Grapes Kishmish 342: description of the variety and history, features of cultivation and care

Kishmish 342 grape variety has many advantages that have determined the high popularity of the culture among gardeners. This culture attracts with the pleasant taste of berries that do not contain seeds. The plant has low maintenance requirements and produces an early harvest. The vine is characterized by rapid growth, so the grapes must be constantly pruned.

A bit of history

This variety appeared thanks to the work of Hungarian breeders. The plant was obtained by crossing the technical grapes Save Villars and the early ripe culture Perelet.

Kishmish 342 got the ability to withstand sub-zero temperatures from its ancestral forms.

The plant produces fruits early, suitable for consumption. The vine can be grown in areas with a harsh climate: the northern parts of the Urals, Belarus.

Variety description

Description of the variety says that the Hungarian grapes are characterized by rapid growth. Therefore, the plant is grown at a distance from other crops and regularly pruned. To achieve good maturity, gardeners recommend removing 6-8 "eyes" on the vine. Thanks to this, up to 85% of shoots will bear fruit on one plant.

The vine gives a bountiful harvest, the total weight of which reaches 25 kilograms. The mass of one bunch is 600 grams. But sometimes this figure reaches 1.5 kilograms.

Kishmish 342 practically does not form rudimentary formations. This is due to the fact that shoots and clusters provide a sufficient load on the vine, thereby preventing the development of this process.

In Central Russia, Kishmish gives a harvest by September, in the southern regions - by mid-August. The clusters, on average, take up to 135 days to mature from the moment the vines fade.

Characteristics of the plant and berries

Kishmish 342 is characterized by stable fruiting. The variety withstands frosts down to -26 degrees, subject to the technique of sheltering for the winter. This process is complicated by the fact that the plant grows quickly and has an elastic vine.

Culture berries are characterized by the following features:

• lack of seeds, thanks to which the berries are used to make raisins;
• oval shape;
• weight is 3-4 grams;
• firm and sweet pulp;
• sugar level reaches 19-21% (depending on climatic conditions).

Kishmish is mainly used for making table wines because of the nutmeg flavor. The berries of the grapes are dense, so it is suitable for transportation over long distances.

Kishmish can be refrigerated for up to 5 weeks after harvest. This variety is resistant to most fungal pathologies characteristic of grapes. Due to the high sugar content, the plant is often attacked by wasps. It is recommended to organize insect traps near the vine.

Pros and cons of Kishmish grapes 342

Kishmish 342 grows in various climatic conditions, which is explained by the good resistance of the variety to low temperatures. The advantages of culture include the following features:

• lack of seeds in berries;
• pleasant fruit taste;
• resistance to common fungi;
• low maintenance requirements;
• high yield;
• rapid growth;
• strong vine.

Kishmish bunches are not recommended to be kept on the vine for a long time after ripening. The fruits in this case lose their presentation. In case of non-compliance with the rules of care and cultivation, the bush quickly becomes overgrown with leaves and extra shoots, which negatively affects the yield.

Fit Tips

For planting, it is recommended to choose well-lit areas located on the eastern or western parts of the site. The support next to the bush should be installed at a distance of 80 centimeters. The interval between seedlings should exceed 3 meters. Kishmish should be planted in early April or October, before the onset of frost.

The length of the pit for seedlings is 80 centimeters, the width is 70 centimeters. Expanded clay or crushed stone should be poured to the bottom, necessary to create a drainage layer. From above, the pit is half filled with a mixture of soddy soil, humus, wood ash and sand. After that, a peg and a seedling are dug in. The plant is watered abundantly with water, and the soil near the future vine is mulched.

At the end, the seedling is cut into 2 "eyes". The place for the scion should remain above the ground.

Growing and care

Annually, grape bushes are cut into 6-10 "eyes". Every season, the plant is watered abundantly, mulched and treated against fungi. Three months after planting, the tops of the seedlings are pinched.

In the middle of summer, potash-phosphorus fertilizers are introduced into the soil. During the season, it is also necessary to remove excess shoots and sprouts.

Diseases and pests

To avoid infection of the crop, it is recommended to treat the plant with Bordeaux mixture or other biological products every spring. Kishmish 342 rarely gets sick. The main danger to the plant is insects: wasps, May beetle, spider mites and leafworm. Without proper care, grapes can lose up to 90% of shoots and leaves.

Where is the best place to grow?

Kishmish 342 grapes can be grown both in the southern regions of the country and in areas where the temperature often drops to -26, -30 degrees in winter.

Culture is able to grow in various climatic conditions, provided that proper care is taken. Chernozem is considered the optimal soil for growing.

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