Marble Pear: description and characteristics of the variety, pollinators and cultivation

Marble pear can be found quite often in the gardens of the middle zone, but with proper care it will not be difficult to grow a crop in any region. The fruits are large in size, the pulp tastes sweet, with a high juice content. The variety is characterized by high productivity, good resistance to many adverse factors. Care is simple, does not require a lot of effort and time.

Description and characteristics of pear Marble

Marble pear bred in Russia. It is based on two varieties of pear: Bere Winter and Forest Beauty. The characteristics of the resulting culture have a long list of advantages.

The description indicates the following distinctive features of the pear:

• tree height reaches 4 meters, powerful pyramidal crown;
• leaves dark green, large, slightly carved edges;
• flowering period begins in early spring, flowers are small, white;
• fruit ripening starts from the end of summer;
• dense skin of ripe fruits yellow-greenish with dark yellow patches, cream-colored flesh;
• grains are large;
• a young tree begins to bear fruit after 6 years;
• pear becomes a pollinator for many other varieties of pears;
• belongs to self-pollinating crops, but the process is difficult.

The pulp of the fruit contains a large amount of fructose, so the product is approved for use by patients with diabetes.

Pros and cons of the variety

The advantages of Marble pear varieties include a number of advantages:

• large fruits weighing up to 180g;
• high harvest;
• the duration of storage of harvested fruits reaches two months;
• fruits tolerate transportation well;
• high resistance to infections and pests;
• tree withstands frosts down to -26 degrees.

The disadvantage of the pear is considered to be poor drought tolerance, so gardeners need to set the correct watering regimen. Young seedlings do not tolerate low temperatures well.

Fit features

Marble Pear does not impose special requirements on the soil, it begins to bear fruit anywhere. But to get a high and high-quality crop, you should try to create the most comfortable conditions for the crop.

How to check the quality of a seedling?

Particular attention should be paid to the quality of pear seedlings:

• For planting, it is better to choose two-year-old pears with 4 side branches.
• There should be 4-5 strong roots, up to 32 cm long.
• It is desirable to have an earthy coma along with roots.
• There should be no signs of cracking on the surface of the bark.

Choosing the place and time of landing

You can start planting pears in the spring or autumn months:

• Start spring work only after stable warm weather is established, when the risk of a return of frost has passed, approximately from May 1 to May 5.
• In autumn, you need to plant a pear before the onset of cold weather, since the root system needs time to adapt, in the first half of October.

Pear planting site must meet the following requirements:

• good lighting;
• protection from through winds;
• fertile, loose soil with good aeration without moisture stagnation.

Landing sequence

Recommendations to help you plant pear seedlings correctly:

1. 12 days before planting a seedling, they dig a hole 75 cm deep.
2. The soil dug out of the pit is mixed with fertilizer.
3. If the soil is heavy, then gravel is poured into the bottom of the pit.
4. A pole is installed in the center of the pit, which will serve as a support for the trunk.
5. Place a seedling and bury it with earth. The root neck of the seedling should protrude 6 cm above ground level.
6. The trunk is tied to a support, slightly compacting the soil and making a groove for watering.

Immediately after planting, the pear is watered with settled water. Up to 25 liters of water are consumed per root. Then the soil is mulched. Straw, sawdust, dry leaves are chosen as mulch.

How to properly care for a plant?

Marble pear care is simple. It is necessary to water the soil in time, add nutrients, prune, and treat infections and pests.

How to water?

The variety needs frequent watering. With a lack of moisture, unripe fruits and leaves begin to fall off. As a result, the yield decreases. The first month after planting, it is required to water the pear every 7 days.

In the future, the pear needs additional watering in spring and autumn, especially if the weather is dry.

Sprinkling is considered the ideal method of watering. If it is not possible to carry out this irrigation option, then a ditch 15 cm deep is dug around the tree. The earth must be periodically loosened and weeded from weeds.

When and how to feed?

During the various growing seasons, the pear needs fertilizer. It is important to calculate the dosage correctly, since not only a deficiency, but also an excess of nutrients can lead to poor crop development:

• During the flowering period, pears apply nitrogen fertilizers.
• Two weeks after flowering, the tree is treated with a solution of urea.
• Urea is introduced in June.
• In July, they feed the soil with potassium sulfate.
• In the autumn, when fruiting ends, it is desirable to introduce organic matter. Suitable manure, compost or bird droppings.

As the pear grows, more fertilizer may be needed:

• If the leaves develop poorly, and the lower leaves fall off altogether, a lack of phosphorus is detected.
• When spots appear on the leaves, calcium deficiency is not ruled out.
• With a lack of potassium, the leaves turn brown and fall off.
• When the fruits are not ripening well, a lot of nitrogen may have been applied.
• Small leaves with pale color due to lack of nitrogen.

The first five years after planting a pear, top dressing should not be applied at the very root. It is better to distribute nutrients along the perimeter of the near-stem zone.

How to whitewash?

So that the bark of the tree does not suffer from exposure to sunlight, the trunk is whitewashed in the spring. The solution is purchased at the store or made independently. Clay and lime are stirred in water.

If copper sulfate is added to the solution, then such whitewashing will protect not only from the sun, but also from pests and diseases.

Apply whitewash starting from the lower branches of the pear to the very bottom of the trunk. In a young seedling, all branches are additionally whitewashed.

When and how to prune correctly?

Pruning promotes the formation of young buds. As a result, the yield and quality of fruits is increased. In each season, a different type of pear pruning is carried out.

Crown formation

In most cases, the crown of the marble pear is formed in the form of a bowl. With this method, all parts of the plant receive enough air and light. The procedure is carried out in early spring, before the start of sap flow:

• A year after planting, the main branches of the tree begin to be identified. There can be 3 or 4 of them. Take into account that the distance between the branches should be 18 cm. The selected branches are shortened by 25%.
• The rest of the branches are removed completely, leaving no stumps on the trunk.
• Two years later, on each branch left, two more shoots are determined, which are shortened by half. The distance between the branches is 55 cm.
• All other branches are cut completely.
• In subsequent years, selected branches are pruned to maintain a constant length.

Work is carried out with clean, disinfected garden tools to prevent infection.

Regulation cut

This type of pruning in most cases is carried out in early spring. The need for it arises only in case of excessive density of the crown. In the course of work, branches that grow inside the crown of the tree are removed.

Maintenance trim

In the summer months, when there is an active growth of young shoots, this method of pruning is carried out. The Marble pear variety is not prone to the formation of a large number of shoots, therefore, the branching of young branches is increased by chasing. The procedure consists in cutting young branches by 11 cm.

Sanitary pruning

In the autumn, during the preparation of the pear for winter, sanitary pruning is carried out. Remove dry and damaged branches. Sometimes the procedure is required in early spring.

Cutting rules

Pear pruning is carried out following some rules:

• work is carried out with sharply sharpened garden tools;
• tools are being disinfected;
• do not leave hemp during pruning, so as not to provoke the spread of infection;
• large sections are covered with garden pitch.

If you follow simple rules, you will be able to increase the yield and improve the development of the crop.

Preparing pears for winter

A mature tree can endure frosts down to -26 degrees. Young seedlings are damaged at a temperature of -9 degrees. Therefore, every autumn they carry out warming with various covering materials.

Begin preparations for the winter cold already in September. The near-stem soil is dug up, watered with warm water and covered with a thick layer of horse manure, tree bark or humus. In winter, a large snowdrift is thrown to the trunk.

Some growers wrap the trunk with warm, breathable material. Suitable branches of pine, reeds. You can use newspaper, corrugated cardboard, cotton cloth.

Diseases and pests

Marble pear variety has high immunity and good resistance to pests. But it does not hurt to be aware of the first signs of a problem in order to take countermeasures in time.

Typical diseases of the variety and methods of dealing with them

Most often, a pear is affected by fungal infections. They are usually controlled with fungicides.

Sooty fungus

A black coating in the form of soot becomes noticeable on the leaves and branches.The carriers of the infection are insects: aphids, whiteflies. The disease provokes a lack of lighting and air, a dense crown. All affected branches and leaves should be removed from the tree, then the crown is treated with Fitoverm. In advanced cases, chemicals are used: "Skor", "Horus".

Moniliosis

The fungus infects any part of the plant. Flowers, leaves, fruits, young shoots first wither and dry, and then turn black and fall off. The affected parts of the pear must be cut out, capturing the adjacent he althy area, and burned.

Scab

Maroon spots appear on the inside of the leaves. The fruits begin to rot, cracks form on the skin. Rainy weather provokes the spread of the fungus. Trees are treated with fungicides: Polyram, Horus, Merpan. Of the popular recipes, compositions based on mustard, s alt, potassium permanganate, and horsetail infusion show effectiveness.

Deadly Insects and Methods to Eliminate Them

Sometimes a pear is attacked by pests. They are fought with insecticides ("Decis", "Iskra", "Diazonin").

Pear beetle

The pest is activated in the spring, it eats buds, flowers, young leaves. In May, the bug returns to the soil and lays eggs. The eggs hatch into larvae that feed on the roots. The beetle hibernates in the soil, around the tree trunk.

Pear codling moth

A small gray butterfly lays its eggs in the soil. The eggs hatch into caterpillars that feed on the fruit. Caterpillars climb up the trunk and penetrate into the fruit. You can escape from the pest by whitewashing the trunk.

Aphid

Ants spread aphids. Installing trapping belts and luring ladybugs that feed on aphids will help prevent the appearance of pests.

Harvest and storage of crops

Pears are fully ripe in mid-October, but harvesting begins in September. Harvest should be in the morning, in dry, clear weather. Allods are torn off along with the stem.

For storage, only dense fruits are selected, without signs of damage and cracking. Selected pears are put into cardboard boxes, wooden boxes or wicker baskets. Fruits should be stored in a cool, dry place with good ventilation. The air temperature should be between 0 and +2 degrees.

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