Grapes Zarya Nesvetaya: variety description and history, cultivation and care

The vine species Zarya Nesvetaya was bred as a result of crossing the Talisman with the Cardinal. The hybrid turned out to be excellent: juicy, ripe berries with a fruity taste, good survival and endurance. Connoisseurs say that it looks like a nutmeg variety with a light, almost imperceptible tart note. In addition, the new species is almost not afraid of garden pests.

History of selection

Zarya was brought out by E. G. Pavlovsky, a well-known popularizer and breeder of grape varieties. As progenitors, 2 species were chosen - Cardinal and Talisman. The hybrid shows the properties of early, the berries ripen in 100 days.It belongs to canteens, in terms of the climatic zone it is inclined to the southern regions - the Black Sea, the Don and the Caucasus. This can be regarded as both an advantage and a disadvantage. It is clear that in the Middle Strip this grape will be difficult to grow.

Strengths and weaknesses of the variety

There are no ideal varieties: experienced growers and agronomists know this. The early ones are not always distinguished by sweetness and acceptable taste, the later ones do not have time to ripen in a cold climate. Therefore, breeders are crossing, trying to develop a hybrid suitable for most conditions of the extended Russian Federation, from the Moscow region to Siberia and the Far East.

Dignity of the Unlight Dawn is expressed as follows:

• table variety with a heavy and harmoniously formed bunch, pleasant taste of berries;
• strong vine with bisexual flowers, no problem with pollination;
• proper care allows you to get up to 3 brushes on one shoot;
• the average weight of a bunch is 600-1000 grams (there are specimens up to 2 kilograms);
• berry brightly colored, burgundy shade, elongated shape. The shell is matte, moderately dense;
• pulp is sweet, with rich nutmeg flavor, slightly tart;
• in a berry weighing up to 12 grams no more than 2 seeds;
• grapes are suitable for home preservation, juice, tinctures, winemaking.

The disadvantages of the variety are manifested in its sensitivity to cold (needs shelter for the winter), susceptibility to pests. Sometimes the berries are heavily eaten by birds. And experienced growers also note that Zarya has weak, sensitive to injury stems.

Characteristics and description of grapes

The variety grows well and develops, tying large clusters. Peasing (the formation of small berries) practically does not occur, the configuration of the groons is cone-shaped. The fruits are rounded, tending to the shape of an ellipse, a rich pink hue (when ripe with a transition to purple).

The peel is dense, can withstand minor impacts, but soft, elastic. As it matures, a characteristic wax coating appears on it. The core is sweet, but not cloying, tasty, juicy. The color of the vine is brown-green, with brownish knots. The leaf is classic, 5-lobed and bright green. Flowering starts early, inflorescences are bisexual - no need to worry about their pollination.

For all its unpretentiousness, the variety tends to a warm climate, where it ripens better and faster, bears fruit.

Bush and shoots

The bush shows resistance to high humidity, which is important for grapes, usually sensitive to root rot. The shoots are strong, dark green, withstand a cold climate when the temperature drops to -23 degrees. 2-3 gronks are usually tied on one branch.

Leaves

Leaf Dawn Nesvetoy small, unremarkable rounded shape, with 5 protruding teeth-lobes.

Brushes and peduncles

Brushes are dark green, they have a weak stem - this should be taken into account when pruning and caring for grapes. Peduncles of a double set - male and female, so the pollination of the species occurs without outside interference.

Appearance and taste of fruit

The berry is round, slightly elongated, dark pink (to purple) hue, with a slight white waxy coating. The taste is soft, rich, with characteristic nutmeg notes, sweet, but not cloying (20% sugar). The weight of one grape is up to 12 grams, the whole bunch - up to 1 kilogram.

Methods of reproduction

The variety is well bred by cuttings, there is nothing new in this technique.Planting is allowed in 2 selected periods: in spring or autumn. For future bushes, a place is necessarily prepared, a soil mixture. It is necessary to provide in advance the installation of a trellis or stand to support a rapidly growing vine.

Features of cultivation and care

Planting begins with fertilizing the soil. For this, organic and mineral components introduced into the soil are used. The planted stalk is watered abundantly, the earth around it is mulched. Dawn does not require constant pruning, like some other varieties, on average, it needs to leave 6-8 eyes.

In early spring, a special moisture-charging irrigation is carried out, which allows to saturate the upper layers of the soil with liquid, deliver it to the roots. The second time the same dose of moisture is given to the vine during flowering, when the formation of the ovary occurs. Completely stop watering 14 days before fruiting.

Prophylactic treatment with chemicals from the presence of pests is carried out on an ongoing basis, this will strengthen the immunity of the bush and protect the crop. Before hibernation, the bush is cut off, covered (especially in cold areas).

Landing

Before landing, choose a place - it is better if it is an unshaded, bright area, well ventilated, but not in a draft. Zarya Nesvetaya allows some waterlogging, but this does not mean at all that the soil for planting it should be swampy, with a high level of groundwater, or heavy clay.

Drainage of stones, gravel is laid at the bottom of the pit, an earthen mixture of soil and fertilizer is poured on top of it (humus can be used). It is recommended to mulch grapes to preserve and accumulate nutrients.

Foliar and root fertilizer

To feed Dawn use root and surface (foliar) top dressing. The bush receives the first dose of fertilizers when planting, subsequently humus, mineral complexes are regularly introduced, mulching is carried out.

During fruiting, spraying with aqueous solutions of potash, nitrogenous or phosphorus-containing fertilizers is allowed - this will help the berries to ripen, pour juice.

Irrigation mode

The variety is moisture resistant, some overflow is allowed when caring for a bush. It is only necessary not to overdo it, so as not to cause rotting of the root system. The watering regimen is regular, but not excessive: about 2 weeks before the ripening of the berries, it is stopped altogether.

Shaping bushes and pruning

The bush does not need "special" pruning, it copes well with the formation of shoots on its own. It is recommended to leave up to 8 eyes on the vine (in total, no more than 40-42 on the bush). A support should be installed on the site, along which the shoots will develop.

Seasonal processing

Consists of pruning (spring and autumn), spraying with chemicals and fertilizer. The variety is not particularly resistant to garden pests, so it needs regular (2-3 times) treatment with fungicides.

It is recommended to spray Zarya twice before flowering and once after it.

Overall, the species has a relatively good resistance to mildew, with a resistance score of 7 out of 10 for this common disease.

Preparing for wintering

It includes the removal of damaged areas of the vine, cleaning of the remnants of berries, loosening the soil and shelter. The variety is frost-resistant, but protection from the cold will not be superfluous: it will help the bush to maintain its vitality, to “wake up” faster in the spring. For shelter, they use mulching, backfilling with soil, sawdust, burlap, even snow (as soon as it falls).

The fruiting period

Begins 100-115 days after the first bud pecks. It may vary slightly depending on the region of growth, in a warm climate Zarya Nesvetaya will ripen earlier, but not much.

Ripening and harvesting dates

The average berry ripening period is 105 days, this is the end of July-beginning of August. Then they begin to harvest, because the bunch has a weak stalk, easily damaged by the wind or by careless handling.

It is believed that the berries can hang on the vine for some time without deteriorating quality and damage to taste / presentation, but it is better to cut them off in time.

Diseases and pests - methods of dealing with them

The variety shows resistance to downy mildew (mildew), but is damaged by fungi, garden pests.Weevils and leafworms can cause significant damage, especially during the formation of inflorescences. For Zarya Nesvetaya, insecticide treatment is an important measure, the availability of the crop and its volume depend on it.

Processing is carried out 30 days before the grape harvest. To prevent damage by insects that penetrate deeply under the bark, dead fragments are cleaned in the spring, followed by burning away from the plant.

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