Livadia Black grapes: description and characteristics of the variety, cultivation and care

The selection qualities of grape varieties predetermine the main direction of fruit use. For fresh consumption, it is recommended to work with table varieties. If you want to get high-quality raw materials for making wine, you must give preference to technical ones. There are generally recognized leader varieties that have proven themselves only on the positive side, one of which is the grape called Livadia Black.

Description of variety Livadia Black

The name of the variety immediately speaks of one of the characteristics of the grapes. The plant forms berries that have a rich dark color, becoming almost black at maturity.

Historical background

Livadia Cherny owes its appearance to the well-known winemaking institute "Magarych", thanks to whose work many worthy varieties have seen the light of day. The plant was obtained from experimental sites, where the new species showed good resistance to grape diseases and high yields.

The structure of the bush

Vine bushes are formed tall, but they do not grow rapidly. They are able to withstand a significant number of bunches. Adult plants can withstand 80 eyes. At the time of flowering, bisexual flowers are formed.

Vine

A powerful vine of grapes is gaining strength in the 4th year of cultivation. The number of fruit-bearing shoots can reach 80%. On average, there are 1.4 bunches of grapes per shoot.

Bunch

Cylindrical bunches of grapes are not large. On average, their weight varies within 250 g.

Pros and cons

The grape variety is considered an ideal raw material for making wine. It is unpretentious in cultivation and is able to withstand exposure to low temperatures. Its benefits include:

good yields;
optimal combination of sugar and acid in fruits;
high juice content.

One of the advantages of the grape variety is increased resistance to diseases of fungal origin.

Technical characteristics of Livadia

The grape variety is now in demand on the horticultural market due to its technical characteristics. The culture is actively and successfully grown on private household plots and large farms.

Grape type

Livadia Black refers to the technical types of varieties, which indicates the possibility of its cultivation on an industrial scale and use as a raw material for making wines. The palatability of the berries received high tasting marks, and today the variety is one of the most famous industrial grape crops.

Compliance with technical grade standards

When compared with other well-known grape varieties, you can see that the indicators of Livadiysky are not inferior to them. Some of them, for example, Krymsky, surpasses it in sugar content, but at the same time, the acidity in the berries is higher.

Ripening period and yield

The variety is characterized by an average ripening period. From the beginning of flowering to harvest, an average of 130-140 days pass.

Characteristic diseases and pests

Livadia grapes are resistant to the most dangerous grape diseases, successfully cope with mildew, oidium and gray mold. Plantings may suffer from apoplexy, powdery mildew, white rot.

For the purpose of prevention, spraying with Bordeaux liquid and vitriol solution is carried out.

Decrease in yields is observed during the invasion of aphids, weevils, mealybugs. To combat them, special drugs are used. They negatively affect wasp fruit yield, so their nests need to be destroyed and fruit protected with cover.

Description of the berry

The grapes are medium in size, each weighing between 1.5 and 2 g. They have a dark color and juicy flesh with nutmeg notes, with a purine coating on the skin. The juice content can reach 90%. At the time of ripening, the fruits are easily removed from the stem.They contain 26% sugar and 8 g/l of acid, a combination considered optimal for making wine.

Tasting evaluation

Thanks to the optimal indicators of acidity, sugar content and color saturation, grapes are now used in winemaking. It produces light dessert wines with hints of nutmeg and prunes, hints of chocolate. Specialists appreciated the taste qualities of fruits and high values were assigned to the variety on a 10-point scale. Dry wine received 7 points, dessert - 8 points.

Energy value

Significant sugar content causes high calorie content of berries. 100 g of fruit contains 70 kcal.

Acidity level

The acidity of grapes is 8 g/l, which is considered the best indicator for technical varieties.

Benefits and harms of drinking

Grapes are a valuable source of vitamins, minerals, which can make up for the lack of nutrients in the body. Due to the high sugar content, fruits are not recommended for overweight people and people with diabetes.

Grapes are useful for problems with pressure, they have a positive effect on blood vessels and prevent the risk of atherosclerosis. They have the ability to thin the blood, so they reduce the risk of blood clots.

Due to their high iron content, fruits help fight anemia.

Don't include grapes in your diet for people with sensitive teeth, as the acid aggravates the situation. For the same reason, it should be used with caution by those who suffer from high acidity of gastric juice.

Landing in open ground

The start of work on planting in open ground depends on the region. Before planting, the root system is soaked in a plant stimulator, which makes it possible to increase its survival rate. The planting pit is prepared in advance, approximately 2 weeks before the start of work, a pit 80 cm deep is formed. For heavy soil, a drainage layer is required to help avoid stagnant water and rotting of the root system.

Disembarkation dates

For the central regions, planting work is started in the absence of a return of frost and sufficiently warm soil. In most regions, May is considered such a period, when the ambient temperature reaches a stable value of +5 ^C.

What to look out for when boarding

Livadia grapes are picky about the soil, so you should carefully consider choosing a place for permanent cultivation. It should not be in the shade, there should be a lot of light and heat. To do this, choose a sunny, wind-protected site.

The soil should be black earth, when planting it is enriched with mineral fertilizers, and the plant must be provided with support.

Agriculture and care

Agricultural cultivation and plant care is standard. It is required to control the sufficiency of soil moisture, to do pruning, to carry out preventive treatments to protect against diseases and pests. During the growing season, fertilizing with organic and mineral fertilizers is carried out.

Pruning the vine

The formation of grape bushes is carried out in the second year. Pruning is carried out several times:

spring - remove broken, damaged shoots that have not survived the winter;
in summer - unfruitful branches are removed, pinching and thinning of green mass are carried out;
in autumn - the bush is prepared for wintering and covered.

When pruning in the spring, use the method of fan formation of shoots. When forming a bush, 6-8 strong "sleeves" are left, placing them in different directions on the trellises. On each of them, 5-6 vines are left, which are cut into 2-3 eyes.

Irrigation and fertilization

At least 3 full-fledged waterings are carried out during the season. There should be 50 liters of water per square meter of plantings. The first abundant watering is carried out with warm water until the first buds open. The second is repeated at the time of flowering, and the third - 14 days before the collection of brushes. Additional irrigation is determined based on the climate and the sufficiency of precipitation.

In the spring, nitrogen-containing preparations are introduced, which contributes to the activation of plant growth. During the flowering period, the soil is enriched with phosphorus and potash fertilizers.

Preventive measures

In order to prevent diseases, fungicides are sprayed before and after the flowering of the plant. If signs of anomaly are found, the procedure is repeated. To reduce the risk of infection, the shoots are thinned out, the diseased parts are removed. The soil needs to be periodically loosened, avoiding stagnant water. A good effect is ensured when mulching, for this, a 5 cm layer of straw, mowed grass or peat is formed near the trunk.

We fight diseases and pests

To combat pests and diseases, targeted drugs are used, of which there are a huge number on the market for gardening products today. Spraying with Bordeaux liquid and copper sulphate is effective. Compliance with the rules of watering, pruning and fertilizing will help prevent plant he alth problems.

Collecting and applying the harvest

Harvesting in the southern regions starts 130-140 days after flowering.In the northern regions, the ripening period determines the climate and the number of warm days, it can occur in early October. Do not delay the work, because with a long stay, the berries lose their taste and begin to fall off.