Vine ripening: timing and how to speed up the process than to process

Many novice growers do not fully master the skills of cultivating varieties, they need advice or tips. It is not easy to understand the intricacies of the case, to understand all the nuances. Prepared thematic material will help to master the art of creating favorable conditions for a ripening vine on grapes.

Determine the fruit ripening period by variety

The main rule of the grower is that each variety has its own specific ripening period. Therefore, shrub species are classified according to several main features, on which care, its volume and timing will depend:

1. Yield. There are varieties of productive, low-yielding and champions.
2. Weather resistant. Grapes originally grew in the south, most species continue to be cultivated in warm climates, while there are hybrids artificially adapted for the northern regions.
3. Susceptibility to diseases and pests. Varying in most strains, ranging from extreme insensitivity to complete effeminacy.
4. Destination. Table, technical and universal grapes (this also includes decorative).

The list can be continued by adding breeding methods, berry taste, transport tolerance and others. With regard to the timing of ripening, the month in which the clusters ripen, the berries are divided into ultra-early, extra-early, early-medium, medium, medium-late, late and very late.

Each species has its undeniable advantages, by default, medium and late varieties are sweeter than early ones. But sometimes breeders breed hybrids that combine excellent taste and fast ripening.

The grape variety is "tied" to the region in which it will be grown: the later ones will never be able to ripen in the conditions of the short Siberian summer, moreover, they will not survive the cold test in winter.

Of the early species, the most popular are Aleshenkin, Arcadia, White Miracle, Zilga, Moscow White, Victoria, Early Vavilova, Kesha, Decorative and Muscat Chasselas. From the middle ones - Kishmish, gift to Zaporozhye, Nadezhda AZOS. Late varieties - Moldova, December, Karaburnu, Taifi and others.

An experienced grower varies varieties on his plot, alternates them in order to harvest berries of different shapes, tastes, colors, purposes during the warm season. Therefore, residents of the southern regions of the Russian Federation are in a more advantageous position, with long summers and mild winters.

Super early

This category includes varieties that ripen in 105 days.The countdown begins from the moment the central buds open, the full period depends on air temperature, weather, and humidity. In a hot, arid climate, berries ripen worse than in relatively cold ones. The main advantage of such species is that they are guaranteed to ripen and produce a crop. And most problems (pests and diseases) can be safely avoided with them.

Very early

Ripen in the period from 105 to 115 days, suitable for the Middle Band. Such varieties will be in demand, as they are among the first to bear fruit, serving delicious, fragrant berries.

Early

Early grapes have a growing season of 115-120 days, which is enough for clusters to decorate sweet ripe fruits at the end of July. The scatter in color, berry size, bouquet is great - there is plenty to choose from.

Early-Middle

Intermediate category, which includes species with a growing season of 120 to 125 days. It includes Aleshenkin, Bogatyrsky, Karamol, Bucharest Muscat and others.

Average

These include varieties that ripen in the time interval from 125 to 135 days. These are Armenia, Aelita, Beige, Voskhod, Seaside - more than 5 dozen items in total.

Later

A number of diverse, not similar, types of grape berries are closed by late varieties. They sing the slowest of all - 135 days and longer. There are many tasty, sweet, unique varieties in this category, but they are the most susceptible to classic grape diseases and require careful care.

These include Agadai, Dniester pink, Isabella, Tair, Anniversary of Moldova. They can grow in the southern regions, in others they will not have enough time to ripen.

Factors affecting berry ripening

It is undoubtedly - the sun, air and water.Everything should be in moderation, to a greater extent it concerns watering and wind. Grapes are sensitive to waterlogging of the soil, the roots will simply rot, and constant drafts will cause a “runny nose” in the vine - the buds will develop poorly. Without knowledge of these subtleties, the harvest cannot be harvested.

Proper placement of vineyard rows

With large-scale planting, the bushes are placed in such a way that they do not interfere with each other's development, do not obscure the sun. Different varieties have different requirements as they can grow up, sideways or both at the same time. There are no universal solutions, you will have to look for clues in relation to the selected species in order to provide the plant with optimal development conditions.

Sometimes mint is planted near the grapes - its tart smell repels aphids. It is allowed to place bushes near the walls of buildings to protect seedlings from drafts.

How to speed up the ripening process of grapes

This section is not for fans of dangerous experiments and all sorts of "improvements". It will not work to make an ultra-early variety from a late variety, otherwise breeders would not have been painstakingly working for decades to create adapted hybrids, crossing different varieties.

You can influence the process of vine growth if you correctly choose a planting site, feed the bush, prune and stop pests from trying to settle on grapes. Mulching, sheltering, banding, soil replacement (partial or complete), pinching are also used.

Spring treatments

In the spring there is a movement of juices in the vine, the buds wake up from hibernation. It is very important to "push" the plant to further development, to help it gain strength and begin to develop actively. In the southern regions, they start at the end of February-beginning of March, in the Middle Strip - in April. Before sap flow, pruning is performed, this applies to varieties that are not sheltered for the winter.

In more severe regions, in April, they begin to open the vine, removing it from under a layer of sawdust, peat and needles. Be sure to remove dead, weak and old areas. For grapes older than 2 years of age, pruning is performed radically, removing more than half of the buds and sprouts.

You should get a few last year's shoots with he althy ovaries. As soon as "overboard" during the week it will be 10 degrees, the vine will begin to "cry", actively secrete juice. It will last from 14 to 21 days. When frozen on the soil, sap flow is stretched over time, growth processes slow down.

The successful completion of the "weeping" is evidenced by the pecking of the buds, the development of the first shoots. If there is experience in pruning, during this period, “extra” buds are mercilessly removed so that the vine can feed the rest. In the second half of April, the garter begins: the sleeves are oriented at an angle, the shoots are vertical.

In the same period, young bushes are planted. In May, the vine is thinned again, breaking off double and triple shoots (growing from one kidney) so that only one remains. The procedure is repeated sequentially when the sprouts reach a length of 15-20, and then - 35-40 centimeters.

The crown is formed throughout May, removing stepchildren and all shoots coming from the rhizome: this way the most viable, strongest of them will remain, which will give strong, ripe clusters. In addition to these, they carry out activities to feed the vines with mineral complexes. A suitable period for this is the first half of April.

Organic is suitable for future plantings of young grapes. The spring season is favorable for the prevention of diseases: the bushes are sprayed with chemical solutions.

Mixing soil

Grapes do not like heavy, clay soils. Therefore, when planting, they practice mixing the soil with humus, sand, compost, depending on the condition of the site.Drainage is necessarily placed at the bottom - stones, rubble, brick breakage. The resulting "pie" from the earth mixture should be air and moisture permeable - so the vine will grow better.

Cutting

Includes the "selection" of shoots, clusters or individual berries with signs of underformation, diseases, defects. Allows you to increase the chances of survivors to survive, accelerate their maturation.

Vine banding

The banding method is used to accelerate the ripening of berries, stimulate sap flow. It consists in making a cross-section along the vine in a certain place with a sharp knife so that a narrow strip of bark is obtained. Usually carried out in early spring, before the bush finally wakes up.

Pinching Stepsons

To avoid the growth of "extra" branches and rejuvenate the vine, pinching stepchildren is used. The procedure is carried out immediately after their appearance, removing the selected shoots. Good for medium fast grapes.

Breaking shoots

This is not about total destruction, but about the removal of unviable, weak shoots. Otherwise, they will draw juices from the vine and interfere with the development of other parts of the plant. For later species, it is an integral processing step.

Summer Treatments

In July, and especially in August, they continue to actively care for the grapes, regulating watering, applying pinching, fertilizing and chemical treatment against pests and diseases.

Timely reduction of grape watering

The amount of liquid is reduced after the first decade of July: this way you can significantly speed up the ripening of berries and bring the harvest closer. If this is not done, the plant will form ovaries and fruits slowly, slowly, guided by its internal calendar.

Staging

When the vine has started up fresh sprouts that have grown and developed into stepchildren, they begin to thin out. Remove all shoots that are not involved in the development of the crop. This is done between July and August.

Summer processing

Summer is the time of active reproduction of pests, the appearance of diseases on leaves and berries. Processing includes pickling grapes at the first sign of gray rot, oidium, mildew, and insects. Both chemical and folk remedies are used: soda, potassium permanganate.

Foliar top dressing to speed up the ripeness of gron

Many experienced winegrowers successfully use root zone feeding, adding fertilizers under the stem. Not everyone knows that spraying at the end of summer (in August) with a weak infusion of wood ash or a solution of potassium monophosphate acts on ripening clusters as a stimulant.

Chasing shoots

To stop the growth of greenery and release juices for the development of berries, chasing shoots is used: for this, the tops are cut off on them (approximately at the level of 15 leaves).

Remove extra grons

In abundantly fruiting grape varieties, as a necessary measure, the removal of "extra" clusters - shading, diseased, undeveloped is used. If this is not done, the mother plant will try to feed all the grons, grow every berry, which, unfortunately, is not always possible.

Autumn Treatments

Beginner gardeners often ask what to do in the fall besides harvesting. In the last warm days, the vineyard is mulched, freed from heavy clusters, dead branches are removed and prepared for winter. In the same period, for late varieties, growth stimulants are used to accelerate the ripening of berries.

Partial berry removal

The measure is forced, but necessary. Especially for the Middle Strip, where the weather does not indulge in heat. On individual shoots, the upper clusters are removed so that the most powerful, heavy ones remain. Then, on the gronks, they carefully examine the berries and cut out the weak, unformed ones.

Mulching and insulation

It is very important for grapes to maintain a constant temperature balance in the root zone. Therefore, it is mulched with peat, humus, foliage, covered with a dense film (can be black), burlap.

What to fertilize to accelerate the ripeness of gron

There is nothing like sun, warm weather and moderate watering for quick yet even ripening of berries. If it is not possible to ensure the presence of all these components in full, mineral stimulants are used. They will come in handy to get a faster harvest in the harsh climate of Siberia or the Urals.

Use of phosphorus

Phosphorus is very important for the nutrition of the vine, it is one of the main components that ensure its growth. The balance of the mineral in the soil is the key to flowering, normal ripening of berries in the hands. A common mineral complex containing phosphorus is superphosphate.It is used in the fall, watering the bush with an aqueous solution of fertilizer.

Ammonium molybdate

Ammonium molybdate solution is used for foliar and root top dressing. It stimulates the growth and formation of ovaries, as it carries in a bound form one of the main, extremely important components for grapes - nitrogen.

How to tell when berries are ripe

To understand that the berries are ripe, it is not necessary to accurately calculate the growing season. It is enough to conduct a tasting: ripe grapes should have a rich, sweet taste, without the admixture of parasitic components. Unripe berries can be bitter, tart, overly sour.

The degree of ripeness is also easy to recognize by color: for fully formed fruits, it fully corresponds to the description in the catalog, a reference book of grape varieties.

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