An exception can be considered:

• spot fertilization;
• treatment with antibacterial drugs;
• nutrient overdose treatment;
• fight against insects, pests.

You can harvest the finished crop, taking into account the time for processing the product. Tomatoes ripen well in a dry, cool, dark place. Usually stored until late autumn.

The traditional place for storing tomatoes is the basement. Prepare plastic curly boxes and lay the first layer of straw. Next, lay the tomatoes, leaving a small distance between them. Make the next layer. This will help keep the harvest for a long time.

It is impossible to follow the instructions exactly, hoping for a guaranteed harvest. In the Urals, even the timing of planting tomatoes for seedlings is not the same every season. The unique experience of vegetable growing, intuition and farming rules come to the rescue.

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