Columnar apple tree Arbat: variety description and characteristics, cultivation and care

The columnar apple tree Arbat was the first to be bred by breeders. One advantage is its compactness. The seedling grows vertically upwards and practically does not create side shoots. Five trees easily replace an ordinary apple tree. The trees give a rich harvest that is easy to harvest.

General description of variety

The first fruits can be obtained already in the year of planting, but it is better to remove all inflorescences and not overload the tree. A standard apple tree takes at least 4 years to bear fruit.

Trunk height

The apple tree can reach a height of three meters. The crown does not branch and has a decorative appearance.

Foliage

The leaves are densely arranged along the trunk. There are also growths, in the center of which there is a fruit bud.

Fruits

The tree begins to bear fruit from the first year of growth. Five-year-old seedlings bear abundant fruit and produce up to 20 kg of fruit.

The collection period falls on the end of August, the beginning of September. Fresh can be stored until December. After picking, apples should rest, this improves their taste.

Root

The root system is fully developed by the fifth year of growth.

Types of rootstocks

A tree can be grafted on different rootstocks.

On a dwarf rootstock

Gardeners practice grafting the Arbat apple tree to a dwarf rootstock. It successfully takes root and develops.

Columnar

Is a dwarf grown from seeds.

How to distinguish dwarf from ordinary

Dwarf tree has one common trunk and no side shoots. The leaves grow just on the trunk. Unlike standard fruits in the first year.

Apple tree Arbat - characteristics

If we consider this dwarf tree, then it has its own characteristics and characteristics.

Crown formation

These seedlings have no crown. Proper trimming results in a more reliable trunk.

Color pollination

The variety is classified as self-pollinated. You can achieve a good harvest if there are other apple trees nearby.

Fruits

Fruits of medium size, have a pink glossy color. The flesh is yellowish. The taste of apple is sweet and sour. Weight is approximately 110 grams.

Yield frequency

The yield of a tree does not depend on the period. The tree bears fruit every year. All nutrients go into the formation and growth of apples.

Preparing trees for winter

Preparation includes the following steps:

1. Feeding to saturate with useful substances and successfully endure winter.
2. Antiparasitic treatment and spraying against various diseases.
3. Pruning the tree as needed.

Possible diseases and pests

Most often the tree is affected by the codling moth. It is located under the fruit bark and successfully winters, and in the spring it affects the ovary. Dwarf apple trees are easier to treat from pests by spraying, because they are small in size.

Apple flower beetle successfully hibernates under the bark and appears before the buds open. Harms buds by eating them. You can cope by treating with special preparations.

You can fight psyllids and aphids by spraying with a solution of ash or tobacco infusion.

Tasting properties

The shape of the fruit is round and slightly elongated. The pulp is creamy. Tastes sweet and sour and very juicy.

The content of nutrients and trace elements in the Arbat apple

Apples are rich in iron and also contain malic, citric and tartaric acid. Contains volatile fatty acids.

Advantages and disadvantages

Main Benefits:

• compact;
• slow growth;
• late summer ripening;
• harvest is given every year;
• fruit from the first year;
• high frost resistance;
• beautiful appearance;
• resistance to fungal diseases.

Flaws:

• short shelf life;
• when the tree is overloaded, the fruits become smaller;
• poor transportability;
• short life of a tree - 15 years.

Planting trees

For the proper growth and development of the seedling, it must be properly planted.

Earthworks

Preparation for planting an apple tree is best done in autumn. Dig a hole and fill it with fertile mixture.

Where to plant

Sunny areas on high ground are suitable for planting. Melt water in the spring will not collect around the trunk. If the soil is damp, drainage is needed.

Preparing the soil

It is important to take care of fertile soil. The ideal option is humus, compost or other fertilizers.

Pit dimensions

The pit must be the right size:

• width - 80 cm;
• length - 80 cm;
• depth - 40 cm

Pour the necessary top dressing and mix with the ground. Place a tree for fitting, the roots should be freely located in space. If the tree is cramped, deepen the seedling a little.

Distance between trees

There are two landing patterns:

1. Compacted rows, where the distance between seedlings is 40 cm. And between the rows - 2 meters.
2. The 1 x 1 meter landing pattern is also practiced.

Selection of seedlings

Seedlings must be chosen strong with a developed root system.

Date of planting

Planting is done either in spring before bud break or in autumn after leaves fall and buds form.

Disembarkation process

Before planting, the root system is soaked for 2 hours.

Growing an apple tree

To get a good harvest, the apple tree requires proper care.

Tree care

For a bountiful harvest, it is important to organize a full-fledged care, which should correspond to seasonality.

Cutting

Performed in the spring until the moment the juice moves along the branches and the buds swell. These are preventive measures that allow you to remove damage from the tree that appeared in winter. Also, with the help of pruning, you can remove overwintered parasites and foci of infection.

Flower care

In the first year after planting, remove all flowers from the tree. The strength of the seedling must go to rooting.

In subsequent years, the harvest must be rationed so as not to overload the tree. In the second year, up to ten buds must be left. Then gradually accustom the tree to loads.

Irrigation works

The seedling requires abundant watering. If the summer is not dry, the near-stem space is irrigated twice a week. Mulching the soil will help retain moisture.

Irrigation is very important after planting and is done daily.

Protection against diseases

To protect against diseases, it is necessary to treat the tree by spraying. As a preventive measure against diseases, they are sprayed with copper sulfate and Bordeaux mixture.

Pest control

To control pests, the apple tree is treated with chemicals in early spring. Suitable means - "Fufanon", "Inta-Ts-M".

Apple tree fertilizer

At the beginning of summer, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is carried out. In autumn, potassium, nitrogen and organic top dressing is introduced. For regular top dressing, chicken manure and manure in the form of watering are used. Fertilizer is soaked in water, insisted and then watered the seedling.

Selecting a pollinator variety

The Antonovka variety is used as a pollinator.

Fruiting

Arbat is characterized by early fruiting. Fruit ripening begins at the end of summer. Fruiting goes up to 15 years.

Selection

The variety was bred by Moscow breeders, namely Kichina.

Harvest and storage of crops

In the autumn, the long-awaited stage begins - the harvest.

Harvesting

Crop can be harvested in late summer, early autumn. After picking, you need to let the apples rest.

Storage and transportation of fruits

Apples are stored in cool rooms until December. Storage longer than the established period leads to the loss of taste and useful properties. Poorly endure transportation due to increased vulnerability.

What can be made from apples

Apples are consumed both raw and prepared: compotes, preserves, jams.

We grow in the regions

The sapling may behave differently depending on the region.

Tatarstan

Gardeners after experiments revealed that this variety is ideal for growing in Tatarstan. The good news is that the region is seeing good snow cover. At an air temperature of -40, the temperature regime of the soil is -10 degrees.

Middle Volga

Also suitable for dwarf trees up to three meters high. In the harsh conditions of the region, the soil temperature is -15 in winter, and in summer up to +60 degrees. The soil has an average degree of fertility, while the Arbat grows well and bears fruit.

Southern Regions

Southern regions are the most suitable, as the climate is less severe there, and dwarf trees grow successfully here.

Bashkiria

Also a region where apple planting is practiced. They prefer early-growing varieties that have earlier fruiting.

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