How many days do potatoes sprout after planting and what to do if it doesn't sprout?
Planting the main vegetable crop is half the battle. But it is difficult to achieve high yields of tubers, uniform seedlings. Although it is known how many days the potatoes sprout after planting, the days go by and there are only a few stalks in the field. The reasons for the uneven emergence of seedlings are different. To avoid such a situation, it is necessary to comply with the terms and rules of planting and caring for it.
Potato germination terms
Planting a vegetable crop begins when the air temperature warms up to 8-10 degrees Celsius. Earthworms appear in warm soil. This is a signal to plant early varieties of potatoes. Planting dates for late crops come when dandelions bloom.
Depending on the climate of the region, weather conditions determine the day for planting the field. Take into account the advice of gardeners, guided by the lunar calendar.
Planted tubers will germinate faster in a humid environment. But the dug up area for potatoes should not be saline. Nutrient substrates and humus are brought into the ground.
Pre-germinated tubers germinate better. For vernalization, planting material is placed in boxes, taking them out to a warm and bright room. To speed up germination, wet sawdust, peat or humus are poured between the tubers. Kept at a temperature of 14-18 degrees Celsius for 10-15 days, the seed material will increase the yield of potatoes by half.
Vegetable sprouts appear after planting for 10-12 days. If the weather is cool, and there are still slight frosts at night, then the waiting period will last up to twenty days.
Why don't potatoes sprout?
Potatoes rise for a long time, unevenly for various reasons:
- During the sharp temperature changes of the day compared to the night, the tubers of the vegetable will lie in the ground without sprouting. As soon as it warms up, green potato sprouts will begin to appear. The plant is able to withstand slight drops. But weather disasters in the form of severe frosts will destroy the seed material. Then, instead of sprouts, the potato sprouts, forming miniature nodules.
- Soil moisture is important for crop growth. Excessively dry land does not provide enough moisture and nutrition to nodules. They dry up and never come up. A lot of moisture, its stagnation in the area will lead to rotting of the nodules.
- The depth at which the seeds are planted depends on the composition of the soil. In heavy clay soils, tubers are buried by 8-10 centimeters, and in light sandy soils - 12-15 centimeters. Then the potatoes sprout more friendly and on time.
- Potatoes grow poorly on poor lands. Therefore, during the digging of the site, humus, superphosphate and potassium s alt are introduced. You can put fertilizer in each hole during planting.
- It is imperative to harrow a plot for vegetable crops. The procedure is especially important for virgin lands. Unbroken clods of soil will not allow potatoes to grow.
- One of the pests of the potato field - bears do not allow shoots to appear. Gnawed tubers without eyes will lie in the ground and rot.
The quality of the seed material must be high, otherwise the sprouts will not sprout.
What kind of potatoes do you need for planting?
Speaking about the quality of planting material, pay attention to:
- no pest infestation;
- vegetable variety;
- presence of powerful sprouts on tubers.
If the seed potatoes grown on the site are sick, then they cannot be planted. It will rise slowly or rot in the ground. You can save the tubers by treating with potassium permanganate. Use for disinfection a solution of boric acid, copper sulfate. After processing, the seed material is dried.
Without sprouting tubers, you cannot get a vegetable harvest. Before that, spoiled and diseased nodules are sorted out. Ideal for planting will be he althy tubers weighing 50-70 grams. Larger ones are cut in half 2-3 weeks before planting. Sprouted potatoes are being planted.
Why do potatoes grow unevenly?
Bald patches on a potato field are due to the fact that some of the planted tubers did not germinate. This happens because:
- poorly selected planting material;
- part of the tubers had no sprouts before planting;
- damaged plant seeds by pests;
- potato lacks nutrients;
- there are many large clods of earth on the field.
In order for the seedlings of the vegetable to be uniform, it is necessary to carefully select the tubers for planting. They should be of medium size with thick, strong shoots. Long threads on the seeds speak of diseases of the culture, its inability to grow.
But the green tubers will be more useful on the site, they are able to give a he althy harvest. They accumulate solanine, which will help the plant resist diseases and pests.
What to do, how to speed up the germination of potatoes?
When the potato has not sprouted on the field after twenty days, it is necessary to dig holes and see the condition of the tubers. If there are not even sprouts on them or the seeds have rotted, then there will be no sense in such vegetable plantings. For potatoes to bear fruit, you need:
- prepare tubers before planting, culling beaten, cut, damaged;
- carry out seed germination;
- put the tubers in boxes with peat, humus, moistened with a solution of mineral s alts: 30 grams of superphosphate, 20 - potassium s alt per bucket of water;
- pick up a vegetable variety that matches the area;
- choose a day for planting, taking into account the weather and climate.
It is important to prepare the site for cultivation on time. Prepare the field in the fall after harvest. They dig up or plow the soil, introducing humus. Harrowing the site will break up dense layers of earth.
Given the rules of "three dozen" - planting depth of 10 centimeters, soil temperature of 10 degrees - get the first sprouts of potatoes in 10 days.
Rules for caring for planting potatoes
Before the vegetable shoots appear, the site is harrowed, loosening the soil to a depth of 4-5 centimeters. A sunny, dry day is chosen for the procedure so that the weeds that appear will die.
Harrowing is also necessary when the sprouts hatch, the second time when the stems reach ten centimeters in height. Row spacing is loosened perpendicularly to a depth of seven centimeters.
Fed planting vegetables, depending on the composition of the soil. A solution of wood ash or superphosphate with potassium s alt is added to wet rich soil. Poor soils need superphosphate with ammonium nitrate and potassium s alts 30-50 grams of superphosphate, 10-15 grams of ammonium nitrate and 15-20 grams of potassium s alt are dissolved in ten liters of water. From organic matter, mullein is taken in a ratio of 1:5 or bird droppings - 1:12. Mineral fertilizers alternate with organic ones.
Ugoing for potatoes after germination consists of:
- watering during tuber formation;
- hilling twice a season;
- loosening the field;
- pest vegetable.
All types of care are aimed at providing the plant with moisture and nutrition. Hilling will cause the formation of underground stems, on which the second tier of tubers will be tied.
With a weak formation of ovaries and a powerful stem, the vegetable rows are fertilized with ash or fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium.
Potato grows quickly if preparation for planting and crop care are properly organized.
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